scholarly journals The Effect of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000 on Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans L.) Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Annisa Nurul Fathia ◽  
Tundjung T. Handayani ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Martha L. Lande
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Levene Test

The purpose of this research was to know whether PEG 6000 can decrease the growth of water spinach. This study was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with main factor is PEG with 3 levels ofconcentration: 0% w/v, 10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v with 5 repetitions. As parameters were plantheight, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, and relative water content. Levene test, analysis ofvariance, and Tukey test were conducted at 5% level. The result shows that the plant period is positivelylinearly correlated with plant height at all PEG concentrations with different growth rates. Lowest growthrate at 20% and 30% PEG concentrations. PEG with 20% and 30% concentrations significantly decreasein the number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, but there is no effect on relative water content. Theconclusion is water stress conditions will decrease the growth of water spinach.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of CaCl2 on Growth, Membrane Permeability and Nutrient Uptake in Oryza sativa Grown at High NaCl Salinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Anbu ◽  
S. Sivasankaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

A pot culture was carried out with Oryza sativa L. vari-Co-39, to investigate the effects of supplementary calcium chloride on plants grown at NaCl (50mM) concentration. Treatments were: (1) Control: nutrient solution alone (C); (2) nutrient solution plus 50mM sodium chloride (NaCl); (3) nutrient solution plus 10mM calcium chloride (CaCl2); (4) nutrient solution plus 15mM calcium chloride (CaCl2); (5) nutrient solution and 50 mM NaCl plus supplementary 10 mM CaCl2 (NaCl + CaCl2); and (6) 50 mM NaCl plus additional mixture of 15 mM CaCl2 in nutrient solution (NaCl + CaCl2). The plants grown under salt stress produced low dry weight and relative water content than those grown in standard nutrient solution and in CaCl2 alone. Supplemental calcium chloride added to nutrient solution containing salt significantly improved growth and relative water content. Membrane permeability increased with high NaCl application and these increases in root membrane permeability were decreased with supplementary Ca. The concentration of chloride (Cl) increases highly for all treatments. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased in both shoots and roots at high NaCl treatment. Application of supplementary Ca lowered Na concentration. Concentrations of Ca. K and N were at deficient ranges in the plants grown at high NaCl levels and these deficiencies were corrected by supplementary Ca. The ameliorating effect of Ca on growth and physiological variables could reduce the negative effect of salinity of Oryza sativa L., plants.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akte ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
J Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

scholarly journals Shading as a means of mitigating water deficit in seedlings of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Edinéia M.M. BARTIERES ◽  
Silvana P.Q. SCALON ◽  
Daiane M. DRESCH ◽  
Edvânia A.S. CARDOSO ◽  
Mailson V. JESUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In this research it was hypothesized that Campomanesia xanthocarpa can overcome some level of water deficiency by adjusting physiological parameters and that shading minimizes the water deficit effects while maintaining elevated photosynthetic rates and relative water content of the leaves and makes a resumption of metabolism and growth when the water supply is normalized. The seedlings were submitted to two water regimes (continuous irrigation - CI and intermittent irrigation - II), three shading percentages (0, 30 and 70%) and six evaluation times (Start - T0, 1st Photosynthesis Zero - 1st P0, 1st Recovery - 1st REC, 2nd Photosynthesis Zero - 2nd P0, 2nd Recovery - 2nd REC and END). Plants under water deficit at 0% shading led to a reduction in photosynthetic metabolism, relative water content (RWC), leaf area, number of leaves, and height, especially during the stress periods 1st and 2nd P0. The 30 and 70% shading mitigated the stressful effect of water deficit on C. xanthocarpa seedlings. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that C. xanthocarpa seedlings are intolerant to water deficit since, although sensitive, they presented a potential for recovery of photosynthetic and growth characteristics under all cultivation conditions. It was concluded that that shading minimizes the stressful effects of water deficit.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) on Growth of Oil Palm Seedling in Pre Nursery

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Dwi Astutik ◽  
Ratih Rahhutami ◽  
Aline Sisi Handini ◽  
Ahmad Sutopo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Effective Microorganism

<em>A planting medium that rich in nutrients is needed for oil palm, especially in the nursery phase. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses of EM4 and to get the best dose of EM4 on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery. The research method used was a non-factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments, namely 0 ml EM4 (A1), 4 ml EM4 (A2), 8 ml EM4 (A3), and 12 ml EM4 (A4). Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% level, if the effect was real, it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that application of various EM4 doses had a significant effect on plant height (4-12 MST), the number of leaves (4-8 MST), trunk girth (4-12 MST), and shoot wet weight but did not significantly affect the number of leaves (12 MST), the volume of roots, length of roots, root wet weight and shoot dry weight, dry weight root, the best dose was shown at a dose of 12 ml EM4.</em>

scholarly journals The Effectiveness Of Pre-Planting Seeds Bio-Matriconditioning And Application Of Fertilization With Leisa Technique On Growth Of Areca Nut Seedling (Areca Catechu L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2053-2060
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati ◽  
Muhidin ◽  
Nini Mila Rahni ◽  
Gusti Ngurah Adi Wibawa ◽  
La Mudi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Areca nut is widely used as industrial raw material, both for health and cosmetics and as a source of renewable energy. This study aimed to examine the combination of seed bombatriconditioning and LEISA fertilization treatments that were effective in increasing the growth of areca nut seedlings. The research was carried out in the Wua-Wua Kendari Village, from March to July 2021. The study used a split-plot design with a completely randomized design (CRD). The main plot is seed biomatriconditioning treatment which consists of 3 treatments. While the subplots were fertilized with the LEISA technique which consisted of 6 treatments so that 18 treatment combinations were obtained with 3 replications. Observations were made on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of roots, wet weight and dry weight of shoot. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by the DMRT α0.05 if there was a significant effect. The results showed that seed biomatriconditioning treatment with rhizobacteria integrated with the LEISA technique was able to increase the growth of areca nut seedlings. The integration between L1R biomatriconditioning and the application of organic plus fertilizer + 100% inorganic fertilizer showed a better growth performance of areca nut on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of roots, wet weight and dry weight of betel nut which were significantly different with control and application 100% inorganic fertilizer, but not significantly different from organic plus fertilizer, organic plus fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer and organic plus fertilizer + 25% inorganic fertilizer. As a conclusion, pre-planting seed treatment with L1R biomatriconditioning is very important to increase areca nut seed germination. To increase the growth of areca nut seedlings, further fertilization needs to be done with organic plus fertilizer or a combination of organic plus fertilizer + 25% inorganic fertilizer.

scholarly journals Effectivity of Trichoderma harzianum as Bio-fungicide Against Moler Disease and Bio-stimulator of Shallot Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Icha Rusita ◽  
Hadi Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Moler disease is the primary disease that disturbs the shallot’ cultivation. Hence, it is beneficial to have preventive measures to mitigate the risk and to improve growth. The research objective is to know the effectivity of Trichoderma harzianum suspension as a bio-fungicide and bio-stimulator. The study used seven treatments, i.e., immersion of shallot seeds on negative control (distilled water), positive control (synthetic fungicide+ZPT 1g/liter), T.harzianum suspension with different concentrations of 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, and 10 ppm, assigned in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment that results in a significant level will be continued to the Least Significance Different (LSD) 5% test. The observed variables are the intensity of moler disease and the growth of shallot seeds. Experiment results show the significant difference between treatments. The optimal treatment to reduce the percentage of moler disease intensity is the immersion of shallot seeds in 10 ppm-concentrated T.harzianum suspension, while to improve the shallot growth is in 8 ppm-concentrated T.harzianum suspension. The intensity of moler disease has a negative correlation to the plant’s height and leaf’s diameter but shows no correlation pattern to the number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, and length of roots.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE AND DOLOMIT ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF LONG BEANS (Vigna sinensis L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wagin ◽  
Oktavianus Lumban Tobing ◽  
Nur Rochman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Number Of Branches

This study was aimed to determine the effect of dosage of  cow manure and, dolomite on the growth and production of long  beans. This research was conducted in experimental field of Agroteknologi Department of Djuanda University Bogor. The study was prepared according to Completely Randomized Design (RAL), factorial. The first factor was the dose of cow manure according to recommendation consisting of 4 levels: 0R, 0.5 R, 1R, and 1.5R . The second factor is the recommended dolomite consisting of 4 levels: 0R, 0.5 R, 1R, and 1.5 R.  The results showed that the average height of the plant at age 6 MST, the number of leaves 4 MST and 6 MST, the number of flowers and the amount of fruit 6 MST, wet fruit weight of 3rd fruit harvest, dry weight of stem aged 8 MST influenced by cow manure.  While plant 4 MST, number of leaves 4,6 and 8 MST, number of branches 4, 6 and 8 MST, 6.8 MST of flowers and number of fruit 6,8 MST, weight lenghtof fruit harvest to-1, wet fruit weight of whole harvest 1st, dry weight of 3rd harvest, wet weight of stem, dry weight of stem, wet weight of root influenced by dolomite.Keywords: Long beans, plant height, the amount of fruit, fruit weight

The Growth of Banana Plants in Relation to Temperature

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner ◽  
E Lahav
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Relative Water

Bananas (cv. Williams) were grown for 12 weeks in sunlit growth chambers at day/night temperatures of 17/10, 21/14, 25/18, 29/22, 33/26 or 37/30°C. Humidity was not controlled. At 17/10°C, the plants showed chilling injury and heat injury occurred at 37/30°C. Total plant dry weight was greatest at 25/18°C while leaf area was greatest at 33/26°C. At high temperatures proportionately less dry matter was present in the roots and corm compared with plants at 25/18°C. High temperatures produced more horizontal leaves but, to compensate for this, the laminae folded more readily. Lamina folding was closely associated with relative water content of the laminae, except under cool conditions where laminae folded despite high (97-99%) leaf relative water contents. Unit leaf rate (increase in whole plant dry weight per unit leaf area per unit time) was greatest at 21/14°C (5.8 g m-2 day-1) and least at 37/30°C (1.7 g m-2 day-1.) and had a strong negative association with whole-plant leaf resistance. Leaf relative water content was more closely associated with vapour pressure deficit than temperature and even at 37/30°C was high at 94%.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Biochar and Chitosan on Antioxidative Capacity, Osmolytes Accumulation, and Anatomical Characters of Water-Stressed Barley Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaser Hafez ◽  
Kotb Attia ◽  
Salman Alamery ◽  
Abdelhalim Ghazy ◽  
Abdullah Al-Doss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentrations

The impact of biochar and chitosan on barley plants under drought stress conditions was investigated during two field experiments. Our results confirmed that drought stress negatively affected morphological and physiological growth traits of barley plants such as plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll concentrations, and relative water content. However, electrolyte leakage (EL%), lipid peroxidation (MDA), soluble sugars, sucrose and starch contents significantly increased as a response to drought stress. Additionally, 1000 grain weight, grains yield ha−1 and biological yield significantly decreased in stressed barley plants, also anatomical traits such as upper epidermis, lower epidermis, lamina, and mesophyll tissue thickness as well as vascular bundle diameter of flag leaves significantly decreased compared with control. The use of biochar and chitosan led to significant increases in plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll concentrations as well as relative water content; nevertheless these treatments led to significant decreases in electrolyte leakage (EL%) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the stressed plants. Moreover, anatomical and yield characters of stressed barley plants were improved with application of biochar and chitosan. The results proved the significance of biochar and chitosan in alleviating the damaging impacts of drought on barley plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsentrasi Biourin Kelinci Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bayam Batik (Amaranthus Tricolor L. var. Giti Merah)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sy. Hasan Agil Riza Linda Rafdinal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Batik spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a plant that is rich in nutrients and can be used as diabetes medicine and dysentery. Therefore, increasing the growth of batik spinach plants needs to be done, one of which is the use of organic fertilizers, which can be used as rabbit biourin. The use of rabbit urine is done because rabbit urine has a high nutrient content compared to other livestock. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of biourin on the growth of batik spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.). The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 levels of concentration treatment consisting of controls, 25 ml / L, 30 ml / L, 35 ml / L, 40 ml / L, with 5 replications. The results showed that the administration of rabbit biourin significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight and ratio of roots / canopy. The concentration of 25 ml / L gave the highest effect on the parameters of plant height, leaf number, root / crown ratio, wet weight, and dry weight.

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