scholarly journals Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Mice Treated With Vitamin D3 or Cathelicidin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Yue Wan ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yueshui Zhao ◽  
Yongshun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Gut microbiota is a complex aggregation of microbial organisms, which offers diverse protective benefits to the host. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota is frequently associated with many diseases. Vitamin D3 (VD), which was originally associated with bone health, also possesses antimicrobial activities and can act through antimicrobial peptide. Cathelicidin is a type of antimicrobial peptide in host to maintain the balance of gut microbiome. Our current study sought to evaluate the protective effect of VD and cathelicidin in mice intestines by administration of VD or mCRAMP-encoding L. lactis. We herein provided a comprehensive profile of the impact of VD and mCRAMP on gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatics and statistical analysis. Our results revealed an increased richness of bacterial community in mice intestines due to VD administration. Moreover, we showed a beneficial effect of VD and mCRAMP by enhancing the colonization of bacterial taxa that are associated with protective effects to the host but repressing the propagation of bacterial taxa that are associated with harmful effects to the host. Various metabolic pathways related to amino acid and lipid metabolism were affected in this process. We further established a bacterial panel as a reliable biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of remodeling the mice gut microbiota by VD and mCRAMP administration. The uncovered effects will deepen the comprehension about the antibacterial mechanisms of VD and mCRAMP and provide new insights for therapeutic implication of them.

scholarly journals Links between exercise/nutrition and antioxidants - protective effects on immune/respiratory systems as defense against viral infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (36) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Kharbat ◽  
Stephen Rossettie ◽  
Mimi Zumwalt
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Open Window ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

This paper discusses factors involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology, with a focus on nutrition, exercise, enzymatic antioxidant systems, and the interplay between immune tolerance and resistance. Of all the supplements, zinc has the most evidence for effectiveness against viruses. However, these data were based primarily on studies measuring duration of the common cold rather than on COVID-19, and optimal dosing remains unclear. Exercise has been shown to have protective tolerogenic effects against viral infection due to the impact of extracellular superoxide dismutases (EC-SODs). Exercise may have a combination of beneficial and harmful effects on outright resistance to viruses in the short term, but taken as a whole it likely has a net protective effect on the immune system. The evidence is examined through the lens of the open window theory and a thorough investigation of the relationship between EC-SODs and exercise/diet. By better understanding the host-virus relationship, clinicians and researchers alike can collaborate to establish guiding principles regarding the steps that individuals can take to protect against some of the deleterious effects of viral infections. More research in this area is needed to understand the relationships among exercise, nutrition, and viral disease. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, nutrition, zinc, EC-SODs, superoxide dismutase, exercise, enzymatic antioxidant/immune systems

scholarly journals Dynamic alteration in the gut microbiota and metabolome during the pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peifeng Xie ◽  
Chengjun Hu ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Xiangfeng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Dynamic Alteration ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Gut microbiota and their metabolites were associated with obesity. Our previous study showed that maternal body fat percentage increased from days 45 to 110 of gestation in a Huanjiang mini-pig model. Thus, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabonomic techniques were used to investigate the changes of maternal gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolite profile from days 45 to 110 of gestation. Results The abundances of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Streptococcus in jejunum contents were higher in day 110 than those in day 45 or 75 of gestation. In ileum, the abundance of Streptococcus was the highest (P < 0.05) at day 110 of gestation, as well as the metabolism function of jejunal and ileal microbiota. The ileal butyrate and acetate concentrations were the highest at day 45 and day 110 of gestation, respectively. In colon, the concentrations of cadaverine and spermine were the highest (P < 0.05) at days 45 and 110 of gestation, respectively. Metabonomic analysis demonstrated that metabolic pathways including glutamine and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism changed during gestation. Conclusions Microbiota composition and metabolites changed dramatically from the early to the late pregnancy, which might be associated with the maternal fat accumulation.

scholarly journals Influence of the Intestinal Microbiota on Colonization Resistance to Salmonella and the Shedding Pattern of Naturally Exposed Pigs

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Argüello ◽  
Jordi Estellé ◽  
Finola C. Leonard ◽  
Fiona Crispie ◽  
Paul D. Cotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Salmonella colonization and infection in production animals such as pigs are a cause for concern from a public health perspective. Variations in susceptibility to natural infection may be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. Using 16S rRNA compositional sequencing, we characterized the fecal microbiome of 15 weaned pigs naturally infected with Salmonella at 18, 33, and 45 days postweaning. Dissimilarities in microbiota composition were analyzed in relation to Salmonella infection status (infected, not infected), serological status, and shedding pattern (nonshedders, single-point shedders, intermittent-persistent shedders). Global microbiota composition was associated with the infection outcome based on serological analysis. Greater richness within the microbiota postweaning was linked to pigs being seronegative at the end of the study at 11 weeks of age. Members of the Clostridia, such as Blautia, Roseburia, and Anaerovibrio, were more abundant and part of the core microbiome in nonshedder pigs. Cellulolytic microbiota (Ruminococcus and Prevotella) were also more abundant in noninfected pigs during the weaning and growing stages. Microbial profiling also revealed that infected pigs had a higher abundance of Lactobacillus and Oscillospira, the latter also being part of the core microbiome of intermittent-persistent shedders. These findings suggest that a lack of microbiome maturation and greater proportions of microorganisms associated with suckling increase susceptibility to infection. In addition, the persistence of Salmonella shedding may be associated with an enrichment of pathobionts such as Anaerobiospirillum. Overall, these results suggest that there may be merit in manipulating certain taxa within the porcine intestinal microbial community to increase disease resistance against Salmonella in pigs. IMPORTANCE Salmonella is a global threat for public health, and pork is one of the main sources of human salmonellosis. However, the complex epidemiology of the infection limits current control strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence of this infection in pigs. The present study analyzes for the first time the impact of the gut microbiota in Salmonella infection in pigs and its shedding pattern in naturally infected growing pigs. Microbiome (16S rRNA amplicon) analysis reveals that maturation of the gut microbiome could be a key consideration with respect to limiting the infection and shedding of Salmonella in pigs. Indeed, seronegative animals had higher richness of the gut microbiota early after weaning, and uninfected pigs had higher abundance of strict anaerobes from the class Clostridia, results which demonstrate that a fast transition from the suckling microbiota to a postweaning microbiota could be crucial with respect to protecting the animals.

scholarly journals Altered diversity and composition of gut microbiota in Wilson's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangsheng Cai ◽  
Lin Deng ◽  
Xiaogui Ma ◽  
Yusheng Guo ◽  
Zhiting Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lower Abundance ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bacterial Groups

AbstractWilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of chronic copper toxicosis with high mortality and disability. Recent evidence suggests a correlation between dysbiosis in gut microbiome and multiple diseases such as genetic and metabolic disease. However, the impact of intestinal microbiota polymorphism in WD have not been fully elaborated and need to be explore for seeking some microbiota benefit for WD patients. In this study, the 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 14 patients with WD and was compared to the results from 16 healthy individuals. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiome in the WD group were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals. The WD group presented unique richness of Gemellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae at family level, which were hardly detected in healthy controls. The WD group had a markedly lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, and a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Fusobacteria than that in healthy individuals. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in the WD group was significantly lower than that of healthy control. In addition, the functional profile of the gut microbiome from WD patients showed a lower abundance of bacterial groups involved in the host immune and metabolism associated systems pathways such as transcription factors and ABC-type transporters, compared to healthy individuals. These results implied dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be influenced by the host metabolic disorders of WD, which may provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis and new possible therapeutic targets for WD.

scholarly journals Considerations for the design and conduct of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 3347-3368
Author(s):  
J. R. Swann ◽  
M. Rajilic-Stojanovic ◽  
A. Salonen ◽  
O. Sakwinska ◽  
C. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWith the growing appreciation for the influence of the intestinal microbiota on human health, there is increasing motivation to design and refine interventions to promote favorable shifts in the microbiota and their interactions with the host. Technological advances have improved our understanding and ability to measure this indigenous population and the impact of such interventions. However, the rapid growth and evolution of the field, as well as the diversity of methods used, parameters measured and populations studied, make it difficult to interpret the significance of the findings and translate their outcomes to the wider population. This can prevent comparisons across studies and hinder the drawing of appropriate conclusions. This review outlines considerations to facilitate the design, implementation and interpretation of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods based upon our current understanding of the intestinal microbiota, its functionality and interactions with the human host. This includes parameters associated with study design, eligibility criteria, statistical considerations, characterization of products and the measurement of compliance. Methodologies and markers to assess compositional and functional changes in the microbiota, following interventions are discussed in addition to approaches to assess changes in microbiota–host interactions and host responses. Last, EU legislative aspects in relation to foods and health claims are presented. While it is appreciated that the field of gastrointestinal microbiology is rapidly evolving, such guidance will assist in the design and interpretation of human gut microbiota interventional studies relating to foods.

scholarly journals Impact of a Model Used to Simulate Chronic Socio-Environmental Stressors Encountered during Spaceflight on Murine Intestinal Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7863
Author(s):  
Corentine Alauzet ◽  
Lisiane Cunat ◽  
Maxime Wack ◽  
Laurence Lanfumey ◽  
Christine Legrand-Frossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
The Impact

During deep-space travels, crewmembers face various physical and psychosocial stressors that could alter gut microbiota composition. Since it is well known that intestinal dysbiosis is involved in the onset or exacerbation of several disorders, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intestinal microbiota in a murine model used to mimic chronic psychosocial stressors encountered during a long-term space mission. We demonstrate that 3 weeks of exposure to this model (called CUMS for Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress) induce significant change in intracaecal β-diversity characterized by an important increase of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. These alterations are associated with a decrease of Porphyromonadaceae, particularly of the genus Barnesiella, a major member of gut microbiota in mice and humans where it is described as having protective properties. These results raise the question of the impact of stress-induced decrease of beneficial taxa, support recent data deduced from in-flight experimentations and other ground-based models, and emphasize the critical need for further studies exploring the impact of spaceflight on intestinal microbiota in order to propose strategies to countermeasure spaceflight-associated dysbiosis and its consequences on health.

Effect of polysaccharides from adlay seed on anti-diabetic and gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4372-4380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Chun Chen ◽  
Zhong-Yang Fan ◽  
Hong-Yu Wang ◽  
Dong-Cheng Wen ◽  
Shi-Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The hypoglycemic effects of PAS in type-2 diabetic mice (T2D) may be associated with the regulation of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota might be a crucial factor in deciphering the metabolic benefits of perinatal genistein consumption in dams and adult female offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4505-4521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Zhou ◽  
Xinhua Xiao ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jia Zheng ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Harmful Effects

Perinatal genistein intake mitigated the harmful effects of high-fat diet on metabolism in both dams and female offspring, and the protective effects were associated with the alterations in gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 16 and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 Against Clostridium perfringens Infection in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gong ◽  
Baikui Wang ◽  
Yuanhao Zhou ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Zihan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Protective Effects

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 16 (Lac16) and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 (BSC10) against Clostridium perfringens (Cp) infection in broilers. A total of 720 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into four groups. The control and Cp group were only fed a basal diet, while the two treatment groups received basal diets supplemented with Lac16 (1 × 108 cfu·kg−1) and BSC10 (1 × 108 cfu·kg−1) for 21 days, respectively. On day 1 and days 14 to 20, birds except those in the control group were challenged with 1 × 108 cfu C. perfringens type A strain once a day. The results showed that both Lac16 and BSC10 could ameliorate intestinal structure damage caused by C. perfringens infection. C. perfringens infection induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax and p53 and decreasing Bcl-2 expression and inflammation evidence by higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and IL-10 in the ileum mucosa, and NO production in jejunal mucosa, which was reversed by Lac16 and BSC10 treatment except for IL-1β (P &lt; 0.05). Besides, the two probiotics restored the intestinal microbiota imbalance induced by C. perfringens infection, characterized by the reduced Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the increased Bacteroidetes at the phyla level and decreased Bacteroides fragilis and Gallibacterium anatis at the genus level. The two probiotics also reversed metabolic pathways of the microbiota in C. perfringens-infected broilers, including B-vitamin biosynthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and pyruvate fermentation to acetate and lactate II pathway. In conclusion, Lac16 and BSC10 can effectively protect broilers against C. perfringens infection through improved composition and metabolic pathways of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal structure, inflammation, and anti-apoptosis.

scholarly journals Impact of a Model Used to Simulate Socio-Environmental Stressors Encountered During Spaceflight on Murine Intestinal Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corentine Alauzet ◽  
Lisiane Cunat ◽  
Maxime Wack ◽  
Laurence Lanfumey ◽  
Christine Legrand-Frossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: During deep-space travels, crewmembers face various physical and psychosocial stressors that could alter gut microbiota composition. Since it is well known that intestinal dysbiosis is involved in the onset or exacerbation of several disorders, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intestinal microbiota in a ground-based murine model mimicking psychosocial stressors encountered during a long-term space mission.Results: We demonstrate that 3 weeks of exposure to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) induce significant change in intracaecal β-diversity characterized by an important increase of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. These stress-induced alterations are associated with a decrease of Porphyromonadaceae, particularly of the genus Barnesiella that is a major member of gut microbiota in mice, but also in human, where it is described as having protective properties.Conclusions: These results raise the question of the impact of stress-induced decrease of beneficial taxa, support recent data obtained with in-flight experimentations or gravity change models, and emphasize the critical need for further studies exploring the impact of spaceflight on intestinal microbiota in order to propose strategies to countermeasure spaceflight-associated dysbiosis and its consequences on health.

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