Insights into the Antimicrobial Activities of Unusual Antimicrobial Peptide Families from Amphibian Skin

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Henrique Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Amphibian Skin

scholarly journals Interaction of Antimicrobial Peptide Temporin L with Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro and in Experimental Rat Models of Septic Shock Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2478-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Roberto Ghiselli ◽  
Federico Mocchegiani ◽  
Fiorenza Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α

ABSTRACT Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, despite intense efforts to improve survival. The primary lead for septic shock results from activation of host effector cells by endotoxin, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with cell membranes of gram-negative bacteria. For these reasons, the quest for compounds with antiendotoxin properties is actively pursued. We investigated the efficacy of the amphibian skin antimicrobial peptide temporin L in binding Escherichia coli LPS in vitro and counteracting its effects in vivo. Temporin L strongly bound to purified E. coli LPS and lipid A in vitro, as proven by fluorescent displacement assay, and readily penetrated into E. coli LPS monolayers. Furthermore, the killing activity of temporin L against E. coli was progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations of LPS added to the medium, further confirming the peptide's affinity for endotoxin. Antimicrobial assays showed that temporin L interacted synergistically with the clinically used β-lactam antibiotics piperacillin and imipenem. Therefore, we characterized the activity of temporin L when combined with imipenem and piperacillin in the prevention of lethality in two rat models of septic shock, measuring bacterial growth in blood and intra-abdominal fluid, endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations in plasma, and lethality. With respect to controls and single-drug treatments, the simultaneous administration of temporin L and β-lactams produced the highest antimicrobial activities and the strongest reduction in plasma endotoxin and TNF-α levels, resulting in the highest survival rates.

scholarly journals Biosurfactants Induce Antimicrobial Peptide Production through the Activation of TmSpatzles in Tenebrio molitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6090
Author(s):  
Tariku Tesfaye Edosa ◽  
Yong Hun Jo ◽  
Maryam Keshavarz ◽  
In Seon Kim ◽  
Yeon Soo Han
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Iturin A ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Biosurfactant immunomodulatory activities in mammals, nematodes, and plants have been investigated. However, the immune activation property of biosurfactants in insects has not been reported. Therefore, here, we studied the defense response triggered by lipopeptides (fengycin and iturin A), glycolipids (rhamnolipid), and cyclic polypeptides (bacitracin) in the coleopteran insect, mealworm Tenebrio molitor. The in vitro antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans) were assessed by mixing these pathogens with the hemolymph of biosurfactant-immune-activated larvae. E. coli growth was remarkably inhibited by this hemolymph. The antimicrobial peptide (AMP) induction results also revealed that all biosurfactants tested induced several AMPs, exclusively in hemocytes. The survivability analysis of T. molitor larvae challenged by E. coli (106 CFU/µL) at 24 h post biosurfactant-immune activation showed that fengycin, iturin A, and rhamnopid significantly increased survivability against E. coli. Biosurfactant-induced TmSpatzles activation was also monitored, and the results showed that TmSpz3 and TmSpz-like were upregulated in the hemocytes of iturin A-injected larvae, while TmSpz4 and TmSpz6 were upregulated in the fat bodies of the fengycin-, iturin A-, and rhamnolipid-injected larvae. Overall, these results suggest that lipopeptide and glycolipid biosurfactants induce the expression of AMPs in T. molitor via the activation of spätzle genes, thereby increasing the survivability of T. molitor against E. coli.

Isolation, amino acid sequence and synthesis of dermaseptin, a novel antimicrobial peptide of amphibian skin

Biochemistry ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (36) ◽  
pp. 8824-8830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amram Mor ◽  
Nguyen Van Huong ◽  
Antoine Delfour ◽  
Daniele Migliore-Samour ◽  
Pierre Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Amphibian Skin

Inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of OGTI and HV-BBI peptides, fragments and analogs derived from amphibian skin

Peptides ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Dębowski ◽  
Rafał Łukajtis ◽  
Anna Łęgowska ◽  
Natalia Karna ◽  
Michał Pikuła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Amphibian Skin

scholarly journals Biological Activities of Synthetic Analogs of Halocidin, an Antimicrobial Peptide from the Tunicate Halocynthia aurantium

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2481-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Sik Jang ◽  
Chong Han Kim ◽  
Kyu Nam Kim ◽  
Shin Yong Park ◽  
Joon Ha Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Amino Terminus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal

ABSTRACT Halocidin is a heterodimer antimicrobial peptide previously isolated from the tunicate Halocynthia aurantium. Based on the larger monomer (18Hc) of halocidin, nine halocidin congeners, including a series of 6 peptides truncated successively from the carboxyl-terminal end of 18Hc and 3 analogs (18HcKK, K19Hc, and K19HcKK), which have lysine residues in place of two internal histidines or have a lysine added to the amino terminus of the 18Hc molecule, were prepared. Each peptide was also converted into a homodimeric version. The antimicrobial activities of halocidin congeners truncated from the C terminus were dramatically decreased, suggesting that the full length of 18Hc is required for maintaining its maximum antimicrobial activity. Dimer forms of halocidin congeners exhibited stronger antimicrobial activities than the monomer of the corresponding peptide. Four dimer peptides (di-18Hc, di-18HcKK, di-K19Hc, and di-K19HcKK) were analyzed for antimicrobial activities against 10 clinically isolated antibiotic-resistant bacteria in elevated concentrations of NaCl or MgCl2. Of the peptides studied here, di-K19Hc retained invariably strong activity against all bacteria in diverse conditions and also showed much reduced hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.

scholarly journals Use of the Antimicrobial Peptide Pardaxin (GE33) To Protect against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Mice with Skin Injuries

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 1538-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Ning Huang ◽  
Chieh-Yu Pan ◽  
Yi-Lin Chan ◽  
Jyh-Yih Chen ◽  
Chang-Jer Wu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Function ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently been determined to be potential candidates for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Pardaxin (GE33), a marine antimicrobial peptide, has been reported to possess antimicrobial function. In this study, we investigated whether pardaxin promoted healing of contaminated wounds in mice. One square centimeter of outer skin was excised from the ventral region of mice, and a lethal dose of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was applied in the presence or absence of methicillin, vancomycin, or pardaxin. While untreated mice and mice treated with methicillin died within 3 days, mice treated with pardaxin survived infection. Pardaxin decreased MRSA bacterial counts in the wounded region and also enhanced wound closure. Reepithelialization and dermal maturation were also faster in mice treated with pardaxin than in mice treated with vancomycin. In addition, pardaxin treatment controlled excess recruitment of monocytes and macrophages and increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In conclusion, these results suggest that pardaxin is capable of enhancing wound healing. Furthermore, this study provides an excellent platform for comparing the antimicrobial activities of peptide and nonpeptide antibiotics.

scholarly journals Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Mice Treated With Vitamin D3 or Cathelicidin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Yue Wan ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yueshui Zhao ◽  
Yongshun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Gut microbiota is a complex aggregation of microbial organisms, which offers diverse protective benefits to the host. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota is frequently associated with many diseases. Vitamin D3 (VD), which was originally associated with bone health, also possesses antimicrobial activities and can act through antimicrobial peptide. Cathelicidin is a type of antimicrobial peptide in host to maintain the balance of gut microbiome. Our current study sought to evaluate the protective effect of VD and cathelicidin in mice intestines by administration of VD or mCRAMP-encoding L. lactis. We herein provided a comprehensive profile of the impact of VD and mCRAMP on gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatics and statistical analysis. Our results revealed an increased richness of bacterial community in mice intestines due to VD administration. Moreover, we showed a beneficial effect of VD and mCRAMP by enhancing the colonization of bacterial taxa that are associated with protective effects to the host but repressing the propagation of bacterial taxa that are associated with harmful effects to the host. Various metabolic pathways related to amino acid and lipid metabolism were affected in this process. We further established a bacterial panel as a reliable biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of remodeling the mice gut microbiota by VD and mCRAMP administration. The uncovered effects will deepen the comprehension about the antibacterial mechanisms of VD and mCRAMP and provide new insights for therapeutic implication of them.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of Bacillus velezensis strains isolated from stingless bee products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251514
Author(s):  
Mohamad Malik Al-adil Baharudin ◽  
Mohamad Syazwan Ngalimat ◽  
Fairolniza Mohd Shariff ◽  
Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof ◽  
Murni Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have reached epidemic proportions globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a continuous supply of antibiotics to combat the problem. In this study, bacteria initially identified as species belonging to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens operational group were re-identified based on the housekeeping gene, gyrB. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) from the strains were used for antimicrobial tests using the agar well diffusion assay against MRSA and various types of pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and physicochemical characteristics of the CFS were determined. Based on gyrB sequence analysis, five strains (PD9, B7, PU1, BP1 and L9) were identified as Bacillus velezensis. The CFS of all B. velezensis strains showed broad inhibitory activities against Gram-negative and -positive as well as MRSA strains. Strain PD9 against MRSA ATCC 33742 was chosen for further analysis as it showed the biggest zone of inhibition (21.0 ± 0.4 mm). The MIC and MBC values obtained were 125 μl/ml. The crude antimicrobial extract showed bactericidal activity and was stable at various temperatures (40–80°C), pH (4–12), surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80, SDS and Triton X-100) and metal ions (MgCI2, NaCI2, ZnNO3 and CuSO4) when tested. However, the crude extract was not stable when treated with proteinase K. All these properties resembled the characteristics of peptides. The antimicrobial compound from the selected strain was purified by using solvent extraction method and silica gel column chromatography. The purified compound was subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography which resulted in a single peak of the anti-MRSA compound being detected. The molecular weight of the anti-MRSA compound was determined by using SDS-PAGE and zymogram. The size of the purified antimicrobial peptide was approximately ~ 5 kDa. The antimicrobial peptide produced from B. velezensis strain PD9 is a promising alternative to combat the spread of MRSA infections in the future.

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