Intercritical Interrupted Jominy Test

2007 ◽  
Vol 537-538 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Mihály Réger ◽  
Balázs Verő ◽  
Zsolt Csepeli ◽  
Péter Pinke
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Intercritical Annealing ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Post Heat Treatment ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Final Microstructure ◽  
Jominy Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quench Test

The final microstructure of DP and TRIP assisted steels can evolve after hot working (hot rolling) or during post heat treatment process. In the formation of the final structure a number of different technological parameters have important role, e.g. finishing temperature of rolling, cooling rates, temperature of intercritical annealing, etc. As a result of the individual factors and their combinations a lot of production technology routes are feasible. The effect of the different combinations of these technological parameters on the microstructure can be mapped by a special Jominy end-quench test (so called intercritical Jominy end-quench test) described in this paper. Unlike the traditional Jominy test, in this case there is a partial austenizing between A1 and A3 temperatures which results in a given amount of ferrite in the microstructure before quenching. The amount of ferrite depends on the temperature. In some cases the quenching process was interrupted for a given period of time in order to model the cooling process on the run-out table. During cooling each point of the Jominy specimen has a different cooling rate, so the effect of cooling rate on the microstructure can be evaluated along the length of the specimen.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Jet Height and End Dipping on the Cooling Rate and Hardenability in the Jominy End Quench Test

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Joong-Ki Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Cooling Condition ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Deviation ◽  
Jominy Test ◽  
Quench Test

The effects of water jet height and end dipping on cooling rate and hardenability in the Jominy end quench test were investigated to understand the Jominy test in more detail. Experimental tests were conducted under end dipping cooling condition as well as for specific water jet heights of 35, 65, and 100 mm. The thermal behavior and mechanical properties of the Jominy specimen with region were evaluated using thermocouples and hardness measurements, respectively. The effect of the water jet height on the thermal and hardness behaviors was not large; especially, the influence of water jet height was negligible when the water jet height was over 50 mm. These observations indicate that the uncertainty of the water jet height is not important during the standard Jominy end quench test. Meanwhile, during the standard Jominy test, we cannot neglect the heat flow along the radial direction of the specimen because the temperature difference between the center and surface area was not small; the maximum temperature difference was approximately 50 °C. Based on the comparative study between the standard Jominy cooling and the end dipping cooling processes, the thermal gradient along the radial direction of the specimen can be reduced with the more stable cooling condition on the Jominy end. However, the effect of temperature deviation along the radial direction of the Jominy specimen on the hardness distribution along the longitudinal direction was not large, which shows the high reliability of the Jominy end quench test.

Microtox evaluation of industrial wastewaters

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Fang Lin ◽  
Oliver J. Hao ◽  
Fu-Tien Jeng
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Microtox Assay ◽  
Microtox Toxicity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Final Effluent

The main purpose of this study was to establish an inhibitory database using the Microtox assay for different wastes. The waste samples included 19 pretreated industrial wastes from two different industrial parks, 11 other industrial wastes outside industrial parks, and different treatment process effluents. The following is a brief summary of the findings from this study: (1) COD and BOD had a close relationship among different wastes; (2) Microtox data did not correlate with the conventional parameters of BOD, COD and SS; (3) many wastes did not meet the pretreatment standards and exhibited high Microtox toxicity; (4) some wastes exhibited high Microtox toxicity, although they met the pretreatment standards; (5) the mixture of the individual wastes exhibited an antagonistic effect; (6) the activated sludge process removed 60-75% of influent toxicity; and (7) the final effluent sometimes showed an increase in Microtox toxicity.

scholarly journals The Chosen Aspects of Skew Rolling of Hollow Stepped Shafts

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Jarosław Bartnicki ◽  
Yingxiang Xia ◽  
Xuedao Shu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Skew Rolling

The paper presents chosen aspects of the skew rolling process of hollow stepped products with the use of a skew rolling mill designed and manufactured at the Lublin University of Technology. This machine is characterized by the numerical control of spacing between the working rolls and the sequence of the gripper axial movement, which allows for the individual programming of the obtained shapes of parts such as stepped axles and shafts. The length of these zones and the values of possibly realizable cross-section reduction and obtained outlines are the subject of this research paper. The chosen results regarding the influence of the technological parameters used on the course of the process are shown in the present study. Numerical modelling using the finite element method in Simufact Forming, as well as the results of experimental tests performed in a skew rolling mill, were applied in the conducted research. The work takes into account the influence of cross-section reduction of the hollow parts and the feed rate per rotation on the metal flow mechanisms in the skew rolling process. The presented results concern the obtained dimensional deviations and changes in the wall thickness determining the proper choice of technological parameters for hollow parts formed by the skew rolling method. Knowledge about the cause of the occurrence of these limitations is very important for the development of this technology and the choice of the process parameters.

STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FAT LIVER DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
E. V. Kasparov ◽  
I. E. Kasparova
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Liver ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of the behavior of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The manifestations of NAFLD are a powerful frustrating factor for patients, negatively affect the quality of life, hinder psychosocial adaptation and serve as the basis for the formation of chronic stress from the disease, which blocks the actual needs of the individual. Psychological factors are an important component in the clinical assessment of patients in connection with the individualization of the treatment process and secondary psychoprophylaxis, including methods of somato-centered and personality-centered psychotherapy.

Research on Combined Processing Technology of Superficial Layers Hardened Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Petrică Corabieru ◽  
Stefan Velicu ◽  
Anişoara Corabieru ◽  
Dan Dragos Vasilescu ◽  
Ionel Păunescu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Durability Analysis ◽  
Machined Parts

The novelty technology lies in the fact that the hardening of the surface layers is carried out both in liquid phase and in the solid state. Technology comprises three main stages with 12 technological phases.Experimentation highlights the viability of the technological procedure. The results of tests and verifications are the basis of the analysis of combined machined parts behavior in conditions similar to the operating conditions and of the analysis of the dependence between operation behavior and durability. Analysis of the results revealed the fact that failure to technological parameters: casting temperature; hold time at high temperatures; cooling rate after microalloying in liquid phase, gives rise to possible faults of the combined treated parts.

scholarly journals Sorption Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Baltabekova Zhazira ◽  
Kenzhaliyev Bagdaulet ◽  
Lokhova Nina ◽  
Kassymzhanov Kaisar
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Impurity Composition ◽  
Wet Process

When apatites and phosphorites are processed, up to 30% of rare earth metals are converted into wet-process phosphoric acid. Wet-process phosphoric acid from the phosphorite treatment process differs from apatite one by impurity composition, i.e. the iron content is by 3.5 times, and calcium is by 5.0 times more. The complex composition of the wet-process phosphoric acid from the phosphorite treatment process requires additional researches to select optimal ion exchangers and technological parameters of sorption. Various aspects of sorption have been studied to select the optimal ion exchangers and technological parameters, and technological modes for desorption of rare earth metals from a cation exchanger to obtain a concentrate of rare earth metals have been completed. The method enables to extract rare earth metals without changing the composition of commercial wet-process phosphoric acid directly in the production process of the enterprises engaged in the phosphorite treatment process.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE PROCESS OF EXTRACTION OF BLACK CUMIN OIL WITH PRELIMINARY HEAT TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Preliminary Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Black Cumin

The aim of the study is to increase the yield of oil from black cumin seeds. The results of studies of the influence of technological parameters - temperature and duration of drying of black cumin seeds on indicators of the yield of oil, cake and moisture removal from seeds are presented. The optimal technological parameters of the influence of the preliminary heat treatment process on the indicators of the maximum oil yield, acid number, color, and oil moisture have been established. The variable parameters were the temperature from 80 to 130 °C and the duration of the heat treatment process from 5 to 60 minutes. The possibility of increasing the oil yield by 6,11% has been shown. For this, the drying process must be carried out at a temperature of 100 °C and a process duration of 15 minutes. At the same time, the degree of oil extraction increases from 59,13% to 75,24%, the acid number decreases to 2,98, humidity to 0,12%, and color to 40.

scholarly journals ONCOLOGY NURSING PROFESSIONALS' JOB SATISFACTION AND DISSATISFACTION IN BRAZIL AND PORTUGAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiara Bordignon ◽  
Maria Inês Monteiro ◽  
Scheila Mai ◽  
Maria de Fátima da Silva Vieira Martins ◽  
Cinthya Raquel Alba Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Oncology Nursing ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
High Workload ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nursing Professionals

The aim of this research was to identify the reasons for satisfaction and dissatisfaction among oncology nursing professionals working in Brazil and Portugal. A descriptive and qualitative study was conducted with nine Portuguese nurses and 17 Brazilian nursing professionals, using a questionnaire and interview, which were analyzed according to Bardin's proposition. Satisfaction, in both scenarios, was associated, above all, to the patient and the treatment process, and the bond established between the professional and the individual demanding care. Dissatisfaction resulted primarily from the extensive exposure to high workload and to the deaths of oncology patients. The importance of considering the subjectivity that permeates the work scenario is highlighted, which can have vast and, sometimes, costly implications.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Effect on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 02001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo de Avila ◽  
Jaeseok Eo ◽  
Jihye Kim ◽  
Namsoo P. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Post Heat Treatment ◽  
Intraocular Surgery ◽  
Osteoinductive Potential ◽  
3D Printed

PMMA, PC, and PEEK are thermoplastic polymers that possess favorable properties for biomedical applications. These polymers have been used in fields of maxillo-facial, orthopedic, intraocular surgery, and bio-implant, due to their excellent mechanical properties, osteoinductive potential, and antimicrobial capabilities. In this study, the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of 3D printed polymers was characterized. By modifying printing temperature and post heat treatment process, the mechanical properties were specifically tailored for different applications, correlating with the properties of the implants that are commonly made using molding processes.

Cooling Rate Observation in Quenching Process Using Carbon Nanofluids for S45C Carbon Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
R.I. Riza ◽  
Wahyuaji Narottama Putra ◽  
S. Harjanto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Property ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Quench Medium ◽  
Steel Properties

Quenching process is the most important step in steel heat treatment as this process will determine the properties of the steel such as strength and hardness. Different cooling rate and thermal conductivity provided by the quench medium affect strongly to the mentioned steel properties. Recently, studies for nanoparticle added in the quench medium are developing rapidly. This nanoparticle added fluid is known as nanofluid and could affect the thermal property of the quench medium which ultimately changes the properties of the steel. The nanoparticle composition in nanofluid will affect its thermal property. In this research, carbon was used as the nanoparticle. The composition variations were 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 weight percent in 100 ml distilled water. Pure distilled water was also used as a comparison control. Planetary ball-mill were utilized for 15 hours at 500 rpm to produce nanosized carbon particle. Field-Emission Scanning Microscope (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) were used to check the particle size, shape and purity of the carbon nanoparticles. These nanofluids were then used to quench S45C carbon steels samples annealed at 1000°C for 1 hour. Samples were attached with a thermocouple which connected to temperature data logger to observe the cooling rate of the quench medium. The quenched samples were be tested to get the information of hardness and metallography analysis for supporting data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document