Effects of paclobutrazol’s pretreatment on cold tolerance induction in soybean seedling (Glycine max L.)

Paclobutrazol is one of the growth regulators in plants. It is from the Triazoles group which can protect plants from all kinds of tension. In order to investigate the effect of cold stress and Paclobutrazol on physiological characteristics of soybean seedling (cv. Williams), a factorial experiment was conducted base on completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor involved applying cold tension at 5ºC in four intervals times (0, 8, 16 and 24 hours). The second factor involved pre-treatment of Paclobutrazol in four concentrations (0, 100, 500 and 1000 μM). The results showed a significant increase in shoot’s dry weight by 100 μM Paclobutrazol application compared to Non-Paclobutrazol in eight hours of cold tension. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and relative water content was shown by 100 and 500 μM Paclobutrazol application, respectively. The increase in cold tension time to 24 hours caused an increase in ion leakage and led to an increase in protein content, catalase and peroxidase antioxidant enzymes. The results of this study demonstrate that cold tension can cause reduction in shoot’s dry matter and change the physiological characteristics of soybean but application of 100 and 500 μM of Paclobutrazol can partly induce tolerance to cold stress.

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Impact of Exogenous Applications of Salicylic Acid on the Tolerance to Drought Stress in Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Plants

10.21203/rs.3.rs-116192/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

zahra khazaei ◽

Asghar Estaji

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water

Abstract Background: Drought is also one of the most widespread abiotic stresses that adversely effects the growth and development of plants. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid and drought stress on several physiological and chemical reactions in sweet pepper plants, the experiment was achieved as a factorial based on a completely randomized design in greenhouse. Drought stress levels were non-stress conditions (irrigation with field capacity), moderate stress (30% field capacity irrigation) and intense water stress (60% field capacity irrigation) and three concentrations of salicylic acid included 0 (as control), 0.5 and 1 mM were sprayed on the plant in three to four leaf stages. Results: The results showed that drought decreased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content (RWC), fruit diameter and length, the index including chlorophyll and leaf area and increased electrical conductivity (EC), antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ascorbate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. After application of foliar salicylic acid, all of the above parameters, except the electrical conductivity content, increased. Conclusions: From the results of this experiment it is concluded that salicylic acid provides a better tolerance for drought stress in pepper plant through its influence on vegetative, biochemical and physiological characteristics.

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Effect of ecophysiological characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in response to organic fertilizers (compost and vermicompost)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48311834 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1248-1259

Author(s):

Raheleh AHMADPOUR ◽

Nezam ARMAND

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Control Sample ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

High Water ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Cell Membrane Stability ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water

The organic fertilizers such as urban wet-waste compost and vermicompost can improve the physicochemical properties of soil and have a favourite effect on plants growth due to the high nutrient content, high water holding capacity, plant growth regulators, and beneficial microorganisms. In this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the organic fertilizer mixture on the physiological and morphological indices of tomato seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was done as factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The evaluated factors included the vermicompost fertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30 wt %), and the urban wet-waste compost (0, 10, 20, 30 wt %). In evaluation of the simple-effects of vermicompost and urban wet-waste compost the results showed that the 30 wt % level compared to the control sample increased the leaf area (+12.28% and +9.33%). It also increased the number of leaves (+17.5% and +22.9%), dry weight of root (+17.3% and +16.9%), chlorophyll-b content (+4.9% and +12.3 %), carotenoids (+2.9% and +7.9 %), and the total chlorophyll content (+23.7% and +13.8%). Results of evaluating the treatments showed that the vermicompost and urban wet-waste compost mixture in 30 wt % level (V4C4) caused significant increase in the plant height, leaf dry weight, root length, relative water content, cell membrane stability coefficient, efficiency of photochemical performance of PSII and the chlorophyll-a content (compared to other treatments especially low levels of organic fertilizer consumption). According to the final results of this study, using the vermicompost and urban wet waste compost mixture in 30 wt % level is recommended to improve the morphological and physiological traits of tomato in greenhouse conditions.

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Enhanced Drought Tolerance of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) by Grafting Method

Sains Malaysiana ◽

10.17576/jsm-2021-5011-06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 3219-3229

Author(s):

Ngoc-Thang Vu ◽

Jong-Man Park ◽

Ngoc-Quat Nguyen ◽

Trong-Truong-Son Nguyen ◽

Il-Soep Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Ion Leakage ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Relative Water ◽

Coffee Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate grafting method to improve the drought tolerance of Coffea arabica. Using C. arabica species as scions, and C. robusta as rootstock, the grafted plant was compared with the non-grafted plant (C. arabica) under water deficit condition. The result shown that growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, and leaf width of the grafted coffee plants were higher than those of the non-grafted. The leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants were highly reduced in non-grafted coffee plants. The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values of the grafted and non-grafted coffee plants decreased significantly with increasing duration under water deficit condition. The SPAD and Fv/Fm values of the two coffee types were also increased significantly with increasing duration after re-watering. Compared to the non-grafted plants, higher values of SPAD, Fv/Fm and relative water content in the leaf were observed in the grafted coffee plants. Moreover, lower values of relative ion leakage were observed in the grafted coffee plants after three days of water withholding and one month after re-watering. On the other hand, the grafted coffee plants showed enhanced drought tolerance by reducing the percentages of wilting plant under water deficit condition, and increasing the recovery percentages after re-watering.

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Screening of Soybean Genotypes for Waterlogging Stress Tolerance and Understanding the Physiological Mechanisms

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2022/5544665 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽

Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud ◽

Maliha Rahman Falguni ◽

Naznin Ahmed ◽

Khussboo Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Water Levels ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Waterlogging Tolerance ◽

Waterlogging Stress ◽

Spad Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Delayed Flowering

Waterlogging is a common form of abiotic stress that severely impedes global soybean production. Targeting this issue, an experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during August–November 2019 to screen out the waterlogging tolerance and yield performances of selected soybean genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications consisting of 2 water levels (control and waterlogging) and 12 genotypes (Sohag, BARI Soybean-5, BINAsoybean-1, BINAsoybean-2, BINAsoybean-3, BINAsoybean-5, BINAsoybean-6, SGB-1, SGB-3, SGB-4, SGB-5, and GC-840). On the 15th day after sowing, plants were exposed to waterlogging for 12 days. Waterlogging remarkably declined the growth and yield of all the soybean genotypes compared to control. Reduced plant height, relative water content, above-ground fresh and dry weight, SPAD value, leaf area, number of leaves, branches, pods, seeds pod−1, 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant−1 were observed under waterlogging stress. Conversely, mortality rate and electrolyte leakage were increased under the same condition. The waterlogged plants showed delayed flowering and maturity compared with the control plants. However, among the 12 genotypes, Sohag, BARI Soybean-5, GC-840, BINAsoybean-1, and BINAsoybean-2 showed better waterlogging tolerance. These genotypes showed a greater number of adventitious roots in the base of their stem, which probably helped plants to thrive under waterlogging conditions.

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The Effect of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000 on Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans L.) Growth

Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati ◽

10.23960/jbekh.v7i1.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Annisa Nurul Fathia ◽

Tundjung T. Handayani ◽

Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽

Martha L. Lande

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Spinach ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Levene Test

The purpose of this research was to know whether PEG 6000 can decrease the growth of water spinach. This study was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with main factor is PEG with 3 levels ofconcentration: 0% w/v, 10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v with 5 repetitions. As parameters were plantheight, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, and relative water content. Levene test, analysis ofvariance, and Tukey test were conducted at 5% level. The result shows that the plant period is positivelylinearly correlated with plant height at all PEG concentrations with different growth rates. Lowest growthrate at 20% and 30% PEG concentrations. PEG with 20% and 30% concentrations significantly decreasein the number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, but there is no effect on relative water content. Theconclusion is water stress conditions will decrease the growth of water spinach.

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Physiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stressPhysiological response of Bajra-Napier Hybrids and Tri-Specific Hybrid to salinity stress

Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales ◽

10.17138/tgft(9)337-347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 337-347

Author(s):

Seva Nayak Dheeravathu ◽

Kajal Singh ◽

Pramod W. Ramteke ◽

Reetu - ◽

Nilamani Dikshit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Stability Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

K Concentration ◽

Specific Hybrid

Physiological responses of 3 Bajra-Napier (Cenchrus spp., syn. Pennisetum spp.) hybrid varieties, viz. BNH-3, BNH-6, BNH-10, and 1 ttri-specific hybrid (TSH) were tested under different gradients of soil salinity, i.e. Control, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m electric conductivity (EC), in a pot trial. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root:shoot ratio and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were reduced with increasing salinity level as compared with Control. However, the concentration of Na+ in leaves increased and K+ concentration decreased with increasing salinity level. Physiological parameters, i.e. relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll stability index, carotenoid stability index and K+: Na+ ratio, in leaves tended to be higher in the BNH-3 variety than in other varieties. Shoot dry weight showed highly positive significant correlation with RWC, MSI, K+ concentration and K+:Na+ ratio, while it was negatively correlated with Na+ concentration (P<0.01) All BN hybrid varieties and the tri-specific hybrid studied were susceptible to salinity stress, showing marked reductions in growth as the level of salinity increased above 4 dS/m. However, even at salinity levels producing EC of 8 dS/m these varieties still produced 25‒44% DM yields. There are prospects for improving forage yields from saline soils by planting these hybrids but further breeding studies are warranted to identify germplasm with greater tolerance of saline conditions if these soils are to be utilized effectively to contribute more to supplying forage to support the world’s ruminant population.

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Effects of salt stress on wild type and vte4 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana: Model plant to engineer tolerance towards salinity

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1303777k ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 777-791

Author(s):

Amir Khalatbari ◽

Hawa Jaafar ◽

Maziah Mahmood ◽

Radziah Othman ◽

Amir Khalatbari

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Distribution ◽

Environmental Constraints ◽

Wild Type ◽

Salt Treatment ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water

One of the major environmental constraints impairing plant distribution and yield is believed to be salt stress. Additionally, engineered abiotic stress resistance or/and tolerance is considered as an indispensable target in order to enhance plant productivity. In this study, the effects of salinity on physiological and morphological of wild type (Columbia-0) and vte4 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated under different NaCl concentrations. These salt treatments, including control condition, 50mM and 100mM NaCl were imposed on the plants. Each salt treatment was replicated three times in a complete randomized design with factorial arrangement. Wild type and mutant A.thaliana plants were subjected to the abiotic stress (salinity) for up to 11 days to evaluate the parameters of growth, development and water relations. As a result, the performance of wild type plants was stronger than vte4 mutant under different salt treatments. Under control condition, rosette dry weight, maximum quantum efficiency (PSII) and specific leaf area obtained the highest values of 13.85 mg, considered, wild type A.thaliana recorded higher value of 0.82 gW/gFW for relative water content (RWC) under 50mM NaCl whereas mutant plants gained the value of 0.78 gW/gFW under the same condition. However, root mass fraction indicated an increase for both wild type and vte4 mutant plants after 11 days of salt stress onset. The reduction of water potential was observed for wild type and mutant A.thaliana where it scored -1.3 MPa and -1.4, respectively. As a conclusion, these findings implied that under different salt treatments morphological and physiological responses of wild type and vte4 mutant were affected in which wild type plants showed more tolerance. Lack of ?-tocopherol methyltransferase (? -TMT) gene in vte4 seemed to impair defence mechanism of this mutant against salinity.

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The Allelopathic Effects Characteristics of Fresh Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Leaves Extract on the Germination and Growth of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa L.) Sprouts

Biosfer Jurnal Tadris Biologi ◽

10.24042/biosfer.v1i1.4205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

Dian Putri Sani ◽

Tundjung Tripeni Handayani ◽

Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽

Martha Lulus Lande

Keyword(s):

Brassica Rapa ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Germination And Growth

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) leaves extract on the germination and growth of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa L.). This study employed the completely randomized design with Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) leaves extract as the primary factor within 5 levels of concentration, namely 0% v/v, 5% v/v, 10% v/v, 15% v/v, and 20% v/v. The treatments were repeated 5 times. The variables measured in this study were root length, fresh and dry weight (aerial part and root), the length of aerial part, relative water content, and the total count of chlorophyll a,b. The homogeneity of the data was tested using the Levene statistics. The results showed that allelopathy of the Jatropha caused a stimulatory effect on the fresh weight and the dry weight of the sprouts with a maximum concentration of 10% v/V. The fresh weight increased from 38.22 to 49.16 or 22.25% while the dry weight increased from 3.40 to 4.42 or 23.07%. Karakteristik Efek Alelopati Ekstrak Air Daun Segar Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Terhadap Perkecambahan Dan Pertumbuhan Kecambah Sawi Pakcoy (Brasicca Rapa L.) Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak air daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah sawi pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan faktor utamanya adalah ekstrak air daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dengan 5 taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0% v/v, 5% v/v, 10% v/v, 15% v/v, dan 20% v/v sebagai perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5x. Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini panjang akar, berat segar dan berat kering (aerial part dan akar), panjang aerial part, kadar air relative, dan kandungan klorofil a,b serta total kecambah. Data yang diperoleh di homogenitas dengan uji Levene. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alelopati dari jarak pagar menyebabkan efek stimulasi terhadap berat segar kecambah dan berat kering kecambah dengan konsentrasi maksimum 10% v/v. Berat segar mengalami peningkatan dari 38,22 menjadi 49,16 atau sebesar 22,25% sedangkan berat kering mengalami peningkatan dari 3,40 menjadi 4,42 atau sebesar 23,07%.

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Biochar-Improved Growth and Physiology of Ehretia asperula under Water-Deficit Condition

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112210685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 10685

Author(s):

Thi-Lan-Huong Hoang ◽

Dong-Cheol Jang ◽

Quang-Tin Nguyen ◽

Won-Ho Na ◽

Il-Seop Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Ion Leakage ◽

Oak Wood ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Wilting Point

Ehretia asperula’s physiological responses to growth performance following oak-wood biochar application under water stress conditions (WSC) and no water stress conditions (non-WSC) were investigated in a pot experiment. Biochar (WB) was incorporated into the soil at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons ha−1 before transplanting Ehretia asperula in the pots. One month after transplanting, Ehretia asperula plants were put under water stress by withholding water for ten days. Water stress significantly decreased the growth and physiology of Ehretia asperula. Under WSC, the application of WB at the concentrations of 15 and 20 tons ha−1 to the soil increased the plant height; number of leaves; fresh and dry weight of the roots, shoots, and leaves; Fv/Fm; chlorophyll content; leaf relative water content; and soil moisture as well as decreased the relative ion leakage. The application of WB enhanced drought tolerance in Ehretia asperula plants by lowering the wilting point. The findings suggest that WB application at the concentration of 15 tons ha−1 could be recommended for ensuring the best physiological responses and highest growth of Ehretia asperula plants.

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Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v1i1.4241 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Rahim Mohammadian ◽

Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽

Peyvand Samimifar

Keyword(s):

Mutual Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Date ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Flower Number ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

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