BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS IPS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA. HOPPING'S GROUPS IV AND X

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald N. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Karyotypic Formula ◽  
Pheromone Specificity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe taxonomic concepts of the Ips species of groups IV and X were tested by controlled breeding, bioassay of sex pheromone specificity, and examination of morphological and karyological details. No changes were made in the status of Ips pini, I. bonanseai, and I. avulsus of group IV. I. interstitialis of group X is removed from synonymy with I. calligraphus, and I. ponderosae, also previously considered a synonym of I. calligraphus, is assigned subspecific rank. Assertions of close phylogenetic relationship of the Eurasian I. duplicatus and I. sexdentatus with groups IV and X, respectively, are rejected.I. pini from widely separated localities were interfertile although egg hatchability was subnormal in some crosses involving F1 from matings of beetles from western and eastern North America. I. pini and I. bonanseai readily mated but less than 3% of the eggs hatched and the larvae died. There was no evidence of breeding incompatibility in crosses of I. c. calligraphus from Florida and California or I. c. ponderosae from New Mexico and South Dakota. However, hatchability differed drastically between reciprocal pairings of the I. calligraphus subspecies, possibly as a result of cytoplasmic incompatibility. All eggs produced in pairings of I. interstitialis with either of the I. calligraphus subspecies failed to hatch.First meiotic metaphase of I. pini, I. bonanseai, and both I. calligraphus subspecies invariably showed the formula 15AA + Xyp. This karyotypic formula also applied to I. avulsus except for a few individuals that had 2 small supernumerary chromosomes. The karyotype of I. interstitialis was not determined. Heteromorphic bivalents and univalents were detected in hybrids of the I. calligraphus subspecies.Cross attractiveness to sex pheromones was demonstrated for I. pini from different regions, for I. pini and I. bonanseai, and for the I. calligraphus subspecies. When samples of attractive frass from eastern and western I. pini males were presented simultaneously, eastern females responded equally to both samples but western females favored western frass by a margin of 2 to 1. Similarly, I. c. calligraphus clearly discriminated in favor of consubspecific pheromone while I. c. ponderosae did not.The locality of several of Eichhoff’s holotypes is noted.

The Relationship of Academic Degree and Years in Practice to Occupational Therapists' Perceptions of the Status of the Profession and Educational Preparation

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Hayes Fleming ◽  
Ralph L. Piedmont
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Educational Preparation ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

A questionnaire survey was sent to 2,000 occupational therapists and certified occupational therapy assistants to gather data on perceptions of the state of the profession and its educational system. Eight hundred and eleven questionnaires were returned and analyzed with a Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. The results of two sections of the questionnaire are presented here. These results suggest that, in general, therapists feel that the status of occupational therapy should be improved and that the education of occupational therapists should change. However, there are significant differences of opinion about what should be done to improve the status of the profession and what changes should be made in education. These differences are related to subgroups in the profession. This article presents an overview of some of the differences in perceptions of the profession and its educational system according to two variables—academic degree held and years in practice.

AKTA BORGTOCHT DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
G Victor William
Keyword(s):  
Economic Interest ◽  
Standard Contract ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Made In

Personal guarantee (borgtocht) is an additional agreement (accesoir) which is made for the benefit of the creditor. Personal guarantee cannot exist if there is no legal principal agreement between the creditor and the debtor, therefore this guarantee agreement involves three parties, namely the creditor, the debtor and the guarantor. The main reason for the making of personal guarantee agreement is because there is a relationship of interest between the guarantor and the debtor (the guarantor has an economic interest in the business of the debtor). Personal guarantee in practice are always made in written form. Personal guarantee agreement can be made in the form of under the hand deed or notarial deed. In banking practices, the agreement is made in the form of a standard contract that has been provided by the bank as the creditor. The party that signs this deed is the debtor and the guarantor, hereinafter the deed kept by the bank.

Against Permanent Sovereignty

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Status ◽  
Made In

The status quo within international politics is that individual nation-states enjoy extensive and for the most part exclusive rights over the resources falling within their borders. Egalitarians have often assumed that such a situation cannot be defended, but perhaps some sophisticated defences of state or national rights over natural resources which have been made in recent years prove otherwise. This chapter critically assesses these various arguments, and shows that they are not sufficient to justify the institution of ‘permanent sovereignty’ over resources. Even insofar as those arguments have some weight, they are compatible with a significant dispersal of resource rights away from individual nation-states, both downwards towards local communities, and upwards towards transnational and global agencies.

GDNF Therapy: Can We Make It Work?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Anders Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Interesting Discussion ◽  
Postmortem Studies ◽  
Made In

In two recent postmortem studies, Jeffrey Kordower and colleagues report new findings that open up for an interesting discussion on the status of GDNF/NRTN signaling in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), adding an interesting perspective on the, admittedly very limited, signs of restorative effects previously seen in GDNF/NRTN-treated patients. Their new findings show that the level of the GDNF signaling receptor Ret is overall reduced by about 65% relative to non-PD controls, and most severely, up to 80%, in nigral neurons containing α-synuclein inclusions, accompanied by impaired signaling downstream of the Ret receptor. Notably, however, the vast majority of the remaining nigral neurons retained a low level of Ret expression, and hence a threshold level of signaling. Further observations made in two patients who had received AAV-NRTN gene therapy 8–10 years earlier suggest the intriguing possibility that NRTN is able to restore Ret expression and upregulate its own signaling pathway. This “wind-up” mechanism, which is likely to depend on an interaction with dopaminergic transcription factor Nurr1, has therapeutic potential and should encourage renewed efforts to turn GDNF/NRTN therapy into success, once the recurring problem of under-dosing is resolved.

scholarly journals Exploring Children’s Values Questionnaire: Measurement, Gender, and Age Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Loyd Richard Fyffe ◽  
Ian Hay
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
School Based ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Status ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Student Values ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
Relationship Of

Values are conceptualized as the standards individuals use to determine the status of events and actions and are considered to influence individuals’ behaviours, reasoning, and perceptions. Based on a synthesis of six school-based student values enhancement programs, this paper reports on the development of the Children’s Values Questionnaire (CVQ). This Questionnaire was conceptualized as composing of seven dimensions: Self-Concept; Behaviour; Healthy Life; Social; School Climate; Emotional Intelligence; World View and 26 related sub-dimensions. A total of 848 co-educational students (52% male, 48% female) from Years (Grades) 4 to 7, ages 9 to 13+ years, across 11 Australian schools completed the 95-item CVQ Questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the instrument was 0.94, indicating that the questionnaire had good internal consistency. The inter-correlation between its seven dimensions clustered at Pearson r = 0.55. An exploratory factor analysis was supportive of the CVQ’s theoretical construct (Norm Fit Index of the data to the theoretical construct, 0.09). Girls rated themselves higher than boys (p < 0.001) on items related to Playing by the Rules, Responsibility, Creativity, Empathy, and Communication, and boys rated themselves higher than girls on Physical Activities items (p < 0.001). Older students (Years 6 and 7) compared to younger students (Years 4 and 5) demonstrated greater discernment and differentiation of context (p < 0.05), the growing influence of peer friendship in their value beliefs and an increase in confidence in social settings (p < 0.001). The relationship of the CVQ to Schwartz’s Universal Valued Goals is reported in the paper, along with examples of the application of the CVQ in schools.

scholarly journals Slaves to Rome: The Rhetoric of Mastery in Titus' Speech to the Jews (Bellum Judaicum 6.328-50)

Ramus ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles Lavan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Account ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

(BJ6.350)Those who discard their weapons and surrender their persons, I will let live. Like a lenient master in a household, I will punish the incorrigible but preserve the rest for myself.So ends Titus' address to the embattled defenders of Jerusalem in the sixth book of Josephus'Jewish War(6.328-50). It is the most substantial instance of communication between Romans and Jews in the work. Titus compares himself to the master of a household and the Jewish rebels to his slaves. Is this how we expect a Roman to describe empire? If not, what does it mean for our understanding of the politics of Josephus' history? The question is particularly acute given that this is not just any Roman but Titus himself: heir apparent and, if we believe Josephus, the man who read and approved this historical account. It is thus surprising that, while the speeches of Jewish advocates of submission to Rome such as Agrippa II (2.345-401) and Josephus himself (5.362-419) have long fascinated readers, Titus' speech has received little or no attention. Remarkably, it is not mentioned in any of three recent collections of essays on Josephus. This paper aims to highlight the rhetorical choices that Josephus has made in constructing this voice for Titus—particularly his self-presentation as master—and the interpretive questions these raise for his readers. It should go without saying that the relationship of this text to anything that Titus may have said during the siege is highly problematic. (Potentially more significant, but unfortunately no less speculative, is the question of how it might relate to any speech recorded in the commentaries of Vespasian and Titus that Josephus appears to have used as a source.) What we have is a Josephan composition that is embedded in the broader narrative of theJewish War.

Presence of Undeclared Peanut Protein in Chocolate Bars Imported from Europe

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1932-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER VADAS ◽  
BORIS PERELMAN
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Peanut Protein ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Peanut Allergens ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Fatal Anaphylaxis ◽  
Made In

Peanut allergens are both stable and potent and are capable of inducing anaphylactic reactions at low concentrations. Consequently, the consumption of peanuts remains the most common cause of food-induced anaphylactic death. Since accidental exposure to peanuts is a common cause of potentially fatal anaphylaxis in peanut-allergic individuals, we tested for the presence of peanut protein in chocolate bars produced in Europe and North America that did not list peanuts as an ingredient. Ninety-two chocolate bars, of which 32 were manufactured in North America and 60 were imported from Europe, were tested by the Veratox assay. None of the 32 North American chocolate products, including 19 with precautionary labeling, contained detectable peanut protein. In contrast, 30.8% of products from western Europe without precautionary labeling contained detectable levels of peanut protein. Sixty-two percent of products from eastern Europe without precautionary labeling contained detectable peanut protein at levels of up to 245 ppm. The absence of precautionary labeling and the absence of the declaration of “peanut” as an ingredient in chocolate bars made in eastern and central Europe were not found to guarantee that these products were actually free of contaminating peanut protein. In contrast, North American manufacturers have attained a consistent level of safety and reliability for peanut-allergic consumers.

Marketing and delivering information literacy on the web, yesterday and today, from 2009 to 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Web ◽  
Made In

Purpose – This study aims to ascertain the trends and changes of how academic libraries market and deliver information literacy (IL) on the web. Design/methodology/approach – The author compares the findings from two separate studies that scanned the Web sites for IL-related activities in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Findings – Academic libraries intensified their efforts to promote and deliver IL on the web between 2009 and 2012. There was a significant increase in IL-related activities on the web in the three-year period. Practical implications – The findings describe the status quo and changes in IL-related activities on the libraries’ Web sites. This information may help librarians to know what they have been doing and if there is space for improvement. Originality/value – This is the only study that spans three years in measuring the progress librarians made in marketing and delivering IL on the Web.

THE STATUS OF TWO-NEUTRINO AND NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY SEARCHES

1993 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 507-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. MOE
Keyword(s):  
Beta Decay ◽  
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Experimental Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Direct Counting ◽  
Made In

Substantial progress has been made in double beta decay experiments in the past few years, including the beginning of sensitive new searches for neutrinoless double beta decay, and several additional positive detections of the two-neutrino mode by geochemical, radiochemical, and direct-counting techniques. This review discusses the recent experimental activity.

Development of the Sheraton hotel chainDevelopment of the Sheraton hotel chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
Mehdi Elman oğlu Bağırov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Sheraton Hotel ◽  
Hotel Chains ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Hotel Chain ◽  
Made In

The distribution of the world's hotel chains to more and more countries is also reflected in our country, and the development of this type of chain hotels is growing day by day. Along with the development of technology, the tourism infrastructure and its key element, the hotel industry, is also developing. Today, investments are being made in a planned way to modernize the hotel business, build new hotels, and introduce new technologies and forms of service. Sheraton Hotels and Resorts is an international hotel chain owned by Marriott International. Sheraton has 446 hotels with 155,617 rooms worldwide, including locations in North America, Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Europe, the Middle East and the Caribbean. Key words: hotel chains, investment, technology, hotel business, tourism infrastructure

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