Preliminary Study on Tensile Properties of Electrospun Silica Fibers/Polypropylene Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Panitarn Wanakamol ◽  
Wichuda Boonyaratgalin ◽  
Nopmanee Supanam
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Silica Fiber ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Silica Fibers ◽  
Silica Precursor

Composites based on silica and glass fibers conventionally contain fibers with dimension in the range of a few micrometers to millimeters. Electrospinning technique allows fabrication of fibers in the submicron length scale. With smaller dimension, these fibers when applied as reinforcement in composites may yield interesting composite properties. In this paper, silica fibers fabricated via electrospinning were utilized as reinforcement in polypropylene-matrixed composites. The silica precursor was prepared by sol-gel reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethyl alcohol, de-ionized water and hydrochloric acid. Viscous silica precursor was made into fibers by electrospinning with electric field of 1 kV/cm. Electrospun non-woven fiber mats were stabilized at 200°C and calcined at 800°C to remove remaining organic residues. The fiber diameter average was 279±40 nm. In the process of making composites, the silica fiber mats were sandwiched between polypropylene sheets, and the layers were compression-molded together. The composite samples with varied silica fiber contents up to 2 wt% were mechanically tested. Tensile tests demonstrate slight increases in tensile modulus, tensile strength with increasing silica fiber content. However, silica fiber content within the experimental range does not have prominent effects on yield strength and strain at break.

scholarly journals Sol-Gel and Electrospinning Synthesis of Lithium Niobate-Silica Nanofibers

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Garibay-Alvarado ◽  
Rurik Farías ◽  
Simón Reyes-López
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Polymeric Fibers ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Amorphous Sio2 ◽  
Silica Fibers ◽  
Sio2 Phase ◽  
Silica Nanofibers ◽  
Coaxial Fibers

Lithium niobate-silica fibers were produced by the combination of the sol-gel method and the electrospinning technique. Two sol-gel solutions starting from niobium-lithium ethoxide and tetraethyl orthosilicate were prepared and then mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone; the solutions were electrospun in a coaxial setup. The obtained lithium niobate-silica polymeric fibers were approximately 760 nm in diameter. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the composite composition by showing signals corresponding to lithium niobate and silica. Scanning electron microscopy showed coaxial fibers with a diameter of around 330 nm arranged as a fibrillar membrane at 800 °C. At 1000 °C the continuous shape of fibers was preserved; the structure is composed of silica and lithium niobate nanoparticles within the fibers. The formation of crystalline lithium niobate and amorphous SiO2 phase was also confirmed by XRD peaks.

Preparation of ultrafine silicon oxycarbide fiber mats via electrospinning/sol–gel method: Investigation of the solution spinnability

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 2040004
Author(s):  
Yixuan Wang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Yue ◽  
Junyao Wu ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silicon Oxycarbide ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gel Preparation

Ultrafine silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) fiber mats were prepared through a sol–gel method combined electrospinning technique. The influence of sol–gel solution viscosity on its spinnability has been studied. By partially removing solvents after the sol–gel preparation, the solution could be stably spun and resulted in fiber mats with an average fiber diameter of 560 nm. The formation, morphology and composition of the SiOC fiber mats have been studied by TGA, FT-IR, SEM, XPS and XRD. Due to flexibility and free-standing property, the SiOC fiber mats will have a wide range of applications.

scholarly journals Effect of the Glass Fiber Content of a Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced Composite Structure on Physical and Mechanical Characteristics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Oumayma Hamlaoui ◽  
Olga Klinkova ◽  
Riadh Elleuch ◽  
Imad Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Reinforcement Rate ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Injection Process

This work presents the influences of glass fiber content on the mechanical and physical characteristics of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) reinforced with glass fibers (GF). For the mechanical characterization of the composites depending on the GF reinforcement rate, tensile tests are carried out. The results show that increasing the GF content in the polymer matrix leads to an increase in the stiffness of the composite but also to an increase in its brittleness. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis is performed, highlighting the multi-scale dependency on types of damage and macroscopic behavior of the composites. Furthermore, flammability tests were performed. They permit certifying the flame retardancy capacity of the electrical composite part. Additionally, fluidity tests are carried out to identify the flow behavior of the melted composite during the polymer injection process. Finally, the cracking resistance is assessed by riveting tests performed on the considered electrical parts produced from composites with different GF reinforcement. The riveting test stems directly from the manufacturing process. Therefore, its results accurately reflect the fragility of the material used.

Needleless electrospinning of PVP/PGS fibrous scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Keirouz ◽  
Giuseppino Fortunato ◽  
Anthony Callanan ◽  
Norbert Radacsi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Skin Substitute ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Skin Tissue Engineering ◽  
Needleless Electrospinning ◽  
High Concentrations

Scaffolds and implants used for tissue engineering need to be adapted for their mechanical properties with respect to their environment within the human body. Therefore, a novel composite for skin tissue engineering is presented by use of blends of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) were fabricated via the needleless electrospinning technique. The formed PGS/PVP blends were morphologically, thermochemically and mechanically characterized. The morphology of the developed fibers related to the concentration of PGS, with high concentrations of PGS merging the fibers together plasticizing the scaffold. The tensile modulus appeared to be affected by the concentration of PGS within the blends, with an apparent decrease in the elastic modulus of the electrospun mats and an exponential increase of the elongation at break. Ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking of PGS/PVP significantly decreased and stabilized the wettability of the formed fiber mats, as indicated by contact angle measurements. In vitro examination showed good viability and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts over the period of a week. The present findings provide important insights for tuning the elastic properties of electrospun material by incorporating this unique elastomer, as a promising future candidate for skin substitute constructs.

scholarly journals Chemical and physical interactions of regenerated cellulose yarns and isocyanate-based matrix systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ungerer ◽  
Ulrich Müller ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
Enrique Herrero Acero ◽  
Stefan Veigel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolytic Cleavage ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractIn the development of structural composites based on regenerated cellulose filaments, the physical and chemical interactions at the fibre-matrix interphase need to be fully understood. In the present study, continuous yarns and filaments of viscose (rayon) were treated with either polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) or a pMDI-based hardener for polyurethane resins. The effect of isocyanate treatment on mechanical yarn properties was evaluated in tensile tests. A significant decrease in tensile modulus, tensile force and elongation at break was found for treated samples. As revealed by size exclusion chromatography, isocyanate treatment resulted in a significantly reduced molecular weight of cellulose, presumably owing to hydrolytic cleavage caused by hydrochloric acid occurring as an impurity in pMDI. Yarn twist, fibre moisture content and, most significantly, the chemical composition of the isocyanate matrix were identified as critical process parameters strongly affecting the extent of reduction in mechanical performance. To cope with the problem of degradative reactions an additional step using calcium carbonate to trap hydrogen ions is proposed.

Modeling and experimental study on the mechanical behavior of glass/basalt fiber metal laminates after thermal cycling

2021 ◽  
pp. 105678952199873
Author(s):  
Mehdi Abdollahi Azghan ◽  
F Bahari-Sambran ◽  
Reza Eslami-Farsani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Fiber Metal

In the present study, the effect of thermal cycling and stacking sequence on the tensile behavior of fiber metal laminate (FML) composites containing glass and basalt fibers was investigated. To fabricate the FML samples, fibers reinforced epoxy composite were sandwiched between two layers of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheet. 55 thermal cycles were implemented at a temperature range of 25–115°C for 6 min. The tensile tests were carried out after the thermal cycling procedure, and the results were compared with non-thermal cycling specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for the characterization of the damage mechanisms. The FMLs containing four basalt fibers’ layers showed higher values of tensile strength, modulus, and energy absorption. On the other hand, the lowest strength and fracture energy were found in the asymmetrically stacked sample containing basalt and glass fibers, due to weak adhesion between composite components (basalt and glass fibers). The lowest tensile modulus was found in the sample containing glass fibers that was due to the low modulus of the glass fibers compared to basalt fibers. In the case of the samples exposed to thermal cycling, the highest and the lowest thermal stabilities were observed in basalt fibers samples and asymmetrically stacked samples, respectively. In accordance with the experimental results, a non-linear damage model using the Weibull function and tensile modulus was employed to predict the stress-strain relationship. The simulated strain–strain curves presented an appropriate agreement with the experimental results.

The preparation of poly(methylsilsesquioxane) network-polyimide hybrid materials by the sol-gel process and their properties

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitake Iyoku ◽  
Masa-aki Kakimoto ◽  
Yoshio Imai
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Films ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Dimethyl Acetamide ◽  
Flexible Films ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
Silicone Content

Poly(methylsilsesquixoane) network (silicone)-polyimide hybrid materials were successfully prepared by the sol-gel reaction of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES). The ethoxysilyl group in MTES was hydrolyzed and polycondensed in the solution of the polyamic acid, derived from pyromellitic dianhydride and bis(4-aminophenyl)ether, in N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (DMAc). The hybrid films were obtained by casting the reaction mixture, followed by heating up to 300°C. The hybrid materials containing 0-60wt% of silicone afforded flexible films. The films containing less than 7 wt% silicone were yellow and transparent, whereas the films with higher silicone content were yellow and opaque. Silicone particles with a diameter of around 1-10 μm were observed in the fracture surface of the hybrid films by scanning electron microscopy. Although the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the films obtained decreased with increasing silicone content. the value of the elongation at break remained at 60% up to 30% silicone content.

Deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS Xerogel by Single or Dual Organic Catalyst Addition

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Anna Sumardi ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Aptar Eka Lestari ◽  
Zaini Lambri Assyaifi ◽  
Adi Darmawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Vinyl Silane ◽  
Filtration Material ◽  
Silica Precursor

Currently, xerogel has been applied as a filtration material, especially in membrane desalination. However, the xerogel matrix structure for desalination have to be designed properly in order to allow rejection of salt and obtain good hydro-stability, thus, silica precursor in the form of TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate)/TEVS (triethoxy vinyl silane) and organic acid catalyst are suitable material for fabrication. The aim of this study is therefore to fabricate and perform deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS xerogel by adding single or dual catalyst, using FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and Fityk software. The xerogel was fabricated by dried silica sol and calcined using RTP technique (rapid thermal processing) at 450 °C.  Prior to this fabrication, the silica sol was synthesized by sol gel method, using a mixture of silica precursor TEOS/TEVS, ethanol solvent, and varied addition of single catalyst (citric acid) as well as dual catalyst (citric acid + ammonia) for 2 hours, at 50 °C. Subsequently, the xerogel was characterized by FTIR and the deconvolution was obtained through Gaussian approach, with Fityk software. All TEOS/TEVS xerogel samples indicated existence of silanol (Si-OH), siloxane (Si-O-Si) and silica-carbon (Si-C) functional groups. The xerogel deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS using single catalyst exhibit a peak area ratio of Si-OH/Si-O-Si, and this is similar to the dual catalyst counterpart of 0.24 (unit area) and 1.86 (unit area), for Si-C area ratio. This shows the addition of single catalyst was enough to produce deconvolution in TEOS/TEVS xerogel, dominated by siloxane functional group and carbon bonds with the ability to enhance membrane material hydro-stability’s fabrication.

Multilevel Analysis of Strain Rate Effect on Visco-Damage Evolution in Short Random Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
M. D. D. Boudiaf ◽  
L. Hemmouche ◽  
M. A. Louar ◽  
A. May ◽  
N. Mesrati
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strain Rate Effect ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Stress Levels

Abstract In this study, the strain rate sensitivity of a discontinuous short fiber reinforced composite and the strain rate effect on the damage evolution are investigated. The studied material is a polymeric composite with a polyamide 6.6 matrix reinforced with oriented randomly short glass fibers at a 50% weigh ratio (PA6.6GF50). Tensile tests at low and high strain rate are conducted. In addition, interrupted tensile tests are carried out to quantify the damage at specific stress levels and strain rates. To perform the interrupted tensile tests, an intermediate fixture is realized via double notched mechanical fuses with different widths designed to break at suitable stress levels. The damage is estimated by the fraction of debonded fibers and matrix fractures. Based on the experimental observations, it is concluded that the ultimate stress and strain, and the damage threshold are mainly governed by the strain rate. Furthermore, it is established that the considered composite has a non-linear dynamic behavior with a viscous damage nature.

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