scholarly journals Prevalence of non-polio enteroviruses infections among children in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Elisha Ghamba ◽  
David Bukbuk ◽  
Bamidele Soji Oderinde ◽  
Marycelin Baba ◽  
Anthony Uchenna Emeribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Age Range

Background: Human non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) have been associated with certain life-threatening disorders in children. However, there is paucity of NPEV infection data in most developing countries. This study determined the 3-year prevalence of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) among children in some Northern States of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Duplicate stool samples were collected from 27778 children ≤15 years. These samples were processed and analyzed for characteristic NPEVs cytopathic effects (CPE) on L20B and RD cell lines. Tests were considered positive if the duplicate samples produced distinct CPE on both cell lines. Results: Of the 27778 samples processed, 3991 (14.4%) NPEVs were isolated. Participants of the male gender (14.5%) within the age range of 0-5 years (14.7%) from Yobe state (15.3%) whose samples were received in the month of June (22.2%) and in the year 2015 (18.8%) had the highest prevalence of NPEVs. June had significant risk factors of NPEVs (p˂0.001, OR=1.95 [95%CI: 1.60-2.34]). However, there was no significant association between age, sex and location of sample collection with the prevalence of NPEV (p˃0.05) Conclusions: This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of NPEVs among the study population. This calls for the need for government implementation of consistently improved water, food and environmental hygiene.

scholarly journals A study of red blood cell alloimmunization and autoimmunization among 200 multitransfused Egyptian β thalassemia patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal El-Beshlawy ◽  
Alshymaa Ahmed Salama ◽  
Mohamed Roshdy El-Masry ◽  
Noha M. El Husseiny ◽  
Asmaa M. Abdelhameed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Transfusion Complications

AbstractThe development of hemolytic erythrocyte alloantibodies and autoantibodies complicates transfusion therapy in thalassemia patients. These antibodies ultimately increase the need for blood and intensify transfusion complications. There is a scanty data on the frequency of RBC alloimmunization and autoimmunization in Egyptian β thalassemia patients as pretransfusion antibody screening is not routinely performed. We studied the frequency of alloimmunization and autoimmunization among 200 multiply transfused β thalassemia patients and investigated the factors that possibly affect antibody formation. Of the 200 patients in our study, 94 were males and 106 females, with the age range of 2–37 years. Alloantibodies were detected in 36 (18%) of the patients, while autoantibodies were detected in 33 (16.5%). The dominant alloantibodies were directed against Kell (33%) and Rh (24.4%) groups. Alloimmunization had a significant relationship with treatment duration and the frequency of transfusion (P = 0.007, 0.001, respectively). The presence of autoantibodies was significantly related to age (P = 0.001), total number of transfused units (P = 0.000) and splenectomy (P = 0.000). The high prevalence of alloimmunization in the study population disclosed the need for providing phenotypically matched cells for selective antigens especially for Kell and Rh subgroups to reduce risk of alloimmunization and increase the efficiency of blood transfusion.

scholarly journals Determination of Antibodies (IgG, IgM) against Toxoplasma gondii in Some Iraqi individuals by using ELISA technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-946
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Period Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Immunological Technique ◽  
Age Range

A total of 258 voluntary blood donors (males 101; females 157) in the age range of 18-52 yr among males and 18-55 yr among females were examined for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG), and (IgM) by immunological technique (Enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay) during the period from March 2009 to April 2010. This study covered a wide range of factors including immunological, age ,sex , place of residence and symptoms that may have a possible relationship with toxoplasmosis. Results presented in this study showed clearly that 38 (14.7%) of individuals participated in this study having IgG Toxoplasma Ab, among those 10 samples (9.9%) were males and 28 samples (17.8%) were females. Moreover, we found the prevalence of IgM seropositivity in the study population to be 5.8% ,as well as, the prevalence of IgM was 1.98 % in males and 8.3% in females. In addition to , the results of current study indicated that the seroprevalence of IgG Toxoplasma antibodies are more than IgM antibodies ,besides , the peak period range of toxoplasma gondii antibodies IgG among males donors was 30 to 39 years, while among female donors, the highest detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies IgG was between the ages of 40 to 49. What's more, the peak age range of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies IgM among males and females donors was 19 to 29 years. In conclusion , Our study showed a high prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in healthy voluntary blood donors. It may be appropriate to include screening test (ELISA) for T. gondii also in the pre transfusion blood testing schedule.

Factors related toCampylobacterspp. carriage in client-owned dogs visiting veterinary clinics in a region of Ontario, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 1531-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. LEONARD ◽  
D. L. PEARL ◽  
N. JANECKO ◽  
J. S. WEESE ◽  
R. J. REID-SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cooked Food

SUMMARYFrom July 2008 until May 2009, 240 client-owned pet dogs from seven veterinary clinics in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada participated in a study to determine pet-related management factors that may be associated with the presence ofCampylobacterspp. in dogs. The prevalence ofCampylobacterspp. carriage in our study population of pet dogs was 22%, with 19% of the dogs positive forC. upsaliensis, and 3% positive forC. jejuni. A significant risk factor from multivariable logistic regression models for bothCampylobacterspp. andC. upsaliensiscarriage was having homemade cooked food as the dog's diet or added to its diet, and a significant sparing factor for both models was treatment with antibiotics in the previous month. Increasing age of the dog decreased the odds ofCampylobacterspp. andC. upsaliensiscarriage. Based on the high prevalence ofCampylobacter, and specificallyC. upsaliensis, further research concerning pet dogs as a risk factor for campylobacteriosis in humans is warranted.

scholarly journals SKIN DISEASES;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 1031-1035
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmed Ghirano ◽  
Salma Sheikh ◽  
Ashique Ali Arain
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age Range

Background: Skin gives beauty and protection to the body of all living animalespecially to human being. It is continuously exposed to a number of pathogens and other riskfactors resulting into a variety of diseases. Children are affected by different dermatologicalproblems that need to be addressed and managed early to avoid further complications.Material and Methods: 518 Children of both sexes with age range from 1months to 11 yearssuffering from any kind of skin disease were randomly selected after taking consent fromthe parents. Study Design: It was an observational study. Study Settings: This study wasconducted in department of Pediatrics OPD Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences.Study Duration: Study duration was 6months from March 2012 August 2012. SamplingTechnique: Probability Sampling (Simple Random Sampling) was used to select the studysamples. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistical technique used to show frequencyand percentage of the data. Mean and standard of numerical variables were calculated wascalculated for qualitative variables. SPSS 22 was used to analyze the data. Results: 57% ofthe study population was male children and 43% were female showing high prevalence of skindiseases in male as compared to females. Scabies was found to be most common in bothgroups (32.43%) followed by Folliculitis (13.13%), Impetigo (11.39%) and Tenia Capitus (8.69%)mean age of our study patient was 5 years. Conclusion: Skin diseases are more prevalent inFemale children as compared to male children.

Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-Xian Jia ◽  
Lin-Lin Wang ◽  
Ai-Qiang Xu ◽  
Ai-Ying Dai ◽  
Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Latex Test ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Latex Test ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus. Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection. Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.

Outcome of Patch Test on Crack Sole among Bangladeshi Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Abu Sayeed Mohammad ◽  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Zulfiqur Hossain Khan
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
One Year ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Test Result

Background: Crack sole may produce significant morbidity among the physical labourer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the patch test result in crack sole which was due to allergic contactants. Methodology: This test was conducted in the Department at Dermatology and Venereology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2001 to June 2002 for a period of one year. Patients with crack sole were selected as study population. All patients were asked about the details clinical history. Patch test was done by individually prepared alminium Finn Chamber mounted on scanpore tape. Result: A total number of 15 patients were recruited for this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The age range was 8 years to 70 years. Among 15 patients 3 patients were patch test positive remaining 12 patients were patch test negative. Two patient were female and one was male. Conclusion: In conclusion patch test is positive among the crack sole patients. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2020;7(2): 64-67

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