scholarly journals A theoretical reflection on the implications of the philosophy of technology for classroompedagogy

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Ankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Research Question ◽  
School Level ◽  
Instructional Approaches ◽  
Object Knowledge ◽  
Departure Point ◽  
Philosophical Framework

Learning programmes for technology education and its facilitation at chalk leveloften lack a scientifically founded, subject-based, philosophical framework. Matters arecomplicated by the fact that technology at school level is globally a developing subject withno existing equivalent academic discipline which can serve as a source of curriculumdevelopment and classroom pedagogy to rely upon in practice. The purpose of the article wasto do an investigation into a philosophical framework of technology that can be directive toclassroom pedagogy. The following research questions served as a departure point for thetheoretical reflection that underpinned the article, namely, (1) which aspects of a scientificallyfounded philosophical framework of technology can be directive to classroom pedagogy and(2) what are the implications of a philosophical framework of technology for specific aspectsof classroom pedagogy, for example instructional approaches, learning outcomes and learningcontent? In answer to the first research question, it was found that a philosophical frameworkof technology, based on the four modes of the manifestation of technology – namely as object,knowledge, activity, and volition – can be directive to classroom pedagogy. The teacher’schoice of learning outcomes, broad instructional approaches, strategies and skills, as well as thetypes of conceptual and procedural knowledge that should be taught, is closely related to thephilosophical underpinning of technology as phenomenon. In answer to the second researchquestion, teachers’ knowledge and understanding of a philosophical framework of technologycan support the specific choices that they must make regarding the learning outcomes, broadinstructional approaches, strategies and skills, as well as the types of conceptual and proceduralknowledge that should be taught – and hence become directive to classroom practice.

scholarly journals ’n Teoretiese besinning oor die implikasies van die filosofie van tegnologie vir kriteria vir vakkurrikulumontwikkeling en -evaluering

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Ankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Object Knowledge ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Technology Classroom ◽  
Philosophical Framework ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

Technology education is globally still relatively new, and it lacks a substantive research base, a well-established classroom pedagogy and a scientifically founded, subject-based philosophical framework that may serve as a directive for related aspects. Technology is also a developing school subject with no equivalent academic discipline upon which curriculum development and classroom pedagogy may rely. The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for Technology in the Senior Phase was officially implemented in 2014. However, responses to the intended or specified curriculum, either positive or negative, are often elicited from various stakeholders and interest groups. In the absence of philosophical-founded criteria for the development and evaluation of an intended technology curriculum, it is often unclear whether such responses are justified. Subsequently it is impossible to make fair judgments about such subject curricula. Based on Mitcham’s framework, the literature reports on a philosophical framework that is directive for technology classroom pedagogy, technology teacher education and Science, Technology and Society Studies (STS). The purpose of the article is to investigate how a scientifically founded, philosophical framework of technology can be directive for the development and evaluation of the intended technology curricula. The following research question served as point of departure for the theoretical reflection: Based on the four modes of the manifestation of technology – namely as object, knowledge, activity, and volition – which scientifically founded criteria can be deduced to be applied as part of the development and evaluation of intended technology curricula? In answering the research question it is important to point out that curriculum developers and evaluators should ensure that they take note of the philosophical framework for technology which guides subject-curriculum development and evaluation. A fourfold set of applicable criteria, based on the four manifestations of technology, have been deduced accordingly.

After the Blackbird Whistles: Listening to Silence in Classrooms

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2833-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Schultz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Student Talk ◽  
The Individual

Background/Context Students spend a large part of their time in schools in silence. However, teachers tend to spend most of their time attending to student talk. Anthropological and linguistic research has contributed to an understanding of silence in particular communities, offering explanations for students’ silence in school. This research raised questions about the silence of marginalized groups of students in classrooms, highlighting teachers’ role in this silencing and drawing on limited meanings of silence. More recently, research on silence has conceptualized silence as a part of a continuum. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The purpose of this project was to review existing literature and draw on two longitudinal research studies to understand the functions and uses of silence in everyday classroom practice. I explore the question, How might paying attention to the productivity of student silence and the possibilities it contains add to our understanding of student silence in educational settings? Silence holds multiple meanings for individuals within and across racial, ethnic, and cultural groups. However, in schools, silence is often assigned a limited number of meanings. This article seeks to add to educators’ and researchers’ tools for interpreting classroom silence. Research Design The article is based on two longitudinal qualitative studies. The first was an ethnographic study of the literacy practices of high school students in a multiracial high school on the West Coast. This study was designed with the goal of learning about adolescents’ literacy practices in and out of school during their final year of high school and in their first few years as high school graduates. The second study documents discourses of race and race relations in a postdesegregated middle school. The goal of this 3-year study was to gather the missing student perspectives on their racialized experiences in school during the desegregation time period. Conclusions/Recommendations Understanding the role of silence for the individual and the class as a whole is a complex process that may require new ways of conceptualizing listening. I conclude that an understanding of the meanings of silence through the practice of careful listening and inquiry shifts a teacher's practice and changes a teacher's understanding of students’ participation. I suggest that teachers redefine participation in classrooms to include silence.

Understanding Unfulfilled AP Potential Across the Participation Pipeline by Race and Income

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Awilda Rodriguez ◽  
Esmeralda Hernandez-Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
School Level ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Recommendations

Background/Context Each year, large shares of students who could do well in Advanced Placement courses and exams—known as AP potential students—do not participate, particularly students of color and low-income students. There are a number of prevailing reasons, both structural (schools do not offer the courses, or teachers do not accurately identify students) and as well as student- centered (lack of motivation, conflicts with other activities, or lack of self-efficacy). Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study seeks to empirically test these common reasons for foregoing AP participation with the following research questions: How are student and school characteristics related to the probabilities of students attending a high school that offers a corresponding course, enrolling in the course, and taking the exam? To what extent are explanations such as students’ constraints on time, lack of motivation, or lack of self-efficacy related to the probability of AP course- and exam-taking, net of student- and school-level measures? How well do AP potential estimates align with teacher recommendations into advanced coursework? We focused on differences across race and class throughout. Research Design We define AP potential as a 60% percent probability or better of receiving at least a 3 on an AP exam in either math or English. Using a nationally representative sample of sophomores in 2002 whom we identified as having AP potential, we answered the first research question with a sequential logit. We then used postestimation commands in Stata to examine motivation, hours working, hours in extracurricular activities, and measures of English and math self-efficacy to address the second research question. For the third research question, we modeled the probability of student misidentification—or the probability that the teacher of a student with AP potential will not identify them for honors or AP courses—using a logit. Conclusions/Recommendations We found that large shares of students did not fulfill their AP potential, which varied by student background and subject area. We did not find support for many of the student-centered reasons for forgoing AP, such as lack of motivation and constraints on time due to work or extra-curricular activities. We did find, however, that teacher identification and academic self-efficacy mattered to AP course- and exam-taking, especially for marginalized students, suggesting viable policy and practice levers to improve equitable AP participation. We discuss implications for policy, practice, and research.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Experimental Method in Teaching Motion Topic at Senior High School Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Riskawati R ◽  
Dewi Hikmah Marisda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Experimentation is one of the learning process activities that is very instrumental in increasing the success of the teaching and learning process, especially in science subjects. Learning methods with practicum can be used as alternative learning that can encourage students to learn independently and actively so that they can reconstruct their learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effect of the experimental method on student physics learning outcomes. The type of research used is true experimental research with posttest only control design. The population in this study were students of X-MIA 9 grade at SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. Samples were taken by cluster random sampling technique, obtained X-MIA 9 as the experimental class 1 and X-MIA 6 as the control class, with each consisting of 28 students. Learning outcomes obtained by students 'physics show a comparison of the scores of students' physics learning outcomes taught by using the dominant experimental method in the medium category while the results of the physics learning outcomes for students taught by using the discussion method as conventional learning dominant are in the low category. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that learning by using the experimental method can affect students' physics learning outcomes..Keywords: Experimental Method, Physics Learning OutcomesEksperimen merupakan salah satu kegiatan proses pembelajaran yang sangat berperan dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan proses belajar mengajar khususnya dalam mata pelajaran sains. Metode pembelajaran dengan praktikum dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pembelajaran yang dapat mendorong peserta didik untuk belajar mandiri dan aktif sehingga dapat merekonstruksi hasil belajarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode eksperimen terhadap hasil belajar fisika peserta didik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian true eksperimen dengan desain posttest only control design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X-MIA 9 SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. Sampel diambil dengan teknik cluster random sampling, diperoleh X-MIA 9 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dan X-MIA 6 sebagai kelas kontrol, dengan masing-masing terdiri dari 28 peserta didik. Hasil belajar yang diperoleh fisika peserta didik memperlihatkan perbandingan skor hasil belajar fisika peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dominan berada pada kategori sedang sedangkan hasil skor hasil belajar fisika peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode diskusi sebagai pembelajaran konvensional dominan berada pada kategori rendah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar fisika peserta didik.Kata kunci: Metode Eksperimen, Hasil Belajar Fisika

scholarly journals Principal-Led State Evaluation Policy: Teacher Perceptions at Four High Schools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Frasier
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Teacher Perceptions ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
State Level ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
School Level ◽  
Evaluation Policy ◽  
Teacher Evaluation Policy

While policy makers have attempted to standardize teacher evaluation, policy is implemented and enacted by school administrators. This study addresses the following question: Considering the legislative efforts to remove control of evaluation from local figures, do teachers perceive school principals as influencing the implementation of state-level evaluation policy and, if so, in what ways? I examined interviews from 14 teachers across four high schools within a district in North Carolina derived from a larger mixed method case study of teacher perceptions of evaluation policy and classroom practice. The results suggest a state-centralized teacher evaluation policy, such as the one utilized at the time of this study, can look vastly different to teachers at the school-level due to principal enactment of the policy. Furthermore, the data suggest the following themes influenced policy implementation: the capacity of principals to evaluate in a timely manner, what a principal chooses to value in a policy, and the perceived effectiveness of a principal as an evaluator of teaching. By taking a closer look at what is happening “on the ground” between teachers and principals in four schools utilizing the same state-level evaluation policy, the lessons learned in this study can help inform future policies.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN E-LEARNING, LINGKUNGAN TEMAN SEBAYA, DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Haikal Firmansah Anas Pratama ◽  
Sandy Arief
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
E Learning

<p><span class="fontstyle0">This study aims to examine the influence of the use of e-learning, peer group and learning motivation towards learning outcomes of Accounting in class X Accounting of SMK Hidayah Semarang. The sample of this study was students of class X Accounting SMK Hidayah Semarang with total of 41 students. A self-administered questionnaires and multiple regression analysis were used to test the research question. In addition, the results showed that there is a positive and significant effect both simultaneously and partially from the use of e-learning, peer group and learning motivation towards learning outcomes in class X Accounting at SMK Hidayah Semarang. The improvement and intensity in using e-learning strategies, teacher's attention to the students’ peer environment specifically on cooperation and competition among students, and students' intelligence in interacting and establishing fair cooperation in the academic context with their peers are very important factors towards learning outcomes</span></p><p><strong><em> <span class="fontstyle0">Keywords: learning outcomes; e-learning; peer group; motivation</span> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em></em><br /></strong></p>

scholarly journals The Life and Death of the Supermarket:  How Food Trade Infrastructure Affects the  Design of Architectural and Urban Settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mathew Lee
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Departure Point ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Urban Market ◽  
The City

<p>Historically food has played an important role in how cities are shaped. The modern city is no exception to this, yet it holds an abstracted relationship to the hinterlands that feed it (Steel: 2008), thus giving the perception (particularly in Western cities) that constant food supply to the city is a given right. The problem of feeding cities still remains a challenge (Diamond: 2005), one that, in combination with an ever increasing scarcity of fossil fuels, has led to a emerging tide of urbanism looking to bring localised food back to prominence in the city. More so, investigating building infrastructure to mass produce food in cities themselves: the return to a city state model. A consequence of this is also a move towards a more resource sustainable city framework. However, there is little discussion around how this new food urbanism will be structured within the city, and conversely, how it will structure the city. The most prominent architectural/urban typology which represents food in the city currently is that of the supermarket building, a type which has evolved from the urban market but has shed its civic role (Steel: 2008). This is further characterised by the common use of the private motor vehicle to access the supermarkets site. What if we were to amputate the car from the supermarket? Would we return to the urban market as the defining food space typology in the city? Or would food space be embodied in a new formal language? Primary Research Question(s): How can we track the implications of food (supply, demand, requirements) for the contemporary Western city through a supermarket typology? Secondary Research Questions: How does food culture and its resulting space enhance the urban public sphere (i.e. the vitality of the city)? Methodology Using the analysis model of design (institutionalised/autonomous design process) versus nondesign (overlapping of cultural systems in which design is one of these) laid out by Diana Agrest in 1974 as an analysis departure point; the research will investigate the historical and contemporary role of food markets in cities. The supermarket typology will form the basis for how food exchange related design affects urban fabric build-up in Western cities. Through links in the literature review, as well as empirically based evidence, I draw through extrapolations of how a food market driven city might conduct urban change. This may nurture a more direct relationship to its surrounding geography (e.g. the hinterland) and the food sources needed to feed it. Empirical analysis has been conducted on what might typify a vibrant and civically significant urban market to counteract the research into supermarket typologies. The Queen Victoria Market in Melbourne, Australia, has been selected as this case study. There is an assumption that there are qualities instilled in urban markets which have more positive effects for urban environments than that of supermarkets. Thus, through looking at these environments it may be possible to tease out new directions for solidifying the prominence of food in the city once more.</p>

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Online Learning Implementation in Topic Dynamic Electricity during the Covid-19 Pandemic at Junior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Habibbulloh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Student Response ◽  
School Level

his study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of online learning on dynamic electricity topics carried out in junior high schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. Effectiveness is seen from the completeness of learning outcomes, obstacles faced during learning, and student responses to online learning. The research method used in this research is quantitative descriptive with one group pre-test post-test design. The sample used in this study were 64 junior high school students in one of the state junior high schools in Lamongan Regency, East Java. The results of the research obtained were that the average completeness of student learning on dynamic electricity material with an online learning model was very low (below the minimum completeness standards), analysis of the N-Gain value gets a value of 0.23 and is categorized as low. Statistical analysis with the help of SPSS 22 shows that the sample is normally distributed and hypothesis testing shows that online learning has no effect on increasing the value of student learning outcomes. There were many obstacles during the online learning process even though solutions had been given but there were not resolved properly, one of the obstacles was the need real lab. Student response to online learning is quite positive 63%. The conclusion of this study is that online learning is not effective enough to be used at the junior high school level and improvements are still needed in terms of facilities and infrastructure.

Abstract Improving Students’ Mathematic Achievement By Using Task Method At The Third Grade Students In Sd Negeri 07 Pinang Sebatang Barat, Kecamatan Tualang Kabupaten Siak In Academic Year 2015/2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Hindun Hindun
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
School Level ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academic Year

Elementary school level, basic skills, reading, writing and arithmetic are given on the subjects of mathematics and Indonesian language.Math and Indonesian lessons are very useful and fundamental lessons.But the condition of learning in class III SDN 07 Pinang Sebatang Barat these two subjects have not achieved maximum results.This is evident from the results of mathematics and Indonesian replication given only 10 students (42%) of 32 students the total number of students in class III SDN 07 pinang a western trunk that get the value in accordance with KKM.Berarti than 50% of students' mathematics learning results are still below minimum completeness criteria (KKM), which has been determined by the school.The KKM has been determined by the school for mathematics ≥ 60, while the Indonesian language is ≥ 65 Based on the identification and analysis of the above problems found many problems: 1) is giving task method can improve learning outcomes of mathematics to the subject of simple fractions in Class III SD Negeri 07 Pinang Sebatang Barat Kecamatan Tualang in Academic Year 2015/2016? 2) Does the process skills approach can improve learning outcomes Indonesian Listen to the story on the subject of the third grade students of SDN 07 Pinang Sebatang Barat Kecamatan Tualang in academic year 2015/2016? As subject in this Classroom Action research is a third grade students of SD Negeri 0 7Pinang SebatangKecamatan Tualang Siak in the academic year 201 5/201 6 with the total number of students 32 people consisting of 18 male students - male and 18 female students with ability to understand the different subjects.This study uses learning tools consisting of: syllabus, learning implementation plan (RPP), Student Worksheet (LKS), and further training. The conclusion that: 1) Application of the method of assignment in the learning process can improve the results of teaching and learning mathematics at third grade students of SD Negeri 07 Pinang Sebatang Barat Kecamatan Tualang in academic Year 201 5/201 6, with the average results of students in cycle 1 reaches 63, 78 and in cycle 2 reaches 70.78. 2) Implementation other Method in the learning process can improve student Indonesian learning outcomes at third grade students in SD Negeri 07 Pinang Sebatang Barat Kecamatan Tualang in academic year 2015/2016, with the average student learning outcomes in cycle 1 reached 64.06 and in cycle 2 reaches 71.71.

The Role of Single-Sex Education in the Academic Engagement of College-Bound Women: A Multilevel Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Linda J. Sax ◽  
Tiffani A. Riggers ◽  
M. Kevin Eagan
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Research Question ◽  
School Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Single Sex Education

Background/Context As opportunities for public and private single-sex education have expanded, the debate surrounding this issue has become more heated. Recent reviews of research on single-sex education have concluded that the evidence is mixed, due in large part to the difficulty of attributing differences between single-sex and coeducational students specifically to the single-sex nature of their experience, as opposed to other differences between single-sex and coeducational schools and their attendees. This study comes at a time of renewed national interest in the value and appropriateness of single-sex education, especially as changes to Title IX have expanded the opportunities to establish single-sex classes and activities, and contributes new data with a focus exclusively on the academic engagement of female students from single-sex and coeducational high schools. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study addresses whether levels of academic engagement differ between single-sex and coeducational settings. Research Design The study uses self-reported survey data and multilevel modeling to address secondary school-level effects in a national sample of women entering college. Findings/Results The analyses suggest that attendance at a single-sex high school remains a significant predictor of academic engagement even after controlling for the confounding role of student background characteristics, school-level features, and peer contexts within each school. Specifically, women attending all-girls high schools report higher levels of academic engagement across numerous fronts: studying individually or in groups, interacting with teachers, tutoring other students, and getting involved in student organizations. However, these results may also be attributed to other features that differentiate single-sex from coeducational schools, such as smaller enrollments and racial/ethnic diversity of the schools in this study. Conclusions/Recommendations Although the results of this study support the claims that all-female environments provide a unique opportunity for young women to thrive, these results should be interpreted with some caution. Because of the limitations of the study, it is difficult to make definitive inferences about the relationship between single-sex education and academic engagement, and we cannot assert with confidence that school gender alone is responsible for higher academic engagement. The study points the way for future research that further distinguishes the role of individual and school-level attributes and ideally examines this issue using longitudinal data. Finally, given the current expansion of single-sex education in the public schools, future research ought to employ these methodological advances in studies on single-sex public education and should consider the consequences of single-sex settings for both female and male students.

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