Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Rotavirus-Infected Ghanaian Children Diagnosed with Acute Gastroenteritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Dzudzor ◽  
Albert Amenyedor ◽  
Vincent Amarh ◽  
George E. Armah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Vaccine Surveillance

Diarrhea is a notable global health problem in several developing countries, especially in children. Prior to the introduction of the rotavirus vaccination program in Ghana, a surveillance study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of the disease caused by rotavirus in children. In this report, we re-used archival stool samples from the pre-vaccine surveillance study to provide information on prevalence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Ghanaian children. Re-analysis of the stool samples revealed co-infection of enterotoxigenic E. coli and rotavirus in 2% of the children whose samples were selected for this study. As Ghana is approaching 10 years post-implementation of the rotavirus vaccination program, the preliminary data presented in this report are a vital reference for subsequent studies aimed at ascertaining the effect of the vaccine on both rotavirus and enterotoxigenic E. coli.

Molecular detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from Diarrheal stool samples from children in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Tauseef M Asmat
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Disease

Diarrhea is one of the major causes of death in children, particularly in developing countries. Rapid detection and treatment is necessary to control disease transmission in the community and thus limiting the huge number of death toll. The major cause of diarrhea in developing countries is Escherichia coli (E. coli).This study was aimed to isolate E. coli from diarrheal stool samples from children aged 05 months to 05 years visited/ hospitalized in Quetta due to acute/persistent diarrhea. Diarrheal stool samples from 200 children were collected from Lady Sandeman Hospital Quetta and cultured on nutrient agar and later transferred to E. coli specific growth media for initial detection. For further confirmation the colonies were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR results revealed that 44(22%) samples out of 200 samples were positive for E. coli. These results indicate a high proportion of E. coli infection among children suffering with diarrhea.

scholarly journals Deletion of FaeG alleviated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ac-induced apoptosis in the intestine

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Xia ◽  
Yunping Wu ◽  
Siqi Lian ◽  
Guomei Quan ◽  
Yiting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Antibody Microarray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fimbrial Subunit ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Weaning Piglets

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major constraint to the development of the pig industry, which is causing newborn and post-weaning piglets diarrhea. Previous studies proved that FaeG is the major fimbrial subunit of F4ac E. coli and efficient for bacterial adherence and receptor recognition. Here we show that the faeG deletion attenuates both the clinical symptoms of F4ac infection and the F4ac-induced intestinal mucosal damage in piglets. Antibody microarray analysis and the detection of mRNA expression using porcine neonatal jejunal IPEC-J2 cells also determined that the absence of FaeG subunit alleviated the F4ac promoted apoptosis in the intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, targeted depletion of FaeG is still beneficial for the prevention or treatment of F4ac infection.

scholarly journals A surveillance of enteropathogens in piglets from birth to seven days of age in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo C. Cruz Junior ◽  
Felipe M. Salvarani ◽  
Rodrigo O.S. Silva ◽  
Marcos X. Silva ◽  
Francisco C.F. Lobato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Type A ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Isospora Suis ◽  
Real Importance ◽  
Type C

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the real importance of anaerobic enteropathogens and rotavirus in contrast to more common agents as cause of diarrhea in piglets within the first week of life. Sixty 1- to 7-day-old piglets, 30 diarrheic and 30 non-diarrheic (control), from 15 different herds were selected, euthanized and necropsied. Samples of the jejunum, ileum, colon, cecum and feces were collected from the piglets and analyzed to determine the presence of the following enteropathogens: enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Clostridium perfringens types A and C, Clostridium difficile, rotavirus and Isospora suis. Among diarrheic piglets, 23.3% were positive for C. difficile, 70% for C. perfringens type A cpb2+, 14.3% for rotavirus and 10% for ETEC. Among non-diarrheic control piglets, 10% were positive for C. difficile, 76.7% for C. perfringens type A cpb2+, 0% for rotavirus, 3.3% for ETEC and 3.3% for I. suis. C. perfringens type C was not detected in any of the animals. Histological lesions characteristic of C. difficile, E. coli and rotavirus were observed. However, no C. perfringens type A suggestive lesions were detected. There was a positive correlation between mesocolon edema and the presence of C. difficile toxins. Although C. perfringens type A cpb2+ was the most frequently detected enteropathogen, there was no association between its presence and diarrhea or macro or microscopic changes. C. difficile and Rotavirus were the most relevant pathogens involved with neonatal diarrhea in this study, and histopathology associated with microbiological test proved to be the key to reach a final diagnosis.

scholarly journals Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Identification of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Strains

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was developed for identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains and to differentiate them from other gram negative enteric bacteria. This test simultaneously amplifies heat-labile (LTI) and heat-stable (STI and STII) toxin sequences and the E. coli-specific universal stress protein ( uspA). The specificity of the method was validated by single PCR tests performed with the reference E. coli and non- E. coli strains and with bacteria isolated from pig feces. The multiplex PCR allowed the rapid and specific identification of enterotoxin-positive E. coli and may be used as a method for direct determination of ETEC and to differentiate them from other E. coli and gram-negative enteric isolates.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Potential of Escherichia coli Phages to Treat Infections and Survive Gastric Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1869
Author(s):  
Joanna Kaczorowska ◽  
Eoghan Casey ◽  
Gabriele A. Lugli ◽  
Marco Ventura ◽  
David J. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Composite Mixture ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shigella ssp. infections are associated with high rates of mortality, especially in infants in developing countries. Due to increasing levels of global antibiotic resistance exhibited by many pathogenic organisms, alternative strategies to combat such infections are urgently required. In this study, we evaluated the stability of five coliphages (four Myoviridae and one Siphoviridae phage) over a range of pH conditions and in simulated gastric conditions. The Myoviridae phages were stable across the range of pH 2 to 7, while the Siphoviridae phage, JK16, exhibited higher sensitivity to low pH. A composite mixture of these five phages was tested in vivo in a Galleria mellonella model. The obtained data clearly shows potential in treating E. coli infections prophylactically.

Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1697-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Gonzales ◽  
Enrique Joffre ◽  
Rosario Rivera ◽  
Åsa Sjöling ◽  
Ann-Mari Svennerholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Diarrhoea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stool Samples

The prevalence of infection caused by different categories of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains, including enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli, in children who suffered from diarrhoea (n = 3943) or did not have diarrhoea (n = 1026) were analysed in two areas in Bolivia over a period of 4 years. We also analysed the seasonality of DEC infections and severity of diarrhoea in children with DEC infection and compared antibiotic resistance in DEC strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea. Stool samples were analysed for the presence of DEC by culturing followed by PCR. The most prevalent DEC categories in samples from the children were: EAEC (11.2 %); ETEC (6.6 %); EPEC (5.8 %); and EIEC and EHEC (<1 %). DEC strains were isolated significantly more often from diarrhoea cases (21.6 %) than from controls (17.6 %; P = 0.002). The number of children with diarrhoea associated with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC infections peaked in the Bolivian winter (April–September), although the proportion of DEC-positive stool samples was higher during the warm rainy season (October–March). High levels of antibiotic resistance were detected among the DEC strains. In particular, resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim was significantly higher in strains isolated from individuals with diarrhoea than in samples from controls. The severity of disease in children infected with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC varied from mild to severe diarrhoea, although disease severity did not differ significantly between the different DEC categories. ETEC, EPEC and EAEC are commonly found in Bolivia and may cause severe disease in children.

DNA Colony Hybridization Method Using Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Detect Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: Collaborative Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-536
Author(s):  
Walter E Hill ◽  
Barry A Wentz ◽  
William L Payne ◽  
James A Jagow ◽  
Gerald Zon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hybridization Probe ◽  
Colony Hybridization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Abstract The genes that encode several of the enterotoxins produced by Escherichia coli have been cloned by recombinant DNA techniques. When the nucleotide sequence of these genes is determined, defined sequence oligonucleotides that include a part of these genes may be synthesized. A 22-base DNA hybridization probe was produced for each of 2 heatstable E. coli enterotoxin (ST) genes: STH, from strains originally isolated from humans; and STP, from strains first found in pigs. For this study, 32P end-labeled DNA probes, sonicated calf thymus DNA, and 3 known and 20 unknown (10 ST-positive and 10 ST-negative) strains were sent to each of 23 collaborators. Cultures were spotted onto an agar-based medium and grown into colonies, which were transferred by blotting to cellulose filters, lysed by alkali and steam, and used for DNA colony hybridization with the ST DNA probes. Strains containing an ST gene were recognized as dark spots on an autoradiogram. Of the 460 samples analyzed, 440 (95.7%) were correctly classified by the collaborators. The method has been adopted official first action.

scholarly journals 2609. Escherichia coli Clonal Lineages and Virulence Factors Predict Fecal Colonization within Households

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S907-S907
Author(s):  
Teresa C Fox ◽  
Paul Thuras ◽  
Connie Clabots ◽  
Stephen Porter ◽  
James R Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Colonization Factors ◽  
Colonization Behavior

Abstract Background Extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections are an ever-growing threat, to which specific clonal lineages and virulence factors contribute disproportionately. Despite the gut being the main reservoir for such E. coli strains, relationships between clonal lineages, virulence factors, and fecal colonization patterns are poorly understood. Accordingly, we defined E. coli fecal colonization patterns within households (HHs) and assessed specific lineages and virulence genes (VGs) as predictors of colonization behaviors. Methods Veterans with an E. coli clinical isolate (n = 22: 11 fluoroquinoline [FQ]-resistant, 11 FQ-susceptible) and their HH members provided stool samples on 2–6 occasions each. Stools were screened for total and FQ-resistant E. coli. Distinct E. coli strains were resolved by genomic profiling of 10 colonies/sample. Strains underwent molecular lineage identification, VG detection, and comparison with the veteran’s clinical isolate. Clonal lineages and VGs were assessed (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) as predictors of strains’ (i) predominance within the fecal sample, (ii) persistence across serial fecal samples, (iii) within-HH strain sharing, and (iv) overall within-HH colonization prevalence. Results From the 22 veterans and 46 HH members (27 humans, 19 pets) we recovered 139 unique-by-household fecal E. coli strains. Sixty-four traits were evaluated (16 clonal lineages, 48 VGs). Of these, 44 exhibited n ≥ 5, so could be analyzed statistically. Among these 44 traits, the proportion significantly associated with ≥ 1 outcome variable was 5/6 (83%) for clonal lineages and 18/38 (47%) for VGs. Additionally, fecal strains that matched the veteran’s clinical isolate exhibited significantly greater sharing, persistence, and overall colonization. Conclusion The studied E. coli traits – known for their associations with clinical infections –here were significantly associated with within-HH colonization behavior. These findings support that “virulence factors” may be regarded also (or perhaps best) as “colonization factors,” and “virulent lineages” as “colonizing lineages.” This suggests the possibility that future interventions that disrupt colonization behavior also could prevent E. coli infections. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection and intestinal thiamin uptake: studies with intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (11) ◽  
pp. C1185-C1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhisek Ghosal ◽  
Nabendu S. Chatterjee ◽  
Tristan Chou ◽  
Hamid M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase System ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Etec Infection

Infections with enteric pathogens like enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC) is a major health issue worldwide and while diarrhea is the major problem, prolonged, severe, and dual infections with multiple pathogens may also compromise the nutritional status of the infected individuals. There is almost nothing currently known about the effect of ETEC infection on intestinal absorptions of water-soluble vitamins including thiamin. We examined the effect of ETEC infection on intestinal uptake of the thiamin using as a model the human-derived intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. The results showed that infecting confluent Caco-2 monolayers with live ETEC (but not with boiled/killed ETEC or nonpathogenic E. coli) or treatment with bacterial culture supernatant led to a significant inhibition in thiamin uptake. This inhibition appears to be caused by a heat-labile and -secreted ETEC component and is mediated via activation of the epithelial adenylate cyclase system. The inhibition in thiamin uptake by ETEC was associated with a significant reduction in expression of human thiamin transporter-1 and -2 (hTHTR1 and hTHTR2) at the protein and mRNA levels as well as in the activity of the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters. Dual infection of Caco-2 cells with ETEC and EPEC (enteropathogenic E. coli) led to compounded inhibition in intestinal thiamin uptake. These results show for the first time that infection of human intestinal epithelial cells with ETEC causes a significant inhibition in intestinal thiamin uptake. This inhibition is mediated by a secreted heat-labile toxin and is associated with a decrease in the expression of intestinal thiamin transporters.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Children with Acute Diarrhea in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmita Roy ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Kazi Z Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Stool Samples

Objective: Multiplex PCR assay was used for diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in stool samples of children (under 5 years) with acute diarrhea.  Methods: Samples were collected from January 2011 to December 2011, from Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Multiplex PCR with five specific primer pairs to detect enteropathogenic E. coli (eae, bfp), enterotoxigenic E. coli (lt, st) and enteroaggregative E. coli (aat) were used. However, enteroinvasive E. coli, enterohemorrhagicE. coli and diffusely adhererentE. coli were not sought. Result: In total, 135 (67.5%) E. coli were isolated from 200 stool samples. The prevalence of DEC was 68 (34%). Among DEC, most frequently isolated pathotype was EPEC 40 (58.82%), followed by ETEC 24 (35.29%) and EAggEC 18 (26.47%). Among the EPEC, 5 (12.5%) were typical EPEC. Among the 68 DEC positive cases, 22 samples contained more than one pathogenic gene in various combinations. Among the combination of DEC, EPEC+ETEC combination was 6 (27.27%) followed by ETEC+EAggEC 4 (18.18%), EPEC+EAggEC and ETEC+EPEC+EAggEC were both in 3 (13.6%). Conclusion:This study shows that DEC is a common cause of childhood diarrhea in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. By using multiplex PCR assay, DEC can be diagnosed in one PCR reaction that makes a conclusive diagnosis of diarrhea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8576 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 59-66

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