scholarly journals Smoking habits and alcohol use of patients with tuberculosis at Standerton Tuberculosis Specialised Hospital, Mpumalanga, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janke Wessels ◽  
Corinna M. Walsh ◽  
Mariette Nel
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: A high prevalence of smoking and alcohol use has been reported in patients with tuberculosis (TB) by several researchers, even though these lifestyle habits have a negative impact on prognosis and treatment.Aim: To determine the smoking habits and alcohol use of patients with TB and TB/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, and how it is associated with gender, level of education and body mass index (BMI).Setting: The study was conducted at Standerton TB Specialised Hospital, Mpumalanga.Methods: A cross-sectional approach was applied. A structured interview was conducted by the researcher with each of the 100 hospitalised patients to obtain information about smoking habits, alcohol use and level of education. Weight and height were measured using standard techniques.Results: Almost six out of 10 participants (58%) indicated that they were former (44%) or current (14%) smokers. Nearly half (49%) reported that they used alcohol, with 25% drinking alcohol more than three times per week. Significantly more women than men were non-smokers (60.0% vs. 30.0%) and more men drank alcohol three times or more per week than women (36.7% vs. 7.5%). Participants who indicated that they were either former or current smokers had significantly lower levels of education than participants who were non-smokers (95% confidence interval [CI] [−26.7%; −2.6%] and [−39.9%; −1.0%] respectively).Conclusion: A high percentage of patients with TB and TB/HIV co-infection previously or currently smoked and used alcohol. Smoking and alcohol use are likely to have a negative impact on nutritional status and may further affect the prognosis of patients with TB.

Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Associated Risk Factors in Long-distance Truck Drivers from Allahabad, India

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorder ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Occupational driving has often been associated with a high prevalence of pain in the neck, shoulder, wrist/hand, back and knee. The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and associated risk factors among long-distance truck drivers from Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 108 long-distance truck drivers. They were interviewed and examined as per a pre-designed, pre-tested semi-structured interview questionnaire. Results indicate that 78% of long-distance truck drivers had musculoskeletal disorder. The most common symptoms were low back pain (40%) followed by shoulder pain (26%), knee pain (24%), and neck pain (20%). Age, education, addiction, years of work experience, hours of driving were significantly associated with musculoskeletal morbidity (P<0.001). Long-distance truck drivers with continued driving exposure have a high prevalence of a musculoskeletal disorder.

scholarly journals High prevalent human papillomavirus infections of the oral cavity of asymptomatic HIV-positive men

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Méndez-Martínez ◽  
Silvia Maldonado-Frías ◽  
Salvador Vázquez-Vega ◽  
Yanink Caro-Vega ◽  
José Guadalupe Rendón-Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Anal Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Incidence of anal and oral infections with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is increasing, particularly among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive (HIV+) men. HPV type 16 has exhibited the highest incidence and only limited data is available on other prevalent types, variants of HPV16, as well as associated factors. We were interested in identifying prevalent HPV types, variants of type 16, as well as factors associated with HPV16 infections in the oral cavity of HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A cross-sectional study of oral cavity samples from HIV+ MSM, that in a previous study were identified as positive for HPV16 in the anal canal. Cells from the oral cavity (102 samples, paired with 102 from the anal canal of same patient) were used to extract DNA and detect HPV infections using INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II, and PCR. From these, 80 samples (paired, 40 anal and 40 oral) were used to identify variants of type 16 by sequencing. Statistical differences were estimated by the X2 test, and p values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered significant. SPSS ver. Twenty-four statistical software (IBM Corp) was used. Results We found a high prevalence of High-Risk HPV (HR-HPV) and Low-Risk HPV (LR-HPV). Patients were positive in the oral cavity for HR types; 16, 39 and 18 (80.4, 61.8 and 52.9% respectively) and LR types 11 and 6 (53.9 and 34.3% respectively). Surprisingly, only European variants of type 16 were found in the oral cavity, although American Asian (22.5%) and African (2.5%) variants were identified in the anal canal. The analysis showed that CD4 counts could be the most important risk factor associated with HR-HPV infections in the oral cavity, anal canal or both anatomical regions. The risk of infection of the oral cavity with type 18 increased in men diagnosed with HIV for more than 6 years. Conclusions Prevalence of both HR and LR HPV’s in the oral cavity of Mexican HIV+ MSM is very high. The fact that only European variants of HPV16 were found in the oral cavity suggest a possible tropism not previously described.

scholarly journals Workplace violence types in family health, offenders, reactions, and problems experienced

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Saboia Sturbelle ◽  
Daiane Dal Pai ◽  
Juliana Petri Tavares ◽  
Letícia de Lima Trindade ◽  
Carmem Lúcia Colomé Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Team

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the types of violence that affect the health team in Family Health Units, their offenders, reactions and problems experienced by workers. Method: a cross-sectional, concurrent mixed-type research. The Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector was applied to 106 workers from Family Health Units. Of these, 18 answered the semi-structured interview. Results: verbal aggression (65.1%), bullying (14.2%), racial discrimination (10.4%), physical assault (8.5%) and sexual harassment (4.7%) were prevalent. Patients were the main perpetrators of verbal aggression (79.4%) and bullying (46.7%). Workers responded by telling co-workers and reporting to the boss. Victims remained over-alert, vigilant and tense, relating exposure to violence to absenteeism and the desire to leave the profession. Conclusion: verbal aggression is the most common violence with negative impact on workers’ health and work performed.

scholarly journals Pain Prevalence, Characteristics, and Impact Among People with Hemophilia: Findings from the First Portuguese Survey and Implications for Pain Management

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Ribeiro Pinto ◽  
Ana Cristina Paredes ◽  
Armando Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Spontaneous Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pain Prevalence

Abstract Background Hemophilia is a rare disorder characterized by spontaneous bleeding, with pain being a critical aspect. However, a systematic assessment of hemophilia-related pain in Portugal has never been conducted. Objective To understand the pain experience among Portuguese people with hemophilia (PWH) by describing its prevalence, characteristics, and impact and uncovering intervention needs in the realm of hemophilia-related pain care. Methods A cross-sectional observational survey, with age-adapted versions of questions concerning pain, emotional distress, and quality of life, was answered by 104 adults, 21 children/teenagers (10–17 years), and 19 children (1–9 years). Results Pain was reported by 82 (78.8%) adults, 16 (76.2%) children/teenagers, and 13 (68.4%) children, with 65 (62.5%), 13 (61.9%), and eight (42.1%) of them reporting pain lasting more than three months, respectively. The mean number of pain locations (SD) was 5.23 (3.95) for adults, 4.13 (3.48) for children/teenagers, and 3.15 (1.99) for children age 1–9 years, with lower limbs pain causing the greatest negative impact. More frequent pain-triggering factors were physical effort/movements (61, 74.4%) for adults and hemarthrosis for younger groups (children/teenagers: 14, 87.5%; children: 9, 69.2%). Bleeds yielded the highest mean pain intensity (adults: M [SD] = 5.67 [2.09]; children/teenagers: M [SD] = 5.69 [2.15]). Adults with pain revealed more anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 1.698, P = 0.003) and depression (OR = 1.961, P = 0.025) and lower quality of life (OR = 0.928, P = 0.001). Conclusions The current findings highlight the high prevalence, duration, and frequency of pain at all ages, its potentially simultaneous acute and chronic nature, its likelihood to affect multiple locations concurrently, and its detrimental impact. Important insights concerning intervention needs are presented, ultimately contributing to the improvement of hemophilia-related pain management and patient care.

Seroprevalence of human Toxocara infections in the Roma and non-Roma populations of Eastern Slovakia: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2249-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ANTOLOVÁ ◽  
P. JARČUŠKA ◽  
M. JANIČKO ◽  
A. MADARASOVÁ-GECKOVÁ ◽  
M. HALÁNOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Population Information

SUMMARYSocioeconomic conditions and health of the Roma population, the most numerous minority in Europe, are worse than that of the non-Roma population. Information about the occurrence of human toxocarosis and other parasitic diseases in the Roma population is scarce or completely missing. The aim of this study was to map the seroprevalence of toxocarosis in the population living in segregated Roma settlements and to compare the data with the occurrence of antibodies in the non-Roma population of Eastern Slovakia. The seropositivity to Toxocara in 429 examined Roma inhabitants of segregated settlements reached 22·1%, while only 4/394 samples of the non-Roma population were found to be positive (odds ratio 27·7, P < 0·0001). Headache, muscle pain, influenza-like symptoms and diarrhoea occurred significantly more often in seropositive persons than in seronegative individuals. In the Roma population positivity was not influenced by gender, level of education and poverty, but age, lack of sanitary facilities and heating with wood significantly increased the risk of infection. It can be assumed that besides the high prevalence of toxocarosis, other parasitic diseases and communicable diseases will also be more prevalent in the Roma population living in segregated settlements.

scholarly journals The prevalence of malnutrition in spinal cord injuries patients: a UK multicentre study

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samford Wong ◽  
Fadel Derry ◽  
Ali Jamous ◽  
Shashivadan P. Hirani ◽  
George Grimble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospitalised Patients

Data on the prevalence of malnutrition among patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI) are lacking. The aim of the present study was to assess nutritional risk at admission, and the status of nutritional support in the UK SCI Centres (SCIC); a cross-sectional, multicentre study in four SCIC. A standardised questionnaire was used and distributed to the participating SCIC. After obtaining informed consent, baseline demographic data, nutritional risk score by the ‘Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool’, BMI and routine blood biochemistry were collected from every patient admitted to an SCIC. The four SCIC, comprising 48·2 % of the total UK SCI beds, contributed data from 150 patients. On admission, 44·3 % of patients were malnourished or at risk of undernutrition. Nutritional risk was more common in patients with acute high cervical SCI than those with lower SCI (60·7 v. 34·5 %), and nutritional risk was more common in those with additional complications including ventilatory support (with tracheostomy, 56·3 v. 38·7 %). Also, 45 % of patients were at risk of overnutrition (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). The prevalence of malnutrition in SCI patients admitted to SCIC is higher than national figures focused on general hospitalised patients, indicating that SCI patients are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition. Patients with SCI who have a tracheostomy may need additional attention. Given the potential negative impact of malnutrition on clinical outcomes, an emphasis on mandatory nutrition screening, followed by detailed assessment for at-risk individuals should be in place in the SCIC.

scholarly journals Perbedaan status gizi antara perokok dan bukan perokok pada mahasiswa Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Aceh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Indra Kurniawan ◽  
T. Khairul Fadjri ◽  
Agus Hendra Al Rahmad
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Status Data

Background: Smoking habits can have a negative impact on smokers and those around them. Smokers tend to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than nonsmokers in various populations. The average cigarette smoked per day per person in Indonesia is 12.3 cigarettes (equivalent to one pack). Smokers generally have a lower body weight than non-smokers.Objectives: This study aims to determine differences in nutritional status or body mass index (BMI) between smokers and non-smokers.Methods: The study used cross-sectional, with a sample of 66 students. The research was conducted at the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health in 2019. Data collection was carried out by direct interviews using questionnaires, as well as anthropometric measurements (weight and height) to assess nutritional status. Data processing was carried out by categorizing smokers and non-smokers, and nutritional status using the z-score of BMI. Data analysis used Independent T-test at 95% CI.Results: The results have reported that students' smoking habits are carried out outside the home (81.8%) by smoking between 3-6 cigarettes/day. Student nutritional status (BMI) in smokers 21.33 kg/m2 and non-smokers 21.86 kg/m2. Statistically, there was no difference (p= 0.600) between the nutritional status of smoking students and non-smoking students at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference in nutritional status (BMI) between smoking students and non-smoking students at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health.

scholarly journals Obesitas pada Pekerja Minyak dan Gas

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Dilla Christina ◽  
Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Beberapa tahun terakhir angka obesitas di Indonesia cenderung meningkat. Obesitas terjadi akibat ketidakseimbangan antara asupan dan output energi dalam jangka waktu cukup lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian obesitas pada pekerja on shore di perusahaan minyak dan gas. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi cross sectional. Sampel yang diteliti adalah seluruh pekerja on shore (laki-laki maupun perempuan) berusia 35 – 55 tahun yang sesuai dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah ditetapkan (n = 378). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi obesitas (IMT ³ 25 kg/m2) pada pekerja on-shore sebesar 49,5%. Variabel umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pegawai, asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan serat memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian obesitas (nilai p < 0,05). Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas adalah tingkatpendidikan (OR = 2,85; 95%CI = 1,240 – 6,502). Tingginya prevalensi obesitas pada pekerja memerlukan perhatian yang lebih serius dari pihak perusahaan dalam menanggulangi masalah obesitas melalui upaya peningkatan program komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi gizi yang lebih terarah dan terprogram serta perlu dilakukan sosialisasi untuk memantauberat badan dan lingkar pinggang-panggul secara rutin untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit jantung koroner.Kata kunci: Obesitas, pekerja, asupan energiAbstractIn the last few years the incidence of obesity in Indonesia tends to increase. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and output in a long term. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors in the incidence of obesity of the workers on-shore oil and gas companies. This researchdesigned by cross sectional study.The subject of this research was on shore workers of oil and gas company (male and female) aged 35 – 55 years old in East Kalimantan and were eligible for inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 378). The results showed that the prevalence of obesity of on-shore workers was as high as 49.5% (BMI ³ 25 kg/m2). Age, level of education, employement status, energy, carbohydrate, and fiber intake were associated with obesity (p value < 0,05). The most dominant factor associated with obesity was level of education (OR = 2,85; 95%CI = 1,240 - 6,502). The high prevalence of obesity in the workers need more serious attention from the company in overcoming the problem of obesity, by enhancing the EIC program with more focused and sustainable, and need to socialize monitoring of body weight and waist-hip circumference regularly to prevent coronary heart disease.Key words: Obesity, workers, energy intake

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Alarming Prevalence of Smoking Among Lebanese Physicians and Its Negative Impact on Promoting Cessation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Ahmad Berjawi ◽  
Mouhamad Nasser ◽  
Wassim Nassreddine ◽  
Amjad Kanj ◽  
Abir Kojok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of smoking among physicians. As physicians are on the front line caring for patients’ health, a detailed analysis of their smoking habits and its impact on counseling their patients to quit is warranted. So far, no study in Lebanon has addressed the real prevalence of physicians smoking and its impact on promoting cessation. This study aims to fill this purpose. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted using a web-based self-administered questionnaire was e-mailed to 4037 Lebanese physicians between November 2015 and February 2016. The questionnaire included 11 questions about basic sociodemographic information (age, gender, work province, specialty), smoking habits and attitude towards smoking cessation. SPSS was used for analysis. The main outcome was to calculate the percentage of physicians that smoke,  its relationship to gender and age, and its impact on counseling their patients about smoking cessation. Results: 529 responders were analyzed (13.1% response rate). A high rate of physician ever-smokers was noted at 37% (n=195) whereas the prevalence of current smokers was 13% (n=70).. In addition, there was a difference in the gender of ever-smoking physicians where 47% of males were smokers compared to 20% of females only. Regarding the prevalence of smoking within different specialties, it was noted that 35% (n=74) of internal medicine physicians were ever-smokers compared to approximately 50% (n=51/102) of surgeons. There was a statistically significant difference between former-smokers and current-smokers in regards to how frequently they urge their patients to quit smoking. Conclusion: The high prevalence of smoking among Lebanese physicians is depicted and its negative impact on counseling patients to quit is a serious consequence. This is a major drawback in the fight against tobacco and further awareness may be needed among our future doctors to increase smoking cessation counseling and decrease the burden of smoking in Lebanon and worldwide.

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