scholarly journals The implications of climate change for Africa’s economic development

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinky Lalthapersad-Pillay ◽  
Eric Udjo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Future Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Levels

Studies confirm that developing countries could be hardest hit by climate change given that they have to contend with extreme poverty levels and harsh geographic conditions. Even Africa will not escape the adversity that climate change will engender. Climate change could impact negatively on water resources, land quality, forestation and ecosystems, which may threaten livelihoods and food security, making it foremost a development issue. Existent socio-economic conditions in developing countries place them at greater risk to climate change as these inequities are likely to be reinforced by climate change, thereby jeopardising their future economic development. The results of the analysis based on the calculation of an overall index comprising four proxy variables, showed that eleven African countries are high risk countries whose future economic development may be impeded by climate change. Adaptation, economic diversification, mitigation, climate-smart polices within the framework of development policy are pertinent policy options. 

scholarly journals New Zealand Aid and Dairy Development in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jasmine Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Dairy Development

<p>New Zealand’s aid investment in dairy development is seen, on the one hand, as a means to improve economic, health and food security issues in developing countries. Dairy development, further, is linked to New Zealand’s trade interests and supports industry expansion strategies that target the market potential in developing countries. On the other hand, it is argued that dairy consumption and production should be reduced to respond to climate change and potential negative health impacts in countries with traditionally low dairy consumption. The potential impacts of dairy development on sustainable development are complex, interconnected and contradictory. Moreover, local and gendered understandings of the impacts of dairy development are underrepresented in literature.   Drawing on a sustainable livelihood approach and gender lens as a theoretical framework, this research explores smallholder farmers’ views through a case study of a New Zealand-funded aid project in Sri Lanka, the Wanni Dairy Project, which is increasing dairy production to improve rural livelihoods. In doing so, this thesis considers the multiple impacts of dairy development on sustainable livelihoods. In particular, it explores understandings of social, gender and environmental factors. Data was collected during five weeks of qualitative, case study research (using interviews, photovoice and observation methods) with female, conflict-affected farmers in Sri Lanka and stakeholders in dairy development.   This thesis contends that better understandings of the impacts of dairy development and aid can be valuably informed by local perspectives. It highlights the inherent connectivity between social, environmental and economic factors of the Wanni Dairy Project, and areas of dissonance between local understandings of the impacts of dairy development and global discourse on sustainable development. Specifically, this thesis draws attention to the diverse impacts of increasing income, health factors, and cultural and religious factors; it highlights women’s independence, empowerment and agency, and ongoing inequities; and it addresses environmental impacts, climate change, and the implications of scale. This research, therefore, contributes to the information upon which development policy-makers and practitioners – government, development organisations and private sector actors – can base effective and sustainable development policy and practice.</p>

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change on Outdoor Workers and their Safety: Some Research Priorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moda ◽  
Filho ◽  
Minhas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Outdoor Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The literature on the potential impacts of climate change on the health of outdoor workers has received limited attention as a whole, and in sub-Saharan African countries in particular. Yet, substantial numbers of workers are experiencing the health effects of elevated temperature, in combination with changes in precipitation patterns, climate extremes and the effects of air pollution, which have a potential impact on their safety and wellbeing. With increased temperatures within urban settlements and frequent heats waves, there has been a sudden rise in the occurrence of heat-related illness leading to higher levels of mortality, as well as other adverse health impacts. This paper discusses the impacts of extreme heat exposure and health concerns among outdoor workers, and the resultant impacts on their productivity and occupational safety in tropical developing countries with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a dearth of such studies. Aside from the direct effects caused by extreme heat exposure, other indirect health hazards associated with increasing heat among this group includes exposures to hazardous chemicals and other vector-borne diseases. In addition, reduced work capacity in heat-exposed jobs will continue to rise and hinder economic and social development in such countries. There is an urgent need for further studies around the health and economic impacts of climate change in the workplace, especially in tropical developing countries, which may guide the implementation of the measures needed to address the problem.

scholarly journals Democratization in Africa: The development condition revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Manuel Couret Branco
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Global Development ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Democratic Development

In the middle of the twentieth century S.M. Lipset sustained that various indicators of economic development were higher in democratic countries than in authoritarian ones, suggesting that development was a condition to democracy. More recently, though, several authors have shown that there is no strong empirical evidence confirming development as a condition to democracy, suggesting in turn that the economic is not as important in democratization as it seemed in the 1950s. Despite this fact, there are some clues that indicate that economic factors do play an important role in democratization, but in a way different than that proposed by Lipset. In this article a revision of literature on some economic obstacles to democratization in Africa is carried out, its main conclusion being that underdevelopment decisively contributes to the difficulties many African countries experience in democratizing and consolidating democracy. One should not mistake underdevelopment with un-development though, the latter being the mere absence or delay in development and the former a specific supporting role given to developing countries within the global development process. The article’s general conclusion, therefore, is that democratic development is not a question of getting richer, i.e. intensifying the development model, as much as of reforming this same model. Resumo Nos meados do século XX, S.M. Lipset afirma que vários indicadores de desenvolvimento económico são mais altos em países democráticos do que em países autoritários, sugerindo que o desenvolvimento é uma condição para a democracia. Mais recentemente, vários autores sustentam que não existem evidências empíricas que confirmem o desenvolvimento como condição para a democracia, sugerindo, por sua vez, que a economia não é tão importante na democratização como aparentava ser durante a década de 50. Apesar disso, existem algumas evidências que indicam que os fatores económicos desempenham um papel importante na democratização, mas de forma diferente da proposta por Lipset. Neste artigo é feita uma revisão da literatura sobre alguns obstáculos económicos à democratização na África, e a sua principal conclusão é que o subdesenvolvimento contribui decisivamente para as dificuldades que muitos países africanos enfrentam na democratização e consolidação da democracia. Não se deve confundir subdesenvolvimento com des-desenvolvimento, sendo este último a mera ausência ou atraso no desenvolvimento e o primeiro um papel de apoio específico dado aos países em vias desenvolvimento no processo de desenvolvimento global. A conclusão geral do artigo, portanto, é que o desenvolvimento democrático não é uma questão de enriquecimento, ou seja, de intensificar o modelo de desenvolvimento, mas de reformar esse mesmo modelo.

Poor People on the Front Line: The Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty in 2030

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Rozenberg ◽  
Stéphane Hallegatte
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Pessimistic Scenario ◽  
Future Economic Development ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The impacts of climate change on poverty depend on the magnitude of climate change, but also on socio-economic trends. An analysis of hundreds of baseline scenarios for future economic development shows that the drivers of poverty eradication differ across countries. In this chapter, two representative scenarios are selected from these hundreds, one optimistic and one pessimistic regarding poverty. Results from sector analyses of climate change impacts—in agriculture, health, and natural disasters—are introduced in the two scenarios. By 2030, climate change is found to have a significant impact on poverty. But the magnitude of these impacts depends on development choices. In the optimistic scenario with rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development, climate change increases poverty by between 3 million and 16 million in 2030. The increase in poverty reaches between 35 million and 122 million if development is delayed and less inclusive in the pessimistic scenario.

Tourism Marketing in Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 802-816
Author(s):  
Nermeen Atef Ahmed Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
The World

Tourism is an attractive tool for economic development, especially in the developing world because tourism industry is considered as one of the largest and the most diverse industries in the world and it is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economic. Many countries are seeking a way to improve their economic conditions; they see tourism as a major source of income, employment, and development of economic. The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) researches assesses that the Travel & Tourism industry's contribution to GDP and jobs for 184 countries and 24 regions and economic groups in the world1.

Law and Development in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Unexpected Outcome

Abstract Economic development is the term that has been associated with less developed countries in the Third World (“developing countries”), not the economically advanced countries (“developed countries”), such as the United States. However, the changing economic conditions in recent decades, such as the widening income gaps among individual citizens and regions within developed countries, stagnant economic growth deepening economic polarization, and an institutional incapacity to deal with these issues, render the concept of economic development relevant to the assessment of the economic problems in developed countries. In the United States, these economic problems caused a significant political consequence such as the unexpected outcome of the presidential election in 2016. This article examines the applicability of the legal and institutional approaches, which were originally adopted to stimulate economic development in successful developing countries, to the economic problems in the United States.

Climate Change and the Challenges for Developing Countries in the Implementation of the Human Right to a Healthy Environment: Case of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-254
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hong Yen ◽  
Nguyen Phuong Dung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Climate change is becoming the largest crisis that humans have ever faced and a major challenge to the socio-economic and prosperous development of almost every country in the world, especially developing countries. According to the Report of the 2019 Long-Term Climate Risk Index of Germanwatch, Vietnam is rated as one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to the impacts of climate change due to factors such as its geographic location, economic development model and population density. The negative impacts of climate change have become barriers for Vietnam in implementing socio-economic development policies, sustainable development goals and human rights, including the right to a healthy environment. This article will focus on clarifying the legal basis as well as the direct challenges of climate change in ensuring the right to a healthy environment in Vietnam and will recommend appropriate solutions to improve the law and capacity to enforce this right in Vietnam.

EMPIRICAL EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A CHINESE LOCAL PERSPECTIVE

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650003 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOHONG HE ◽  
XI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Active Region ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
The U.S

It is a common belief that entrepreneurship active regions tend to have better economic development. This paper aims to examine what changes have occurred on a region’s social, physical (e.g. air, water, soil or health that can affect human physical survival) and economic conditions during a large scale regional entrepreneurial development. Focusing on the entrepreneurially active region, Zhejiang Province of China, the study finds mixed results based on the published statistics by the Chinese Government and information from the U.S. satellite data during the 1980–2010 timeframe. The findings may have policy implications for China’s further progress, as well as for the progress of other developing countries.

scholarly journals Integrated Use of Local and Technical Soil Quality Indicators and Participatory Techniques to Select Them. A Review of Bibliography and Analysis of Research Strategies and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Greta Braidotti ◽  
Maria De Nobili ◽  
Lucia Piani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Participatory Techniques ◽  
Successful Approach

Climate change has strong impacts on soil conservation and agricultural productivity, with severe consequences on smallholders in developing countries, but virtually no research has been carried out so far on this issue. Therefore, it is necessary to foster the implementation of participatory projects to help communities deal with new difficulties. Sustainable soil management can reduce and even reverse land degradation, helping farmers to adapt to climate change effects. Progress toward sustainability cannot be implemented in small rural communities regardless of local knowledge, which can be addressed using participatory techniques. To this purpose the choice and use of indicators is essential to carry out correct assessments of soil vulnerability integrating local and technical knowledge. The purpose of this review was to study how the problem of building a set of integrated indicators to assess soil quality has been addressed so far and which participatory techniques have been more successfully employed, analyzing studies carried out in rural communities of developing countries. We found out that there is a lack of participated studies dealing with environmental issues. Those that do so address them only indirectly, being centered on present agricultural problems. The studies rarely feature a collaboration with social science experts, consequently the use of participatory techniques lacks protocols and a standardized nomenclature to help in the transfer and generalization of experiences. Women are rarely involved and nearly exclusively in African countries: this could be related to social and cultural conditions, but needs more attention. Different aspects need to be improved to help the implementation of a successful approach in future projects. This review provides a tool to facilitate future interdisciplinary research on integration of local and scientific knowledge and will help to devise more successful strategies to tackle the challenges posed by climate change to smallholders in developing countries.

scholarly journals Development trends of the current global economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Viktoriia DERHACHOVA ◽  
Viktoriia HOLIUK ◽  
Oleksandr ZGHUROVSKYI
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World

Nowadays modern economics is going through a lot of changes, that makes Ukrainian businessmen track its all current trends to support the necessary level of competitiveness on the world market. The purpose of the paper is to research the current trends of the global economy and identify its prospects. The study has brought the following results. The authors identified that among the most significant trends that determine the future of the global economy are the following: economic convergence, globalization, changes in the ranking of economic growth leaders in favor of Asian countries, the growth of cryptocurrency markets, constant growth of the global debt, changes in the demographic map in favor of African countries. China, which has been considered to be the major driver of global economic development for the last decade, will gradually lose its positions to India. The article points out that today we can observe a phenomenon of economic convergence, which approximates level of economic development of different countries through faster growth rates of gross domestic products in developing countries compared to developed countries. The main causes of economic convergence include globalization, which has contributed to the spread of know-how, decline in the working-age population in developed countries compared to the rest of the world, increase in labor productivity in developing countries, and redistribution of the labor force of these countries toward higher productivity sectors. The study identifies the prospects for modifying the economic map of the world based on the following factors: increase in the rate of development of Asian economies, population growth and urbanization of certain countries in Asia and Africa, slowdown in the economic development of developed countries and the aging of European nations. The article identifies that all of these trends take place in the framework of the fourth industrial revolution, which largely determines these changes, shaping the sectoral and geographical structure of the global economic development and employment.

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