scholarly journals Cardiovascular Imaging in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Leonie Scholtz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Coronary Cta ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Role Players ◽  
Very High

Approximately 17 million people die every year from cardiovascular disease or stroke. South Africa has a very high incidence of ischemic heart disease. We have access to superb diagnostic tools that enable us to play a pivotal role in the non-invasive diagnosis of heart disease. I believe the time is ripe for renewed discussions between the role players (the RSSA, cardiologists, radiologists and the reimbursing companies) in order to elevate coronary CTA and CMR to the level where they belong: undoubtedly enormously valuable diagnostic tools which are currently shamelessly underutilized, to the detriment of many patients who have an enhanced chance of dying of a cardiovascular condition as a result of being investigated by inferior and/or invasive tests.

scholarly journals Selection of non-invasive load procedure in diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (review)

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Lupanov
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Careful Clinical Examination ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Pretest Probability

The diagnosis of stable ischemic heart disease begins with a careful clinical examination of the patient and non-invasive testing to identify the disease. Patients with very low and very high pretest probability should not undergo various non-invasive tests. Various non-invasive tests are available to assess the presence of coronary heart disease in patients with an intermediate probability of ischemic heart disease (15–65%). The combination of anatomical with functional non-invasive tests helps improve diagnostic capabili of the disease.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence in medical imaging: A radiomic guide to precision phenotyping of cardiovascular disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (13) ◽  
pp. 2040-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos K Oikonomou ◽  
Musib Siddique ◽  
Charalambos Antoniades
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Imaging ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Rapid technological advances in non-invasive imaging, coupled with the availability of large data sets and the expansion of computational models and power, have revolutionized the role of imaging in medicine. Non-invasive imaging is the pillar of modern cardiovascular diagnostics, with modalities such as cardiac computed tomography (CT) now recognized as first-line options for cardiovascular risk stratification and the assessment of stable or even unstable patients. To date, cardiovascular imaging has lagged behind other fields, such as oncology, in the clinical translational of artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches. We hereby review the current status of AI in non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, using cardiac CT as a running example of how novel machine learning (ML)-based radiomic approaches can improve clinical care. The integration of ML, deep learning, and radiomic methods has revealed direct links between tissue imaging phenotyping and tissue biology, with important clinical implications. More specifically, we discuss the current evidence, strengths, limitations, and future directions for AI in cardiac imaging and CT, as well as lessons that can be learned from other areas. Finally, we propose a scientific framework in order to ensure the clinical and scientific validity of future studies in this novel, yet highly promising field. Still in its infancy, AI-based cardiovascular imaging has a lot to offer to both the patients and their doctors as it catalyzes the transition towards a more precise phenotyping of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Time Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Across the BRICS

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 790-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Zou ◽  
Karly Cini ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Yinghua Ma ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) are emerging economies making up almost half the global population. We analyzed trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality across the BRICS and associations with age, period, and birth cohort. Methods: Mortality estimates were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. We used age-period-cohort modeling to estimate cohort and period effects in CVD between 1992 and 2016. Period was defined as survey year, and period effects reflect population-wide exposure at a circumscribed point in time. Cohort effects are defined as differences in risks across birth cohort. Net drift (overall annual percentage change), local drift (annual percentage change in each age group), longitudinal age curves (expected longitudinal age-specific rate), and period (cohort) relative risks were calculated. Results: In 2016, there were 8.4 million CVD deaths across the BRICS. Between 1992 and 2016, the reduction in CVD age-standardized mortality rate in BRICS (−17%) was less than in North America (−39%). Eighty-eight percent of the increased number of all-cause deaths resulted from the increase in CVD deaths. The age-standardized mortality rate from stroke and hypertensive heart disease declined by approximately one-third across the BRICS, whereas ischemic heart disease increased slightly (2%). Brazil had the largest age-standardized mortality rate reductions across all CVD categories, with improvement both over time and in recent birth cohorts. South Africa was the only country where the CVD age-standardized mortality rate increased. Different age-related CVD mortality was seen in those ≥50 years of age in China, ≤40 years of age in Russia, 35 to 60 years of age in India, and ≥55 years of age in South Africa. Improving period and cohort risks for CVD mortality were generally found across countries, except for worsening period effects in India and greater risks for ischemic heart disease in Chinese cohorts born in the 1950s and 1960s. Conclusions: Except for Brazil, reductions of CVD mortality across the BRICS have been less than that in North America, such that China, India, and South Africa contribute an increasing proportion of global CVD deaths. Brazil’s example suggests that prevention policies can both reduce the risks for younger birth cohorts and shift the risks for all age groups over time.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular imaging in South Africa: Is the heartache easing?

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Scholtz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cardiovascular Imaging ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Sub Saharan

There is an escalation in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The radiology community of South Africa plays an important role in curbing this epidemic. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is now regarded as a very important tool in our diagnostic armamentarium, and in this issue some of the established applications, as well as exciting new developments, are discussed.

scholarly journals Very High Coronary Artery Calcium (≥1000) and Association With Cardiovascular Disease Events, Non–Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes, and Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (16) ◽  
pp. 1571-1583
Author(s):  
Allison W. Peng ◽  
Zeina A. Dardari ◽  
Roger S. Blumenthal ◽  
Omar Dzaye ◽  
Olufunmilayo H. Obisesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Adverse Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
Very High

Background: There are limited data on the unique cardiovascular disease (CVD), non-CVD, and mortality risks of primary prevention individuals with very high coronary artery calcium (CAC; ≥1000), especially compared with rates observed in secondary prevention populations. Methods: Our study population consisted of 6814 ethnically diverse individuals 45 to 84 years of age who were free of known CVD from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), a prospective, observational, community-based cohort. Mean follow-up time was 13.6±4.4 years. Hazard ratios of CAC ≥1000 were compared with both CAC 0 and CAC 400 to 999 for CVD, non-CVD, and mortality outcomes with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, sex, and traditional risk factors. Using a sex-adjusted logarithmic model, we calculated event rates in MESA as a function of CAC and compared them with those observed in the placebo group of stable secondary prevention patients in the FOURIER clinical trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk). Results: Compared with CAC 400 to 999, those with CAC ≥1000 (n=257) had a greater mean number of coronary vessels with CAC (3.4±0.5), greater total area of CAC (586.5±275.2 mm 2 ), similar CAC density, and more extensive extracoronary calcification. After full adjustment, CAC ≥1000 demonstrated a 4.71- (3.63–6.11), 7.57- (5.50–10.42), 4.86-(3.32–7.11), and 1.94-fold (1.57–2.41) increased risk for all CVD events, all coronary heart disease events, hard coronary heart disease events, and all-cause mortality, respectively, compared with CAC 0 and a 1.65- (1.25–2.16), 1.66- (1.22–2.25), 1.51- (1.03–2.23), and 1.34-fold (1.05–1.71) increased risk compared with CAC 400 to 999. With increasing CAC, hazard ratios increased for all event types, with no apparent upper CAC threshold. CAC ≥1000 was associated with a 1.95- (1.57–2.41) and 1.43-fold (1.12–1.83) increased risk for a first non-CVD event compared with CAC 0 and CAC 400 to 999, respectively. CAC 1000 corresponded to an annualized 3-point major adverse cardiovascular event rate of 3.4 per 100 person-years, similar to that of the total FOURIER population (3.3) and higher than those of the lower-risk FOURIER subgroups. Conclusions: Individuals with very high CAC (≥1000) are a unique population at substantially higher risk for CVD events, non-CVD outcomes, and mortality than those with lower CAC, with 3-point major adverse cardiovascular event rates similar to those of a stable treated secondary prevention population. Future guidelines should consider a less distinct stratification algorithm between primary and secondary prevention patients in guiding aggressive preventive pharmacotherapy.

scholarly journals Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan tentang Penyakit Jantung Koroner pada Lansia di Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan Rawasari

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Marta Suri
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Preventive Effort ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Coronary heart disease is caused by various factors that can cause an increase in the incidence / deposits of cholesterol which narrow the vessels in the whole body including the coronary vessels. Coronary heart disease has become the leading cause of death in Indonesia. According to WHO in 2005, the number of deaths from cardiovascular disease (especially coronary heart disease, stroke, and rheumatic heart disease) increased globally to 17.5 million from 14.4 million in 1990. The results of the situation have been obtained from RT 12 KelurahanRawasariKecamatanAlamBarajo, Jambi City, in this sub-districthealth services such as Intregated Service Post (Posyandu) have been established. However, there is no scheduled health education as a promotive and preventive effort to overcome the problem of the high incidence of people experiencing heart disease. The results of health education activities for the elderly are expected to understand the concept of nursing problems that cause coronary heart disease

Cardiovascular imaging in Turner syndrome: state-of-the-art practice across the lifespan

Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (22) ◽  
pp. 1823-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian H Mortensen ◽  
Luciana Young ◽  
Julie De Backer ◽  
Michael Silberbach ◽  
Ronnie Thomas Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Incidence

Cardiovascular imaging is essential to providing excellent clinical care for girls and women with Turner syndrome (TS). Congenital and acquired cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of the lifelong increased risk of premature death in TS. Non-invasive cardiovascular imaging is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment planning, and a systematic and targeted imaging approach should combine echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance and, in select cases, cardiac CT. In recent decades, evidence has mounted for the need to perform cardiovascular imaging in all females with TS irrespective of karyotype and phenotype. This is due to the high incidence of outcome-determining lesions that often remain subclinical and occur in patterns specific to TS. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art cardiovascular imaging practice in TS, by means of a review of the most recent literature, in the context of a recent consensus statement that has highlighted the role of cardiovascular diseases in these females.

scholarly journals The Clinical Impact of Echocardiography on Patients in Tertiary Centres in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Direct Result

Globally cardiovascular disease, commonly referred to as heart disease or stroke, is the number 1 cause of death with one in three deaths being as a direct result of cardiovascular diseases ,claiming nearly 17.7million lives every year [1].

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