Studies on Three-Stage Counter Current Extraction of Tobacco Stem and Tobacco Dust

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1681-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zeng ◽  
Ke Fu Chen ◽  
Jian Ping Xie ◽  
Guang Xu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Reconstituted Tobacco Sheet ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Tobacco Stem ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Counter Current

Tobacco stem and tobacco dust are the major raw materials in the reconstituted tobacco production. The extraction of the components from these materials is one of the most important procedures in making the reconstituted tobacco sheet. In this paper, we reported an approach of three-stage counter current extraction to transfer the components from tobacco stem and tobacco dust. The results showed that the extraction ratios for tobacco stem and tobacco dust were 40.2% and 54.2%, respectively. The testing results on the extracted tobacco stem and tobacco dust showed that the overall extraction ratios of water soluble sugars, total alkaloid, and chloride in tobacco dust were 89.3%, 90.5% and 100%, respectively; and the overall extraction ratios of water soluble sugars, total alkaloid and chloride in tobacco stem were 59.3%, 60.3% and 76.2%, respectively; The contents of total nitrogen in tobacco dust and tobacco stem were basically no change after each extraction. Lower extraction yield and higher extraction ration were obtain by three stages extract than those by single stage extract.

Study on Tobacco Stem and Tobacco Dust Making Reconstituted Tobacco Paper-Base

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 3316-3322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zeng ◽  
Ke Fu Chen ◽  
Jian Ping Xie ◽  
Guang Xu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Tobacco Stem ◽  
Tear Index

Tobacco stem and tobacco dust made reconstituted tobacco paper-base with a paper-making method, effect of extracted and refined on tobacco stem and tobacco dust, particular effect of tobacco stem and tobacco dust ratio on physical properties, chemical composition and microstructure of reconstituted tobacco paper-base were studied. The results indicated that the content of water soluble sugars, total alkaloid, chloride, total nitrogen of the extracted tobacco stem and extracted tobacco dust were decreased, content of holocellulose was increased. With decreasing of tobacco stem pulp ratio (increasing of tobacco dust pulp ratio) of reconstituted tobacco paper-base, there was rapid decrease in tensile index, tear index, bulk and air permeability of reconstituted tobacco paper-base. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that tobacco dust ratio more than 30%, bulk of reconstituted tobacco paper-base decreased significantly. Content of water soluble sugar, total alkaloid, chloride and total nitrogen of tobacco reconstituted paper-base decreasing significantly after paper-making.

Composite Material Based on Plant Raw Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
E.A. Khadykina ◽  
Z.A. Meretukov
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Traditional Natural

Modern global trends show the preferred low-rise construction, even in large cities. Lightweight concrete is the most common material for low-rise construction. Existing lightweight concrete with the wood residues addition have several disadvantages due to the properties of the aggregate. In the southern regions of Russia, walnut grows in large quantities. Only a small part of the shell is processed, the rest is buried in the ground or burned. The proposed aggregate from crushed walnut shell has several advantages compared to the traditional natural organic fillers: low water demand and decay, high strength. The nutshell in the composition has sugars, which are the cement poisons, there are no data in the literature on the crushed shell technical characteristics. Thus, it is required to determine the crushed shell technical characteristics, to choose a processing method reducing the water-soluble sugars amount in the shell, to select the lightweight concrete composition, ensuring its optimal characteristics. The new kind of lightweight concrete will have characteristics different from existing analogues.

scholarly journals Spread technology with pine nuts meal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (93) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
V. O. Nagovska ◽  
N. B. Slyvka ◽  
Yu. R. Hachak ◽  
O. R. Mykhaylytska ◽  
O. Ya. Bilyk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Pine Nut

The article describes the possibility of using vegetable raw materials such as pine nuts meal as a protein-vitamin complex in spread technology. Pine nuts are rich with essential amino acids, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides and water-soluble sugars, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, macro and trace elements. It has excellent stabilizing properties in emulsion systems. Also, in article is described technology of spreads made by transformation of a fat mixture. It is justified the choice of the parameters of individual technological operations, in particular, the pine nut meal adds to spread during the homogenization process. For this purpose, dry powder is mixed with pre-pasteurized water, butter or cream in a ratio of 1:2–1:10 at a temperature of 20–40 °C. Mixture is kept at this temperature for 5–20 minutes. Then mixture is cooled to the spread homogenization temperature. Homogenization of the spread is carried out in order to improve the consistency and stability of taste during storage. Spread temperature during loading into the homogenizer should be 11–12 °C in summer and 14–15 °C in winter. Temperature of the spread after homogenization should be 13–15 °C. Optimal dose of cedar nuts meal is determined like 1 % and 3 % by weight of the finished spread. It is described organoleptic, physicochemical and structural-mechanical parameters of the finished product. Spreads containing 1 % and 3 % pine nuts have better heat resistance and moisture distribution. This can be explained by the fact that a small amount of pine nuts does not effects on the structure and texture of spreads. Researches of spread structural indicators have shown that the introduction of more than 3 % of pine nuts has negative influence on it’s structure, in fact, it causes poor moisture distribution and increases the speed of curing, which negatively effects on quality of the finished product. Using of pine nuts in the spread production is appropriate in terms of enrichment of the product with biologically active substances and in terms of expansion of the range of dairy products.

Pre-Treatment of Vegetable Waste in the Production of Composite Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan R. Safin ◽  
Farida V. Nazipova ◽  
Ruslan R. Khasanshin ◽  
Alexander E. Voronin
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Moment

Currently, the use of technogenic raw materials, including wood waste is one of the trends in manufacturing of building materials. This is due to the limited resources, the need for long-distance transportation, the high material and energy cost of some technological processes of raw materials extraction and processing. All of them greatly hamper the development of the industry of building materials based on natural resources. Different cellulosic fillers of vegetable origin are used for the production of wood-cement compositions at the moment. Organic fillers along with the inherent valuable properties have a number of specific properties which have a significant effect on the processes of structure formation, structural-mechanical and construction properties of composites. The results of the research of the processes of water-soluble components removal from raw wood material are presented in the article. Processing of raw wood material was carried out in water and weak alkali solution in the research process. It is established that additional ultrasonic treatment considerably intensifies and increases the extraction of water-soluble sugars. The conducted research shows the possibility of improving the composite wood materials manufacturing technology with the aim of improving their performance without significant capital investments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Some Silphium L. Species as Alternative Raw Materials

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kowalska ◽  
Urszula Pankiewicz ◽  
Radosław Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Mineral Substances ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

The chemical composition of three Silphium species in the aspect of the possibility of their use for various purposes has been evaluated. The plant material of three Silphium species (S. perfoliatum, S. trifoliatum and S. integrifolium) was acquired from cultivation located in eastern Poland. The vegetative propagating material consisted of seeds and rhizomes. Content of protein (up to 22.9% in leaves of S. perfoliatum), amino acids (aspartic acid—up to 12.0%, glutamic acid—up to 9.5%, and leucine—up to 9.4%), fat (up to 4.2% in inflorescences of S. perfoliatum), cellulose (up to 42.9% in stems of S. trifoliatum), water-soluble sugars (up to 26.7% in rhizomes of S. perfoliatum) and mineral substances (ash up to 20.9% in stems of S. integrifolium, with significant levels of elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn) in the tested Silphium species can be an important criterion determining a positive evaluation of these plants as sources of alternative raw materials. The conducted research is meant to draw attention to the possibility of use of the biomass of three Silphium species as a potential source of ecological and renewable raw material for food, pharmaceuticals, feed and possibly also for energy generation purposes.

Peran Teknologi Dalam Mengembangkan Potensi Ekspor Topeng Malangan (Analisis Situasional Dan Rencana Solusi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nurida Finahari
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Puppet Show ◽  
Three Stages

The art of chisel mask is developed in Tumpang Malang area as part of dance costume fairs, puppet show andcultural ritual, although in its development, this mask sculpture is also sold and become a tourism commodity. The potentialsales of mask sculptures is increasing, especially because of the demanders are foreign tourists, cultural enthusiasts andcomponent of tourism activities. That is, Topeng Malangan has the potential to be developed as an export commodity. Thesales system is still limited to cultural events or when there is a visit of education and tourism to the arts-padepokan. Thisprompted some people around the padepokan to start a home industry to meet the availability of the mask. In general, theproblems encountered by the craftsmen are (1) availability of raw materials, especially for suitable wood species, (2)production equipment, especially for pre-carving process and preservation of product, (3) there is no standard marketingscheme, (4) does not have a business management system, and (5) highly skilled craftsmen are still very limited. The solutionsoffered are divided into three stages: (1) technological strengthening, including strengthening production process technologyand increasing the number of craftsmen; (2) establishing business management; and (3) establishing trademarks, copyrightsand product marketing expansions

Biochemical Composition and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Some Mixtures

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (07) ◽  
pp. 4694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliana Vasileva ◽  
Anna Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency

In pot trial the biochemical composition and phosphorus use efficiency of birdsfoot trefoil, sainfoin and subterranean clover grown pure and in mixtures with perennial ryegrass in the next ratios were studied in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria: birdsfoot trefoil + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); sainfoin + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); birdsfoot trefoil + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%); sainfoin + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%). The highest crude protein content was found in the aboveground mass of birdsfoot trefoil (19.17%) and sainfoin (19.30%). The water soluble sugars contents in mixtures was found higher compared to the pure grown legumes. Birdsfoot trefoil showed the highest phosphorus use efficiency for plant biomass accumulation and nodules formation. In mixtures the phosphorus use efficiency was found be higher as compared to the same in pure grown legumes.

scholarly journals Comparative Metabolite Profile, Biological Activity and Overall Quality of Three Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae) Cultivars in Response to Sulfur Nutrition

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Muna Ali Abdalla ◽  
Fengjie Li ◽  
Arlette Wenzel-Storjohann ◽  
Saad Sulieman ◽  
Deniz Tasdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Higher Plant

The main objective of the present study was to assess the effects of sulfur (S) nutrition on plant growth, overall quality, secondary metabolites, and antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of hydroponically grown lettuce cultivars. Three lettuce cultivars, namely, Pazmanea RZ (green butterhead, V1), Hawking RZ (green multi-leaf lettuce, V2), and Barlach RZ (red multi-leaf, V3) were subjected to two S-treatments in the form of magnesium sulfate (+S) or magnesium chloride (−S). Significant differences were observed under −S treatments, especially among V1 and V2 lettuce cultivars. These responses were reflected in the yield, levels of macro- and micro-nutrients, water-soluble sugars, and free inorganic anions. In comparison with the green cultivars (V1 and V2), the red-V3 cultivar revealed a greater acclimation to S starvation, as evidenced by relative higher plant growth. In contrast, the green cultivars showed higher capabilities in production and superior quality attributes under +S condition. As for secondary metabolites, sixteen compounds (e.g., sesquiterpene lactones, caffeoyl derivatives, caffeic acid hexose, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-OCQA), quercetin and luteolin glucoside derivatives) were annotated in all three cultivars with the aid of HPLC-DAD-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Sesquiterpene lactone lactucin and anthocyanin cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were only detected in V1 and V3 cultivars, respectively. Based on the analyses, the V3 cultivar was the most potent radical scavenger, while V1 and V2 cultivars exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in response to S provision. Our study emphasizes the critical role of S nutrition in plant growth, acclimation, and nutritional quality. The judicious-S application can be adopted as a promising antimicrobial prototype for medical applications.

Characterization of water soluble pentosans of enzyme supplemented dough and breads/ Caracterización de las pentosanas solubles en agua extraídas de masa y pan conteniendo enzimas comerciales

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jimenez ◽  
M.A. Martinez-Anaya
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Processing Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Source

Water soluble pentosans (WSP) from doughs and breads made with different enzyme preparations are characterized according to extraction yield, sugar composition, xylose/arabinose ratio and molecular weight (MW) distribution. Extraction yield was greater for dough than for bread samples, ranging from 0.94 to 1.64%, but bread extracts had a higher purity. Percent of pentoses in purified WSP was greater in pentosanase supplemented samples (28-55%) than in control and amylase containing samples (23-32%). Major sugars were xylose and arabinose, but glucose and mannose also appeared in the extracts. The xylose/arabinose (Xyl/Ara) ratio was 1.3-1.6 and underwent small changes during processing. Enzyme addition caused an increase in Xyl/Ara ratio, attributable to a debranching of arabinoxylans (AX) with higher degree of Ara substitution by arabinofuranosidase. Addition of pentosanases had a significant effect in increasing WSP with MW over 39 000, whereas those of low MW changed only slightly. MW distribution depended on enzyme source, and whereas some enzymes showed activity during fermentation others increased their activity during baking. No synergistic effects were observed in studied variables due to the combination of amylases with pentosanases. Protein in WSP extracts eluted together with ferulic acid suggesting they were linked, but not associated with a determined carbohydrate fraction.

DETERMINATION OF CORROSION INFLUENCE ON FUEL METAL, OBTAINED FROM SECONDARY POLYMER RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
K. Сhevchenko ◽  
A. Grigorov ◽  
I. Sinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The article proposes to determine the corrosion effect on fuel metals under dynamic conditions, when washing the prepared copper plate of a certain size, a significant amount of fuel at a certain speed and temperature of the study. This approach will significantly reduce the duration of the study (up to 100 minutes) and is closer to the real conditions of contact of the fuel with a metal surface, in comparison with the standardized method, which is widely used today. Using the proposed laboratory setup, the study was subjected to fuel (200–360 °C), which was obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials, in particular polypropylene. The obtained results showed that the investigated fuel, despite the temperature, the amount of circulating fuel and its water content, does not have a corrosive effect on the copper plate, which can be explained by the absence of corrosive substances in the fuel: water-soluble mineral acids and alkalis, active sulfur compounds and organic acids. However, it should be kept in mind that in polyolefin raw materials, in the form of contamination, there may be products made of other materials, such as rubber and polyvinyl chloride. This can happen when the sorting technology is violated or during the preliminary preparation of raw materials and, in turn, will contribute to the increase in sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds in the fuel, which are characterized by high corrosion activity and should be necessarily removed from the fuel. Note that the fuel obtained from secondary polymer raw materials, in the absence of sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds, is quite promising for the creation on its basis of modern synthetic fuels, analogues of classic petroleum products.

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