scholarly journals Irritable bowel syndrome and psychological stress

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S Bayne ◽  
Anita D Stuart ◽  
H Gertie Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Stress Inventory ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was twofold. The first aim was to clarify the relationship between psychological stress and lrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) by establishing whether individuals suffering from IBS experience minor stress differently from healthy individuals in terms of its frequency or intensity. The second aim was more general and concerns theory building in a field filled with ambiguity and confusion. Two groups, one comprising IBS sufferers and the other healthy controls, completed the Daily Stress lnventory and the Occupational Stress lnventory - questionnaires designed to measure minor daily and occupational stress respectively. The findings indicate that IBS sufferers do not experience more stress than healthy individuals, but they experience the stressors with greater intensity.OpsommingDie doel van die studie was tweeledig. Eerstens is daar gepoog om duidelikheid te kry oor die verband tussen sielkundige stres en Prikkelbare Dermsindroom (PDS), deur te bepaal of individue wat aan PDS ly geringe stres anders ervaar as gesonde individue in terme van gereeldheid of intensiteit. Die tweede doelwit was meer algemeen en spreek die kwessie van teorie ontwikkeling aan in 'n veld gevul met dubbelsinningheid en verwarring. Twee groepe, een bestaande uit PDS lyers en die ander 'n gesonde kontrolegroep, het die "Daily Stress Inventory'' en die "Occupational Stress Inventory" voltooi. Die vraelyste is ontwerp om onderskeidelik daaglikse stres en werkstres te meet. Die resultate dui daarop dat PDS lyers nie meer stres ervaar as die gesonde individue nie, maar dat hulle wel die stressors ervaar met groter intensiteit.

Effect of sex on perception of rectosigmoid stimuli in irritable bowel syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. R277-R284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chang ◽  
Emeran A. Mayer ◽  
Jennifer S. Labus ◽  
Max Schmulson ◽  
Oh Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, the relationship between sex and sensitivity to visceral stimuli is incompletely understood. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of sex on perceptual responses to visceral stimulation in IBS. Fifty-eight IBS patients (mean age 42 ± 1 yr; 34 men, 24 women) and 26 healthy controls (mean age 38 ± 3 yr; 9 men, 17 women) underwent barostat-assisted distensions of the rectum and sigmoid colon. Rectal discomfort thresholds were measured using a randomized, phasic distension paradigm before and after repeated noxious sigmoid stimulation (SIG, 60-mmHg pulses). Sex had a significant effect on rectal discomfort thresholds. Women with IBS were the most sensitive (lower thresholds [27 ± 2.7 mmHg] and higher ratings), with significantly lower rectal discomfort thresholds compared with men with IBS (38 ± 2.3 mmHg) and healthy women who were the least sensitive (41.9 ± 3.2 mmHg; both P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in rectal discomfort thresholds between healthy men (34 ± 4.3 mmHg) and men with IBS. Across both IBS and control groups, women demonstrated a significant lowering of discomfort thresholds after noxious sigmoid stimulation ( P < 0.01), while men did not. Sex significantly influences perceptual sensitivity to rectosigmoid distension. Women show greater perceptual responses to this paradigm.

The state of opportunities: clarifying the transitions between opportunity types

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1398-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Welter ◽  
Sharon Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
System States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how discovery and creation opportunities transition from one to the other and thereby clarify the relationship between opportunity types. This theoretical work will offer insight for studying opportunities and clarify the different practical implications of different opportunity types. Design/methodology/approach – To further the understanding of opportunity types, the paper employs Dubin’s (1978) theory building methodology focussing specifically on the concepts of system states. Approaching opportunity types as system states clarifies the relationship between discovery and creation opportunities. Findings – This research argues that opportunities transition from creation opportunities to discovery opportunities. Furthermore, understanding the opportunity state can clarify the practical implications for entrepreneurs. In particular, entrepreneurs in discovery states employ different processes regarding human resources, strategy, financing, planning, leadership, and potential competitive advantage than entrepreneurs pursuing creation states. Originality/value – This paper offers value to researchers by clarifying the differences between opportunity types. To date, there has been little to no investigation into how opportunity types change from one type to another. This research offers to clarify the debate about the existence of different opportunity types and move the discussion forward theoretically. Additionally, this manuscript offers practical insights for entrepreneurs pursuing different types of opportunities.

Professional Isolation and Occupational Stress in Teachers

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Dussault ◽  
Colette Deaudelin ◽  
Nicole Royer ◽  
Jean Loiselle
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Teacher Stress ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Professional Isolation ◽  
Stress Inventory ◽  
Teacher Stress Inventory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systematic Random Sample

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between professional isolation of teachers and their occupational stress. A systematic random sample of 1,110 teachers in Quebec were administered French Canadian versions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Teacher Stress Inventory. Analysis gave, as expected, a positive and significant correlation between isolation and occupational stress. This highlights the importance of looking for ways to reduce professional isolation of teachers.

scholarly journals Health Behaviour, Stress, and Police Trainees

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (Special Issue 2.) ◽  
pp. 112-131
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Borbély
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Occupational stress has adverse effects on the health of police officers which may have a negative impact on their work in the long run. The same may apply to police trainees who have been less studied in this respect so far. To investigate this issue, we performed a cross-sectional study in probationer police officers in their second school year in two grades at one of the Hungarian law enforcement schools. The study was performed in two waves in 2016 (N = 138) and 2018 (N = 94). We explored the connection between stress exposure as measured by the Occupational Stress Questionnaire for Law Enforcement Services, and health-related behaviours, particularly alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity as measured by a custom-made questionnaire. Variance analysis showed that police stress factors have a connection with health behaviours in the two grades: relations between smoking status, alcohol consumption, and binge drinking on the one hand and Individual, Personal factors on the other in 2016 and between the frequency of physical activity, alcohol consumption and binge drinking on the one hand and Workload factors on the other in 2018. The findings obtained in 2016 and 2018 are different in many respects. Overall, the relationship between stress exposure and health-related behaviours was more obvious in 2018 than in 2016. Our study revealed important connections between stress exposure and health-related behaviours in police trainees, but the differences observed in the two waves indicate the complexity of the relationship and require further – preferably longitudinal – studies on the issue.

scholarly journals Similarities in Blood Mononuclear Cell Membrane Phospholipid Profiles During Malignancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Gohar Hakobyan ◽  
Hasmik Davtyan ◽  
Kristine Harutyunyan ◽  
Knarik Alexanyan ◽  
Yelizaveta Amirkhanyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Alteration Pattern

Phospholipids (PLs), key elements of cellular membranes, are regulated reciprocally with membrane proteins and can act as sensors for alterations in physiological or pathological states of cells including initiation and development of cancer. On the other hand, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) play an important role in antitumor immune response by reacting to cancerous modifications in distant organs. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that tumor initiation and development are reflected in the alteration pattern of the MNC PL component. We analyzed MNC membrane PL fractions in samples from healthy individuals and from patients with diverse types of cancers to reveal possible alterations induced by malignancy. Compared to healthy controls, the cancer samples demonstrated shifts in several membrane PL profiles. In particular, when analyzing cancer data pooled together, there were significantly higher levels in lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions, and significantly lower quantities in phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid fractions in cancer samples compared to controls. The levels of sphingomyelins and diphosphatidylglycerols were relatively unaffected. Most of the differences in PLs were sustained during the analysis of individual cancers such as breast cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Our findings suggest the presence of a common pattern of changes in MNC PLs during malignancy.

Patient Care and Daily Stress Among Emergency Medical Technicians

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Boudreaux ◽  
Glenn N. Jones ◽  
Cris Mandry ◽  
Phillip J. Brantley
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Emergency Medical Technicians ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
East Baton Rouge Parish ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Stress Inventory ◽  
Standardized Measure ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIntroduction:There is conflicting research regarding the extent to which patient care is a source of stress for emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Some research indicates that it is important, whereas other studies suggest that it takes a “back seat” to administrative and organizational problems. This study sought to explore this issue further by investigating the relationship between caring for patients, daily workday stress, and daily nonworkday stress among EMTs.Methods:All EMTs employed by East Baton Rouge Parish Emergency Medical Services were eligible for participation. After the study was described, subjects completed a demographic information sheet and informed consent was obtained. Participants then completed 30 days of monitoring with a standardized measure of daily stress (the Daily Stress Inventory) and a measure of patient-care stress designed for use in this study (Emergency Call Questionnaire).Results:A very large portion of the variance in the EMTs' overall daily workday stress was associated with patient care (r = 0.677, p <0.001). Additionally, patient care stress on workdays significantly predicted overall daily stress on the following nonworkday (i.e., post-workday) (r = 0.633, p <0.001). Finally, EMTs who had stressful pre-workdays rated their patient care as more stressful on the following workday (r = 0.512, p <0.01).Conclusions:Results suggest that patient care is a critical factor in daily stress among EMTs, both on workdays and post-workdays, providing preliminary evidence for a carryover effect. Evidence also suggests that stress on the day before work may influence EMTs' perceptions of their patients on workdays.

scholarly journals Daily stress and everyday annoyances during aging

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
L.V. Babakova
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

The article regards foreign research on stressors, life events and everyday hardships during aging. The course of events in this period is filled with injuries, sufferings and hard feelings.So the article discusses the existence of a number of factors at later ages that can lead to fatigue or weakness in elderly people. We examine the relationship between a psychological stress, everyday troubles and chronical stressors. It can be noted that in comparison to life events, daily troubles can impair physical and mental wellbeing of elderly people to a greater extent than life events in general. The study of everyday annoyances is a promising approach to the study of stress and coping it in old age.

scholarly journals Association of the HLA-A2, CW2, B27, S31, DR2 Haplotype with Ankylosing Spondylitis. A Possible Role of NON-B27 Factors in the Disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio La Nasa ◽  
Alessandro Mathleu ◽  
Marina Mulargia ◽  
Carlo Carcassi ◽  
Adriana Vacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sardinian Population ◽  
Hla Haplotypes ◽  
Frequency Variations ◽  
Haplotype Assignment

With the aim of searching for HLA haplotypes and non-B27 allele frequency variations in Sardinian AS patients, HLA-A, B, Cw, DR, DQ and Bf, C4A and C4B typing and haplotype assignment was carried out in the families of 25 AS patients and in 44 healthy individuals, all B27 heterozygotes. In the AS patients a significant increase of the A2, Cw2, B27, DR2, DQ1 haplotype was found. This depends only partially on the linkage disequilibrium existing in the Sardinian population between B27 and the other alleles of this haplotype, and rather seems to be due to a primary association of Cw2 and DR2 alleles with AS. Preliminary data seem to show that this haplotype bears the S3l complotype and the ORB1 * 1601 allele both in the AS patients and in the healthy controls. The pathogenetic implications of these findings are discussed.

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