scholarly journals Religion as memory: How has the continuity of tradition produced collective meanings? – Part one

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Information Market ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Christian Perspective ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of

Danièle Hervieu-Léger gives an account of religion as a chain of memory, that is, a form of collective memory and imagination based on the sanctity of tradition. According to her theory, in the postmodern world the continuity of religious memory has been broken and all that remains are isolated fragments guarded by religious groups. This twofold study aims at showing, firstly, in what sense religion can be conceived of as memory which produces collective meanings (Part One) and, secondly, what may happen when individualised and absolutised memories alienate themselves from a continuity of tradition, thus beginning to function as a sort of private religion (Part Two). Being the first part of the study in question, this article is dedicated to a historical-theological analysis of religious memory as a source of collective meanings, as seen from a Christian perspective. Firstly, it situates Hervieu-Léger’s definition of religion against the background of the most topical religious contexts in which the notion of memory appears today. Secondly, the dialectics of individual and collective memory is discussed, notably through the lens of Ricoeur’s original proposal. This is followed by an overview of the traditional functions of memory in Christianity. Lastly, the interpretation of the way in which Christian tradition, in its premodern continuity, served as a source of collective cultural meanings, is recapitulated. What underlies this analysis is the conviction that to comprehend, and even more so to challenge mechanisms based on which the dominant purveyors of meaning (such as economic and information market) function in our day, one should have a clear understanding of what they attempt to substitute for. In brief, before exploring how memories become religion, one ought to be able to conceive of religion as memory.

scholarly journals The VESP Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arij Lahmar ◽  
Habib Chabchoub ◽  
François Galasso ◽  
Jacques Lamothe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Supply Chain Risks ◽  
Great Complexity

During the last decade, researchers and practitioners became more interested in the domain of vulnerability analysis. It is considered as a key element in defining and managing supply chain risks. The great complexity of a global supply chain and of its environment, coupled with managerial trends, makes such a chain more vulnerable to disruptive events. A clear understanding of the possible consequences generated of this combination is a fundamental step to build an effective risk management plan and strategies. However, more studies are needed in order to develop the understanding of supply chain vulnerability. This article provides an explorative framework in order to analyze and quantify vulnerability within supply chains. Based on the existent literature, this article explores the factors that affect the level of Supply Chain Vulnerability (SCV). Four key components of SCV are identified (i.e. Exposure, Sensitivity, Susceptibility and Preparedness level). Based on these four categories of SCV, a conceptual model is developed. Such a model enables the definition of clear metrics and can further be used by researchers and practitioners to build consistent quantification methodologies.

The VESP Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 424-452
Author(s):  
Arij Lahmar ◽  
Habib Chabchoub ◽  
François Galasso ◽  
Jacques Lamothe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Risk Management Plan ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Fundamental Step ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Supply Chain Risks ◽  
Great Complexity

During the last decade, researchers and practitioners became more interested in the domain of vulnerability analysis. It is considered as a key element in defining and managing supply chain risks. The great complexity of a global supply chain and of its environment, coupled with managerial trends, makes such a chain more vulnerable to disruptive events. A clear understanding of the possible consequences generated of this combination is a fundamental step to build an effective risk management plan and strategies. However, more studies are needed in order to develop the understanding of supply chain vulnerability. This article provides an explorative framework in order to analyze and quantify vulnerability within supply chains. Based on the existent literature, this article explores the factors that affect the level of Supply Chain Vulnerability (SCV). Four key components of SCV are identified (i.e. Exposure, Sensitivity, Susceptibility and Preparedness level). Based on these four categories of SCV, a conceptual model is developed. Such a model enables the definition of clear metrics and can further be used by researchers and practitioners to build consistent quantification methodologies.

Research on Chamfer Software of Complex Parts

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 1335-1341
Author(s):  
Shi Yong ◽  
Wen Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Programming Software ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Complex Parts ◽  
Cam Software ◽  
Location Point

In order to meet the needs of enterprises for chamfering complex parts, based on the customization of commercial CAD/CAM software, chamfer programming software is developed. According to user’s machining demands for a part, a chain of edges of a part is extracted from its 3D model. With preprocessing of the chain of edges, the continuity of the chain is estimated, and the start and end point of those edges are automatic obtained. Furthermore, with human-machine dialogue, machining parameters is set by users. By definition of the primary and secondary surfaces of the chain of edges, and interpolation of the edges, the positions of cutter location point and postures of cutter are calculated. Finally the interference of tool path is checked, and tool path is simulated. The software solves the programming problem of chamfering complex parts.

An Algorithm to Slice 3-D Shapes for Reconstruction in Prototyping Systems

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Chalasani ◽  
B. Grogan ◽  
A. Bagchi ◽  
C. C. Jara-Almonte ◽  
A. A. Ogale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Cyclic Order ◽  
Contour Tracing ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Dense Grid ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes reduce the time consumed in the manufacture of a prototype by producing parts directly from a CAD representation, without tooling. The StereoLithography Apparatus (SLA), and most other recent RP processes build a 3-D object from 2.5-D layers. Slicing is the process of defining layers to be built by the system. In this paper a framework is proposed for the development of algorithms for the representation and definition of layers for use in the SLA, with a view to determine if the slicing algorithms will affect surface finish in any significant manner. Currently, it is not possible to automatically vary slice thicknesses within the same object, using the existent algorithm. Also, it would be useful to use a dense grid for hatching or skin filling any given layer, or to change the hatch-pattern if desired. In addition, simulation of the layered building process would be helpful, so that the user can prespecify parameters that need to be varied during the process. The proposed framework incorporates these and other features. Two approaches for determining contours on each slice are suggested and their implementation is discussed. In the first, the layers are defined by the intersections of a plane with the surfaces defining the object. The plane is moved up from the base of the object as it is being built in increments. All intersections found are stored in a data structure, and sorted in head to tail fashion to define a contour for all closed areas on a layer. The second approach uses a scanline-type search to look for an intersection that will trigger a contour-tracing procedure. The contour-tracer is invoked whenever an unused edge is found in the search. This saves storage and sorting times, because the contour is determined as a chain of edges, in cyclic order. It is envisaged that results of this work on the SLA can be applied to other RP processes entailing layered building.

Misconceptions of Metrology and Calibration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Herrmann ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

In today’s world of manufacturing, R&D, and testing across diverse industries, the definition of Metrology and calibration has taken on new meanings, whether it is right or wrong. With the evolving requirements for defining traceability, which is impacted through ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 as well as the NIST’s definition of Metrological Traceability, we must step back and truly understand what the differences are between these 2 terms. In this paper, we will evaluate the definitions of Metrology and calibration. We will also look at the importance of each and how one affects the other. While both terms are important, as liaisons within the Science of Measurement, we need to be able to articulate the differences between both terms to assist in bringing the representatives working in various industries to a clear understanding of how calibration is an action within the world of Metrology.

Poverty issues, including the working poverty in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294-2312
Author(s):  
Tat'yana A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Anastasiya E. ZUBANOVA ◽  
Yuliya S. SOROKVASHINA
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Working Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.

The Later Work of Gabriel García Márquez

2021 ◽  
pp. 557-573
Author(s):  
Nicholas Birns
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Magical Realism ◽  
Gabriel Garcia Marquez ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Personal Memory ◽  
Late Work ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
Drug Cartels ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Do So

If the Bolívar novel embodies the collective memory of a region in a manner spare yet ingenious, the novelist’s other major late work tends toward personal memory. In Of Love and Other Demons, García Márquez comes as close to magical realism as in any work since the short stories and One Hundred Years of Solitude and reaffirms the multiracial and Caribbean character of the author’s own definition of Spanish America. In News of a Kidnapping, García Márquez ventures onto the territory of drug cartels and violence, which became the preoccupation of the next generation of Colombian writers, relating this material from the deadpan, appalled stance that is as characteristic of his viewpoint as the mesmeric incantations so commonly associated with him. In Memories of My Melancholy Whores, a late in life moral transformation redeems a lifetime of iniquity and testifies to the strangeness of the new territory of extreme old age, in a sense as unexplored a country as Macondo once was. In Living to Tell the Tale, García Márquez reflects upon the first half of his own life. Unlike in the case of Bolívar, García Márquez did not get to tell the ending of the story, leaving later writers and readers to do so in their own minds, as the great master had done for the General.

Community of Production

2009 ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
Francesco Amoretti
Keyword(s):  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Social Software ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Heterogeneous Technologies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Means Of Production

There is no universal agreement regarding the meaning of the term “social software.” Clay Shirky, in his classic speech “A Group is its Own Worst Enemy,” defined social software as “software that supports group interaction” (Shirky, 2003). In this speech, this scholar of digital culture also observed that this was a “fundamentally unsatisfying definition in many ways, because it doesn’t point to a specific class of technology.” The example offered by Shirky, illustrating the difficulties of this definition, was electronic mail, an instrument that could be used in order to build social groups on the Net, but also to implement traditional forms of communication such as broadcasting, or noncommunicative acts such as spamming. In his effort to underline the social dimension of this phenomenon, rather than its purely technological aspects, Shirky decided to maintain his original proposal, and this enables scholars engaged in the analysis of virtual communities to maintain a broad definition of social software. Heterogeneous technologies, such as instant messaging, peer-to-peer, and even online multigaming have been brought under the same conceptual umbrella of social software, exposing this to a real risk of inflation. In a debate mainly based on the Web, journalists and experts of the new media have come to define social software as software that enables group interaction, without specifying user behaviour in detail. This approach has achieved popularity at the same pace as the broader epistemological interest in so-called emergent systems, those that, from basic rules develop complex behaviours not foreseen by the source code (Johnson, 2002). This definition may be more useful in preserving the specific character of social software, on the condition that we specify this carefully. If we include emergent behaviour, regardless of which Web technologies enter into our definition of social software, we will once again arrive at a definition that includes both everything and nothing. Emergence is not to be sought in the completed product, that may be unanticipated but is at least well-defined at the end of the productive cycle, but rather resides in the relationship between the product, understood as a contingent event, and the whole process of its production and reproduction. A peculiar characteristic of social software is that, while allowing a high level of social interaction on the basis of few rules, it enables the immediate re-elaboration of products in further collective cycles of production. In other words, social software is a means of production whose product is intrinsically a factor of production. Combining hardware structures and algorithmic routines with the labour of its users, a social software platform operates as a means of production of knowledge goods, and cognitive capital constitutes the input as well as the output of the process. If a hardware-software system is a means of production of digital goods, social software represents the means by which those products are automatically reintroduced into indefinitely-reiterated productive cycles. This specification allows us to narrow down the area of social software to particular kinds of programmes (excluding, by definition, instant messaging, peer-topeer, e-mail, multiplayer video games, etc.) and to focus the analysis on generative interaction processes that distinguish social software from general network software. Moreover, following this definition, it is possible to operate a deeper analysis of this phenomenon, introducing topics such as the property of hosting servers, the elaboration of rules and routines that consent reiterated cycle of production, and the relationships between actors within productive processes.

The Place of Concerns for Posterity in the Global Education for Sustainable Development Agenda

2017 ◽  
pp. 1433-1453
Author(s):  
Katia Vladimirova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Global Education ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Education Philosophy ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Education is a powerful tool to alter unsustainable values and mindsets. But in order for it to be used most efficiently it is crucial to have a clear understanding of what values should be advanced, changed, or developed. This chapter aims to clarify some conceptual difficulties with the value of future generations in education for sustainable development. Future generations are embedded in the definition of sustainable development and can be reasonably expected to be at the heart of education for sustainable development. This chapter explores this assumption and analyzes how future-oriented concerns are formulated and advanced in the global educational agenda put forward during the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014) led by UNESCO. This analysis compares conceptual foundations of ESD against key developments in climate and environmental ethics on the treatment of posterity. This chapter can contribute to the disciplines of environmental education, philosophy of education, and to climate ethics.

EMBODYING CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN STRATEGIC ORIENTATION FOR TECHNOLOGY FIRMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
TIEN HUA YIM-TEO ◽  
CHRISTIAN JANG TAO CHAO
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Dynamic Competition ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
And Behavior

The study of entrepreneurial activities and behavior in corporations is considered important as it is viewed as a means for sustained corporate competitiveness. This challenge is particularly crucial for technology firms which face dynamic competition due to rapid technological changes. This highlights the need to adopt a suitable strategic orientation which embraces entrepreneurship. However, there appears to be a fragmented understanding as to what constitutes corporate entrepreneurship. This paper therefore attempts to provide clarity to the definition of corporate entrepreneurship by first determining what essentially 'entrepreneurship' is and subsequently contextualizing entrepreneurship in the corporate setting. Based on a clear understanding of corporate entrepreneurship, the paper then conceptually develops a strategic orientation that embodies corporate entrepreneurship applicable to technology firms.

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