scholarly journals The functional properties, modification and utilization of whey proteins

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
B. G. Venter ◽  
A. E. J. McGill

Whey protein has an excellent nutritional value and exhibits a functional potential. In comparison with certain other food proteins, the whey protein content of essential amino acids is extremely favourable for human consumption. Depending on the heat-treatment history thereof, soluble whey proteins with utilizable functional properties, apart from high biological value, true digestibility, protein efficiency ratio and nett protein utilization, can be recovered. Various technological and chemical recovery processes have been designed. Chemically and enzymatically modified whey protein is manufactured to obtain technological and functional advantages. The important functional properties of whey proteins, namely hydration, gelation, emulsifying and foaming properties, are reviewed.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahya Maulu ◽  
Kundananji Nawanzi ◽  
Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab ◽  
Hala Saber Khalil

Fish is a relatively cheap and accessible source of animal protein for human consumption even in rural communities. It is critical for global food and nutrition security, and its consumption continues to increase. As a highly nutritious food, fish consumption is highly recommended for children and expectant mothers for normal growth and development. The present paper explores the nutritional value of fish as approach to nutrition in children and its benefits. The findings reveal that fish is a valuable source of essential amino acids (EAA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play important physiological functions for maintenance and development of fetuses, neonates, and infant brains. Therefore, it could be a valuable tool in the fight against food insecurity and malnutrition. However, fish and fish products are also highly susceptible to contamination by various organic and inorganic compounds that threaten public health. Particularly, heavy metals and biogenic amines (BAs) have shown adverse effects when contaminated fish is consumed, and the effects in children have been worse. Hence, while fish consumption is highly recommended for children's nutrition, the safety and quality of the product should always be checked to safeguard public health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1528-1540
Author(s):  
A. A. Ayat ◽  
K. A. Shakir

Collagen hydrolysates were obtained from catfish skin collagen hydrolysis using catfish collagenase, pepsin and trypsin individually and mixed for 15-300min. The degree of hydrolysis , antioxidant activity based on, DPPH radical-scavenging activity (RSA), and reducing power (RP) for all obtained hydro lysates were studied , then the collagenase hydrolysate was (CH)  was selected to be evaluated for  antibacterial activity , functional properties including solubility, emulsification and foaming  properties besides the toxicity  . The highest values for RSA (72.5%) has been noticed when DH reached (24.30%) after 30 min. of hydrolysis by collagenase (CH). The water and oil holding capacities for this hydro lysate was compared to that for ASC (acid soluble collagen and PSC (pepsin soluble collagen), the results showed that the values recorded by CH were significantly higher than ASC & PSC. The molecular weight of CH peptides ranged from 180 to 11 Da. as analyzed by SDS- PAGE.  The toxicity assay result revealed that CH is safe for human consumption. There was no antibacterial function for CH toward E.coli and S. aureus. At concentration of 2mg/ml. This study suggests that catfish collagen hydro lysate could be a good natural alternative for synthetic antioxidants in food industries.   


2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 557-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Di Zhang ◽  
Yong Pang ◽  
Zhi Jun Xu

The nutritional value and functional properties of corn germ protein hydrolysates was investigated. The amino acid profile of hydrolysates showed that there was an increase in the content of essential amino acids, His, Arg, Ile, Val and a decrease in Lys, Phe, Met when compared with the starting material. The low degree of hydrolysis (5.9%, 10.4%) improved the solubility at acid pH, WHC, OHC of corn germ protein isolates, but samples of high degree of hydrolysis (14.1%) was not significantly increased in WHC and OHC.


Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Garyfallia Kapravelou ◽  
Rosario Martínez ◽  
Jole Martino ◽  
Jesus M. Porres ◽  
Ignacio Fernández-Fígares

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is among the most cultivated legumes, with interesting agronomic and environmental properties, and great potential as a nutritious food. The nutritional value of cowpea can be improved by technological processing. In this study, we showed that natural fermentation improved bioavailability of protein, amino acids, and dietary essential minerals from cowpea in growing rats, thus strengthening its potential value as functional food or food supplement. Forty Wistar albino rats (48 ± 1.8 g), were fed one of four experimental diets (n = 10 rats per diet): casein, raw cowpea, fermented cowpea or fermented and autoclaved cowpea. Despite lower growth indices of raw and fermented cowpea protein (PER, FTI) than casein, fermentation enhanced apparent digestibility of arginine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine, and true digestibility of essential amino acids, except for tyrosine and valine, compared to raw cowpea. On the other hand, autoclaving of fermented cowpea flour decreased apparent, as did true digestibility of sulfur amino acids. Regarding the nutritive utilization of dietary essential minerals, Vigna unguiculata was a good source of available P, Mg, and K, while fermentation significantly improved the availability of P. Overall, cowpea was a good source of digestible essential amino acids and minerals and fermentation significantly improved its nutritional value that was not further enhanced by autoclaving.


Author(s):  
Gokul Shinde ◽  
Ranganathan Kumar ◽  
Sulaxana Kumari Chauhan ◽  
Gokul Shinde ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Subramanian ◽  
...  

Whey, a byproduct of cheese and whey manufacturing was considered as waste of dairy industry. There has been a continuous increase in dry whey production due to advances in processing technologies such as ultra filtration, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration process. High value whey based ingredients has received much more attention in food industry due to its exceptional functional and nutritional properties. It is an important source of bioactive peptides, essential amino acids, b-Lactoglobulin, Lactalbumin, Immunoglobulin, Lactoferrin. Whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI) and hydrolyzed whey protein (HWP) are the key products obtained from whey. Whey protein plays an important role in development of whey protein based functional food in addition to its therapeutic application. Whey protein extensively used as an antimicrobial in edible film and as protective material to improve shelf life of food. The purpose of this review to highlight the importance of whey protein as a source of new-generation functional ingredients in food industry.


2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 1008-1014
Author(s):  
Hui Ping Liu ◽  
Yong Hua Wei ◽  
Yi Wen Xu

The whey protein has a highly nutritional value but poor functional properties. Ultra-high pressure (UHP) is a new technology for food processing. It dose not cause environmental pollution and could maintain food nutrition as much as possible. The effects of applied pressure and treatment time on functional properties and conformation changes of whey protein isolated (WPI) treated by UHP were studied in present paper. The results indicated that WPI treated by UHP showed reduced solubility, foaming and emulsifying property with the increasing of applied pressure and prolonging of treatment time. For WPI treated at 400MPa for 15min, the 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonate (ANS) studies showed the increasing fluorescence regions when the applied pressure increased. The most fluorescence regions were exposed to aqueous solution for WPI treated at 400MPa for 5min, and degree of exposure reduced when treatment time was prolonged. With the increasing of applied pressure and prolonging of treatment time, the amino acid residues having ultraviolet absorbance showed the same change as hydrophobic group.


Author(s):  
R. Ribeiro-Santos ◽  
A. L. R. Souza ◽  
F. M. Trombete ◽  
N. R. Melo

<p>O soro de leite é um resíduo originado da indústria de laticínios, seu descarte é preocupante, considerando o apelo em relação à preservação do meio ambiente. Além disso, as proteínas do soro de leite são desperdiçadas como resíduo podendo, essas, serem utilizadas em diversas aplicações alimentícias devido aos seus e benefícios para a saúde, sendo uma excelente fonte de aminoácidos indispensáveis. O aproveitamento dessas proteínas é sugerido no enriquecimento ou desenvolvimento de novos produtos, inserindo-as na alimentação como uma forma nutritiva e sensorialmente aceita, além de uma alternativa para o gerenciamento do resíduo. Outra forma de aproveitamento dessas proteínas é na elaboração de embalagens de alimentos como os filmes e revestimentos comestíveis. Esses apresentam vantagens como: extensão da validade comercial e melhoria na qualidade nutricional dos alimentos, além disso, atuam na redução às embalagens sintéticas. Desta forma, essa revisão teve como objetivo elucidar as vantagens do aproveitamento do soro lácteo, bem como de suas proteínas, na elaboração ou enriquecimento de alimentos e principalmente na produção de embalagens biodegradáveis. O trabalho foi realizado por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa utilizando consultas a bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. O reaproveitando do soro de leite na elaboração de produtos como: bebidas lácteas, pães, e biscoitos é desejável uma vez os alimentos são nutricionalmente enriquecidos e inclui uma série de benefícios à saúde. E na produção de embalagens as proteínas apresentam vantagens como melhorias de qualidade nutricional e garantia de segurança do alimento, além do fato de poderem ser comestíveis e biodegradáveis.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Whey protein: use and application in the production of biodegradable packaging</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The whey is a residue of the dairy industry. The waste of whey is worrying appeal the regarding the preservation of the environment. Furthermore, the whey proteins are wasted as a residuum and may, however, be used in various food applications due to their health benefits, being an excellent source of essential amino acids. The use of these proteins is suggested mainly enrichment or developing new products, entering it in food as a form nutritious and sensory supports, and a viable alternative for the management of this waste. Another way to use the whey proteins is the preparation of food packaging, such as films and edible coating. The film and coating of whey protein have some advantage such as to extend shelf life and improve the nutritional quality of the food, furthermore, they reduce the use of synthetic packaging. This review aimed to report the advantages of the use of whey as well as their protein, in the development or enrichment of the food and production of biodegradable packaging. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach based on consultations with national and international databases. The reutilization of whey in the development of products such as milk drinks, breads, and cookies, it is desirable, once foods are nutritionally enriched and include a number of health benefits. And, in the production of packaging, the proteins have advantages as nutritional quality improvements and food safety assurance, beyond the fact that the packagings are biodegradable and it may be edible.</p>


Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Li ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Tianqi Li ◽  
Ling Ma ◽  
Dongxue Sun ◽  
...  

The effects of citric acid-mediated cross-linking under non-acidic conditions on the surface hydrophobicity, solubility, emulsifying, and foaming properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) were investigated. In this research, citric acid-mediated cross-linking could not only increase the surface hydrophobicity of whey proteins at pH 7.0 and 8.0, but it also improved its emulsifying and foaming properties. The emulsifying activity and foaming ability of WPI reached a maximum under the condition of 1% citric acid and pH 7.0. However, the solubility of WPI-CA gradually decreased with pH and the content of citric acid increased. Therefore, the cross-linking mediated by citric acid under non-acidic aqueous conditions, markedly altered the surface hydrophobicity and enhanced emulsifying and foaming properties of WPI.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 5535
Author(s):  
Sachin Umesh Dubey ◽  
Madhu Kanta Kapoor

Moringa oleifera Lam., commonly found tree in sub-Himalayan tracts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan has a high nutrition value. The leaves, flowers and immature pods of Moringa are used as a vegetable in many countries. The leaves are highly nutritious and medicinal in nature. They are a rich source of iron, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, proteins, and essential amino acids. Hence Moringa leaves can be a good source of protein for the vegetarians and the under-nourished population. Present investigation deals with the study of monthly variation in the nutritional value of Moringa leaves from the month of June 2015 to January 2016. Impact of urban sewage pollution and roadside vehicular pollution on the amount of reducing and total sugars, chlorophylls (a, b and total), proteins, vitamin-C and pH of the leaves, was also studied. Results revealed that the highest amounts of reducing sugars, total sugars, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll during October 2015 whereas proteins, chlorophyll a, vitamin C and pH were highest during January 2016. Leaf samples collected from all the study sites exhibited minimum amounts of reducing sugars, chlorophylls (a, b and total) and pH during July 2015 whereas total sugars were lowest during December 2015. Proteins and vitamin C values were lowest during August and June 2015 respectively. Sewage and vehicular pollution showed an adverse effect on the nutritional contents of Moringa oleifera leaves. Of the two polluted sites, samples from near the sewage flow showed higher impact.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Lata Birlangi

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.


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