Composite Material Based on Plant Raw Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
E.A. Khadykina ◽  
Z.A. Meretukov
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Traditional Natural

Modern global trends show the preferred low-rise construction, even in large cities. Lightweight concrete is the most common material for low-rise construction. Existing lightweight concrete with the wood residues addition have several disadvantages due to the properties of the aggregate. In the southern regions of Russia, walnut grows in large quantities. Only a small part of the shell is processed, the rest is buried in the ground or burned. The proposed aggregate from crushed walnut shell has several advantages compared to the traditional natural organic fillers: low water demand and decay, high strength. The nutshell in the composition has sugars, which are the cement poisons, there are no data in the literature on the crushed shell technical characteristics. Thus, it is required to determine the crushed shell technical characteristics, to choose a processing method reducing the water-soluble sugars amount in the shell, to select the lightweight concrete composition, ensuring its optimal characteristics. The new kind of lightweight concrete will have characteristics different from existing analogues.

scholarly journals Assessing protopectin transformation potential of plant tissue using a zoned criterion space

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-361
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kondratenko ◽  
Tatyana Kondratenko ◽  
Andrey Petrov ◽  
Georgy Belozerov
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Criterion Space ◽  
Transformation Potential ◽  
Fragmentation Potential ◽  
Pectin Substances

Introduction. The existing diversity of plant raw materials and products predetermine the prospects of studying their potential as sources of pectin substances. However all current classifications are either fragmented or inconsistent. Study objects and methods. Our theoretical ivestigation aimed to develop an adequate classification for all taxa of plant origin, as well as their tissues and derivatives as pectin-containing materials. We developed criteria for assessing transformation potential of the protopectin complex based on the mass fractions of biologically active non-uronide components, native water-soluble pectin, the protopectin complex, and pectin substances. Individual boundary conditions were based on individual pectin potential, protopectin fragmentation potential, and pectin isolation potential. Results and discussion. Based on the boundary conditions, we defined an universal criterion space that included a set of points M in the coordinates expressed by three main criteria. According to individual boundary conditions, the criterion space was divided, or zoned, into four domains corresponding to protopectin fragmentation potential. They were characterized by: 1) lack of pectin potential, 2) ineffective protopectin fragmentation, 3) ineffective isolation of fragmentation products, and 4) effective isolation. Finally, we developed a generalized algorithm to determine the location of points M[μ1, μ2 , μ3 ] in the zoned criterion space, characterizing the plant tissue. Conclusion. Our approach can be used to assess any plant tissue for its protopectin transformation potential, which determines the technological influence on its pectin potential. This approach is universal, i.e., applicable to both plant tissue and its derivatives.

scholarly journals New Electrodes Prepared from Mineral and Plant Raw Materials of Kazakhstan

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Atchabarova ◽  
R.R. Tokpayev ◽  
A.T. Kabulov ◽  
S.V. Nechipurenko ◽  
R.A. Nurmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
High Background ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Surface

<p>Electrode materials were prepared from activated carbonizates of walnut shell, apricot pits and shungite rock from “Bakyrchik” deposit, East Kazakhstan. Physicochemical characteristics of the obtained samples were studied by the Brunauer-Emett-Taylor method, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and other methods. Electrochemical properties of the obtained materials were studied by the method of cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the samples have an amorphous structure. Samples based on plant raw materials after hydrothermal carbonization at 240 °С during 24 h, have more homogeneous and developed surface. Specific surface area of carbon containing materials based on apricot pits is 1300 m<sup>2</sup>/g, for those on the based on mineral raw material, it is 153 m<sup>2</sup>/g. It was shown that materials after hydrothermal carbonization can be used for catalytic purposes and electrodes after thermal carbonization for analytical and electrocatalytic purposes. Electrode obtained by HTC have electrocatalytic activity. CSC 240 has high background current (slope i/Е is 43 mА V<sup>–1</sup> cm<sup>–2</sup>), low potential of the hydrogen electroreduction (more positive by ~ 0.5 V than samples based on plant raw materials). The reaction of DA determination is more pronounced on the electrodes obtained by HTC 240 °C, 24 h, due to the nature, carbon structure and high specific surface area of obtained samples.</p>

Lightweight Concrete Based on Gypseous Binding Materials, Modified with Microcrystalline Cellulose, and Cavitationly Processed Sawdust

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Pykin ◽  
E.Y. Gornostaeva ◽  
N.P. Lukutsova ◽  
J.S. Pykina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Matrix Microstructure ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate ◽  
Reducing Substances

The physical and mechanical properties of lightweight constructional heat-insulating concrete (sawdust gypsum concrete) with high-strength gypsum binder, modified by food cotton microcrystalline cellulose and organic fillers of plant origin from the waste wood of coniferous and deciduous species in the form of cavitationly processed pine and birch sawdust have been studied. The dependence of the cavitation extraction time of water-soluble reducing substances (sugars) from sawdust on the strength of sawdust gypsum concrete is established. The changes in microstructure of the gypsum matrix, the mean density, bending tension strength and compression strength, the thermal conductivity coefficient of sawdust gypsum concrete on the basis of the cavitationly processed sawdust with the introduction of microcrystalline cellulose are analyzed. It is proven that microcrystalline cellulose compacts the space between the crystalline hydrates of calcium sulfate dihydrate in the gypsum matrix microstructure and improves the physical and mechanical properties of sawdust gypsum concrete.

Studies on Three-Stage Counter Current Extraction of Tobacco Stem and Tobacco Dust

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1681-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zeng ◽  
Ke Fu Chen ◽  
Jian Ping Xie ◽  
Guang Xu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Reconstituted Tobacco Sheet ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Tobacco Stem ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Counter Current

Tobacco stem and tobacco dust are the major raw materials in the reconstituted tobacco production. The extraction of the components from these materials is one of the most important procedures in making the reconstituted tobacco sheet. In this paper, we reported an approach of three-stage counter current extraction to transfer the components from tobacco stem and tobacco dust. The results showed that the extraction ratios for tobacco stem and tobacco dust were 40.2% and 54.2%, respectively. The testing results on the extracted tobacco stem and tobacco dust showed that the overall extraction ratios of water soluble sugars, total alkaloid, and chloride in tobacco dust were 89.3%, 90.5% and 100%, respectively; and the overall extraction ratios of water soluble sugars, total alkaloid and chloride in tobacco stem were 59.3%, 60.3% and 76.2%, respectively; The contents of total nitrogen in tobacco dust and tobacco stem were basically no change after each extraction. Lower extraction yield and higher extraction ration were obtain by three stages extract than those by single stage extract.

scholarly journals METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ARABINOXYLANS IN CEREALS (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Lilia Firdavisovna Gilmullina ◽  
Mira Leonidovna Ponomareva ◽  
Sergey Nikolayevich Ponomarev ◽  
Gul'naz Suleymanovna Mannapova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Cereal Plant ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Cereal Plants ◽  
Qualitative Determination

Arabinoxylans (AXs) – non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs)  is one of the most discussed main components contained in all parts of cereal plants. AXs combine bioactive and technological functions. As dietary fibres, they have physiologically beneficial properties for human health. AXs are water-soluble and insoluble in water. The structure, structure, quantity and properties of AXs depend on which part of the grain or cereal plant is extracted and which method of isolation is used. There are many different methods of preliminary and deep impact aimed at extraction of AXs from plant raw materials. The use of a simple method or complex treatment for quantitative and qualitative determination of AXs depends on objectives and possibilities. The overview provides data on AXs content of different crops, depending on the extraction method. The main classical methods of AXs extraction, their advantages, disadvantages, and possible limitations of use are described. The variants of calculation of the quantitative AXs content used by different authors are separately considered.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a hydrophilic derivative of ecdysterone and development of its water-soluble form

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
A.M. Kozhanova ◽  
◽  
B.S. Temirgaziyev ◽  
A. Zhanarbek ◽  
B.I. Tuleuov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Plant ◽  
First Time

The article presents materials on the isolation of ecdysterone substance from medicinal plant raw materials Silene wolgensis (Hornem.) Bess. ex. Spreng (Volga smolyovka). For the first time, the optimization of the method for ecdysterone substance obtaining from the aboveground part of the superconcentrator of phytoecdysteroids of the Silene wolgensis was carried out and based on it a pilot industrial regulation for the isolation of ecdysterone and an encapsulated water-soluble form were developed. It was found, that the interaction of the substrate molecule and the clathrate forms a substance that can dissolve in water and other more polar solvents, thereby solving the problem of bioavailability of the main hydrophobic drug. The method developed for producing the substance ecdysterone and its water-soluble encapsulated with β-cyclodextrin form was implemented into production at the Karaganda pharmaceutical plant. NMR studies of changes in the chemical shifts of protons of substrates and receptors illustrated that ecdysterone interacts with β-cyclodextrin to form supramolecular inclusion complexes with stoichiometric composition of 1:1

Nanotehnologija the use of Aluminium-containing Raw Materials in the Petrochemical Industry to Produce High -performance Brick

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
V. Z. Abdrakhimov ◽  
E. S. Abdrakhimova
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
The Impact

The reduction in the reserves of traditional natural raw materials makes us look for new ways to replace it with different types of waste. At the same time, the costs of exploration, construction and operation of quarries are excluded, and significant land plots are exempt from the impact of negative anthropogenic factors. The experience of advanced foreign countries has shown the technical feasibility of this direction and its application as a tool for protecting the natural environment from pollution. On the basis of inter-shale clay and high-alumina nanotehnologija raw materials petrochemical spent catalyst IM-2201 NovoKuibyshev petrochemical plant derived ceramic brick with high physical-mechanical properties without the use of traditional natural materials. Using nanotechnogenic petrochemicals - spent catalyst IM-2201, containing more than 70% A12O3, a ceramic brick was obtained that corresponds to the M200 brand. It is possible to build load-bearing walls of the lower floors of high-rise buildings (15 floors or more) from M200 ceramic bricks. Innovative proposals for the use of industrial waste: interslant clay and spent catalyst in the production of high-strength ceramic earthquake-resistant bricks with high strength and frost resistance have been developed. The absolute advantage of using multi-tonnage waste of the spent IM-2201 catalyst and inter-shale clay for the waste of oil shale is the unloading of the environmental situation.

New cereal concentrates with increased biological value in the modern nutrition structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bal-Prylypko ◽  
◽  
H Тolok ◽  
M Nikolaenko ◽  
A Antonenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Products ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Market Needs

This article highlights the problem of functional nutrition in Ukraine. Rationale and need for creating new products with improved properties are substantiated, the list of used natural additives, which are a source of important nutrients, is given. The results of conducted tests confirm the optimization of the chemical composition of new cereal concentrates, improvement of their organoleptic properties, an extension of shelf life, which indicates that the choice of the prescription components is correct and their rational proportion. The nutritional and biological value of Extrapolyvitamix, a new cereal concentrate, enriched with vegetable powders, wheat germ, casein iodide, and raisins, is determined. The investigations of cereal concentrate properties proved that they might be included in a group of functional foods due to changes in chemical composition, which will compensate for the deficiency of nutrients necessary for optimal body functioning after previous diseases. The rational concentrations of functional ingredients that can be used in new products are established. It is proved that the use of vegetable-based milk substitutes will allow the development of new products that meet current market needs. Taking into account global trends and changes in consumer preferences, plans for future studies focuses on creating new products with high biological value using only plant raw materials.

scholarly journals Interrelationships among selected essential elements in medicinal plant raw materials and their water-extractable forms

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Paweł Konieczyński ◽  
Marek Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Water Extractable

Summary In the study, the relationships were investigated among N, P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu, in medicinal plant raw materials (herbal bags) and their water-soluble chemical forms in infuses. 42 independent samples of plant materials were chosen, represented by different morphological plant parts as herbs, leaves, flowers and fruits. The elements were determined by UV/Vis spectrometry (non-metals), and FAAS (metallic elements) after previous mineralization of plant samples (total concentrations), and directly in herbal teas (water-extractable forms). Most frequently the correlations between non-metals and Zn and Mn occurred, both between their total contents the water-extractable forms. Statistically significant correlations were also found in pairs: Zn-Mn, Fe-Zn, Mn-Fe, and Cu-Zn. Application of multivariate analysis revealed that cluster analysis grouped the studied samples into clusters with similar levels of the analyzed elements, and principal component analysis allowed the identification of water-extractable Zn, P-PO4 and water-extractable Cu as the most crucial factors determining the differentiation of the studied plant samples.

scholarly journals Spread technology with pine nuts meal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (93) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
V. O. Nagovska ◽  
N. B. Slyvka ◽  
Yu. R. Hachak ◽  
O. R. Mykhaylytska ◽  
O. Ya. Bilyk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Pine Nut

The article describes the possibility of using vegetable raw materials such as pine nuts meal as a protein-vitamin complex in spread technology. Pine nuts are rich with essential amino acids, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides and water-soluble sugars, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, macro and trace elements. It has excellent stabilizing properties in emulsion systems. Also, in article is described technology of spreads made by transformation of a fat mixture. It is justified the choice of the parameters of individual technological operations, in particular, the pine nut meal adds to spread during the homogenization process. For this purpose, dry powder is mixed with pre-pasteurized water, butter or cream in a ratio of 1:2–1:10 at a temperature of 20–40 °C. Mixture is kept at this temperature for 5–20 minutes. Then mixture is cooled to the spread homogenization temperature. Homogenization of the spread is carried out in order to improve the consistency and stability of taste during storage. Spread temperature during loading into the homogenizer should be 11–12 °C in summer and 14–15 °C in winter. Temperature of the spread after homogenization should be 13–15 °C. Optimal dose of cedar nuts meal is determined like 1 % and 3 % by weight of the finished spread. It is described organoleptic, physicochemical and structural-mechanical parameters of the finished product. Spreads containing 1 % and 3 % pine nuts have better heat resistance and moisture distribution. This can be explained by the fact that a small amount of pine nuts does not effects on the structure and texture of spreads. Researches of spread structural indicators have shown that the introduction of more than 3 % of pine nuts has negative influence on it’s structure, in fact, it causes poor moisture distribution and increases the speed of curing, which negatively effects on quality of the finished product. Using of pine nuts in the spread production is appropriate in terms of enrichment of the product with biologically active substances and in terms of expansion of the range of dairy products.

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