Influence of Alkali Treatment and Fiber Content on Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF)-Reinforced Cement-Based Composites via Full Factorial Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 1005 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Charmane Dawn H. Esper ◽  
Hana Astrid R. Canseco
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Leaf Fiber

In tropical regions such as the Philippines, pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is abundantly available as a low-cost and renewable source for industrial purposes. In this research, PALF was used as a reinforcing material for cement-based composites to open up further possibilities in waste management. Since natural fibers are not fully compatible with the matrix due to their hydrophilic nature, surface treatment is necessary to enhance the fiber-matrix bonding. Fibers were treated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with varying concentrations (4%, 8% and 12%) for 6-hr immersion time at room temperature. PALF was then added at varying content (1%, 4% and 7% w/w cement) to the concrete mixture with a design mix ratio of 2:1 (sand: cement) and a constant water-cement ratio of 0.55. The samples were mechanically characterized after 28 curing days following ASTM C209 and ASTM C473. Full factorial experimental design (FFED) was used to investigate the effects of alkali treatment and the fiber content on the mechanical strengths of the composite. Experimental methods, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and normality test were carried out to evaluate, analyze and validate the results. The best results for tensile strength parallel to the surface and flexural strength at 2.028 MPa and 1.495 kN, respectively, were observed at composites with 1% PALF with 4% NaOH. Meanwhile, composites with 1% PALF with 12% NaOH showed the best result for tensile strength perpendicular to the surface at 1.681 MPa. According to ANOVA results, only the model for the tensile strength perpendicular to the surface showed a curvilinear behavior (p-value=0.012). Results revealed that the factor with the most significant effect was the interaction of the fiber content and alkali treatment on the tensile strength parallel to the surface (p-value=0.000), tensile strength perpendicular to the surface (p-value=0.001) and flexural strength (p-value=0.001).

scholarly journals Improvement of Physicomechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Z. M. Abdul Motaleb ◽  
Md Shariful Islam ◽  
Mohammad B. Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by compression molding. The fiber content varied from 25% to 45% by weight. Water uptake percentages of the composites containing various wt% of fiber were measured. All the composites demonstrated lower water uptake percentages and maximum of 1.93% for 45 wt% PALF/PP composite treated with 7(w/v)% NaOH. Tensile Strength (TS), Tensile Modulus (TM), Elongation at Break (Eb %), Bending Strength (BS), Bending Modulus (BM), and Impact Strength (IS) were evaluated for various fiber content. The 45 wt% PALF/PP composite exhibited an increase of 210% TS, 412% TM, 155% BS, 265% BM, and 140% IS compared to PP matrix. Moreover, with the increasing of fiber content, all the mechanical properties increase significantly; for example, 45 wt% fiber loading exhibited the best mechanical property. Fibers were also treated with different concentration of NaOH and the effects of alkali concentrations were observed. The composite treated with 7 (w/v)% NaOH exhibited an increase of 25.35% TS, 43.45% TM, 15.78% BS, and 52% BM but 23.11% decrease of IS compared to untreated composite. Alkali treatment improved the adhesive characteristics of fiber surface by removing natural impurities, hence improving the mechanical properties. However, over 7% NaOH concentration of the tensile strength of the composite reduced slightly due to overexposure of fibers to NaOH.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Silane Treated Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supatra Pratumshat ◽  
Phutthachat Soison ◽  
Sukunya Ross
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Treated Fiber ◽  
Leaf Fiber

In this work, the mechanical and thermal properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites were studied. Pineapple leaf fibers were pretreated with 4 %wt sodium hydroxide solution followed by various silane solutions i.e. γ-(aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane (APS), γ-methacrylate propyl trimethoxy (A174) and bis [3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetrasulfide (Si69). FTIR results show a significant functional groups of C=O and C=C of methacrylic group, NH2group and Si-O which are the characteristic of these silane coupling agents. SEM micrographs of pretreated PALF showed a rough surface while untreated and silane treated PALF revealed less roughness. It was found that the tensile strength at break of PLA is 56 MPa and tensile strength of composites decreased when fiber content increased. The tensile modulus of silane treated PALF composites were higher than PLA, whereas their impact strength were similar to PLA. Si69 treated PALF showed lower impact strength compared to the others silanes treated fiber which indicates more phase separation between fiber and matrix. This is related to high percentage of crystallinity of composite from Si69 treated fiber. It was also found that the addition of PALF did not change the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PLA while the percentage of crystallinity increases as the fiber content increased. In addition WAXS study of composite from Si69 treated fiber reveals sharp crystalline peaks of PLA while the others silane treatments show amorphous characteristic of PLA.

scholarly journals Application of Natural Plant Fibers in Cement-Based Composites and the Influence on Mechanical Properties and Mass Transport

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyue Zhao ◽  
Shanbin Xue ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yupeng Tian ◽  
Peibing Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Chloride Diffusion ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Recently, there is ongoing interest in the use of natural plant fibers as alternatives for conventional reinforcements in cementitious composites. The use of natural plant fibers makes engineering work more sustainable, since they are renewable, biodegradable, energy-efficient, and non-toxic raw materials. In this contribution, a comprehensive experimental program was undertaken to determine the influence of pineapple leaf fiber and ramie fiber on the mechanical properties and mass transport of cement-based composites. The compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, fracture energy, flexural toughness, coefficient of capillary water absorption, and chloride diffusion were measured. Natural plant fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (NPFRCCs) containing pineapple leaf fiber and ramie fiber, as compared to the plain control, exhibited a slight reduction in compressive strength and a considerable improvement in tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and flexural toughness; the enhancement was remarkable with a higher fiber content. The coefficient of capillary absorption and chloride diffusion of NPFRCCs were significantly larger than the plain control, and the difference was evident with the increase in fiber content. The present study suggests that the specimen with 2% pineapple leaf fiber content can be used in normal environments due to its superior mechanical properties. However, one should be careful when using the material in marine environments.

scholarly journals Influence of polypropylene fiber on early strength of self-compacting concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Rahmi Karolina ◽  
Abdiansyah Putra Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Early Strength

One of the development of concrete technology in construction’s world is Self-Compacting Concrete. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that able to “flow” and condensed by gravity and its own weight with little vibration or even without a vibration device at all. However, these concrete still have deficiencies like general concrete that is weak to tensile. To increase the tensile strength of the concrete is by adding fiber into the mix. One type of fiber that can be used as an additive to the mix is Polypropylene fibers. This study aims to determine the effect of adding polypropylene fibers to the mechanical properties and characteristics of SCC concrete and to know the optimal polypropylene fiber content in the manufacture of Self Compacting Concrete. Fiber addition variations are 0 kg / m3; 0.25 kg / m3; 0.5 kg / m3 and 0.75 kg / m3. The result of the research showed that the variation of 0.5 kg / m3 and 0.75 kg / m3 addition of fibers didn’t fulfill the requirements to be categorized as a SCC concrete. The results of hard concrete test showed the highest compressive strength that is on the SCC PP concrete of 22.31 MPa at the age of 1 day and 46.24 at the age of 28 days. The highest strength is on the SCC 0.25 PP concrete of 6.52 MPa at the age of 1 day and 10.07 at the age of 28 days. The highest flexural strength is on the SCC 0.25 PP concrete of 6.76 at the age of 1 day and 8.60 at the age of 28 days.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PRESENTASE ALKALISASI NaOH TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK MATERIAL KOMPOSIT SERAT DAUN NANAS POLYESTER DENGAN METODE VACUUM INFUSION

ROTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Mohamad Irkham Mamungkas ◽  
Nur Subeki ◽  
Arief Andrian N.
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vacuum Infusion ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Infusion Method ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
Reinforcing Fiber ◽  
Pineapple Leaves ◽  
Type Of Fracture ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Pineapple leaf fiber is currently widely used in furniture and handicraft industries (UKM) because besides being easily available, inexpensive, does not endanger health, can reduce environmental pollution so that later on as a composite reinforcing fiber can overcome environmental problems. From the considerations above, this study aims to determine the effect of the alkalization treatment (NaOH) on the tensile strength test of pineapple leaf fibers by vacuum infusion method and to determine the type of fracture of pineapple leaf fiber composites after tensile testing. Before it is made into a composite of pineapple leaves, it is soaked for 2 hours. Manufacture of composite materials based on ASTM D683-03 standard. From the composite tensile test results obtained the highest average tensile strength in specimens treated with NaOH 6% which is 112 MPa. While the lowest at 0% NaOH treatment is 68 MPa. Composites treated with NaOH have higher agility than those not treated with NaOH. The highest agility is found in composites with the highest NaOH treatment.

A New Treatment Method of Pineapple Leaf Fiber for Textile Use

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1516-1519
Author(s):  
Zheng Fan Li ◽  
Guo Liang Liu ◽  
Chong Wen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Breaking Elongation ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Property ◽  
The World ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Leaf Fiber

The pineapple leaf fiber is abundant in the tropics and subtropics regions in the world. The raw pineapple leaf fiber needs to be degummed before spinning. In this paper, the effect of alkali treatment on fiber property was studied. Compared to the fiber that not treated by alkali, fiber property improved by alkali treatment. At the same time, the influence of parameters of alkali treatment on fiber property was also discussed. With the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution increasing, the fineness, the tenacity, and the breaking elongation of pineapple fiber are all decreased. The effect of time on the fineness of degummed pineapple fiber is insignificant. With the increase of time, the tenacity of pineapple fiber is decreased slightly. However, the breaking elongation of pineapple fiber decreased at first, and then increased. As the temperature increase, the fineness of pineapple fiber increased then decreased. On the contrary, with the temperature increasing, the tenacity of pineapple fiber decreased firstly, and then increased. The breaking elongation of pineapple fiber decreased with the increase of temperature.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Pineapple Leaf Fiber

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Eric Worlawoe Gaba ◽  
Bernard O. Asimeng ◽  
Elsie Effah Kaufmann ◽  
Solomon Kingsley Katu ◽  
E. Johan Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Hemicellulose Removal ◽  
Crystal Properties ◽  
Intermediate Bond ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Evidence-based research had shown that elevated alkali treatment of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) compromised the mechanical properties of the fiber. In this work, PALF was subjected to differential alkali concentrations: 1, 3, 6, and 9% wt/wt to study the influence on the mechanical and crystal properties of the fiber. The crystalline and mechanical properties of untreated and alkali-treated PALF samples were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and tensile testing analysis. The XRD results indicated that crystal properties of the fibers were modified with 6% wt/wt alkali-treated PALF recording the highest crystallinity and crystallite size of 76% and 24 nm, respectively. The FTIR spectra suggested that all alkali-treated PALF samples underwent lignin and hemicellulose removal to varying degrees. An increase in the crystalline properties improved the mechanical properties of the PALF treated with alkali at 6% wt/wt, which has the highest tensile strength (1620 MPa). Although the elevated alkali treatment resulted in decreased mechanical properties of PALF, crystallinity generally increased. The findings revealed that the mechanical properties of PALF not only improve with increasing crystallinity and crystallite size, but are also dependent on the intermediate bond between adjacent cellulose chains.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance on Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Concrete Members

Generally concrete has low cracking resistance, low tensile strength and low ductility. To improve the tensile properties of concrete members a conventional reinforced bars are used. These provide the tensile strength of concrete members and do not increase the inherent tensile strength of concrete. It has been known that the addition of small, closely placed and uniformly dispersed fibers to concrete would act as crack arrester and improve it’s static and dynamic properties. In this paper, the mechanical properties like compression strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural toughness and stress – strain characteristics of SIFCON specimens and then compared with conventional FRC and conventional concrete are investigated. The M30 grade of concrete is used for both fiber reinforced concrete and conventional concrete. The experimental program consists of investigation on the mechanical properties of SIFCON specimens with 8% fiber content and then compared with conventional SFRC with 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% fiber content and then compared with conventional concrete. Steel fibers with two types straight and crimped having 30 mm and 18 mm length have been investigated. The result shows that the compressive strength of SFRC is found to increase with increase in fiber content. SIFCON has higher Split tensile strength and Flexural strength than SFRC and control concrete.

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