scholarly journals Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance pattern in Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from patients attended with urinary infections to Tertiary Hospitals, in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1677-84
Author(s):  
Azardokht Tabatabaei ◽  
Khadijeh Ahmadi ◽  
Alireza Namazi Shabestari ◽  
Nastaran Khosravi ◽  
Ali Badamchi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Proteus mirabilis is a frequent reason for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to identify virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in P. mirabilis strains isolated from patients whoattended a tertiary hospital in Iran. Methods: In this study, 100 P. mirabilis strains from urine samples were isolated. These isolated strains were identified by biochemical and PCR-based tests, and their antibiotic resistance was profiled through a standard procedure using 14 antibiotics.PCR assays were used to detect virulence-related genes in P. mirabilis strains. The biofilm formation of each P. mirabilis strain was examined. Results: Of the 100 P. mirabilis isolates, 16 (16%) were multidrug-resistant. High resistance was observed against cotrimoxazole (97%), nalidixic acid (93%), cefotaxime (77%), and amoxicillin (62%). Sixty of the 100 isolates showed resistance against extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The prevalence rates of the genes related to the virulence factors in this study were mrpH (100%), ucaA (91%), hpmA (94%), zapA (95%), ptaA (100%), ureG (100%), pmfA (100%), fliC (97%), and mrpA (90%) using PCR method. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 20% (5/25) of the strains isolated fromnon-catheterized samples and 80% (20/25) of strains isolated from catheterized samples. Conclusions: Resistance to antibiotics and the prevalence of pathogenicity genes are high in Proteus mirabilis strains iolated from UTIs. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Proteus mirabilis; biofilm; virulence factors.

scholarly journals Detection of biofilm among uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its correlation with antibiotic resistance pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi M. Karigoudar ◽  
Mahesh H. Karigoudar ◽  
Sanjay M. Wavare ◽  
Smita S. Mangalgi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli accounts for 70%–95% of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTI is a serious health problem with respect to antibiotic resistance and biofilms formation being the prime cause for the antibiotic resistance. Biofilm can restrict the diffusion of substances and binding of antimicrobials. In this context, the present study is aimed to perform in vitro detection of biofilm formation among E. coli strains isolated from urine and to correlate their susceptibility pattern with biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 E. coli strains isolated from patients suffering from UTI were included in the study. The identification of E. coli was performed by colony morphology, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The detection of biofilm was carried out by Congo Red Agar (CRA) method, tube method (TM), and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller–Hinton agar plate. RESULTS: Of the 100 E. coli strains, 49 (49%) and 51 (51%) were from catheterized and noncatheterized patients, respectively. Biofilm production was positive by CRA, TM, and TCP method were 49 (49%), 55 (55%), and 69 (69%), respectively. Biofilm producers showed maximum resistance to co-trimoxazole (73.9%), gentamicin (94.2%), and imipenem (11.6%) when compared to nonbiofilm producers. Significant association was seen between resistance to antibiotic and biofilm formation with a P = 0.01 (<0.05). CONCLUSION: A greater understanding of biofilm detection in E. coli will help in the development of newer and more effective treatment. The detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility pattern helps in choosing the correct antibiotic therapy.

Virulence factors analysis and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients in northeast of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdis Ghavidel ◽  
Tahere Gholamhosseini-Moghadam ◽  
Kimiya Nourian ◽  
Kiarash Ghazvini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is known to be the pathogen commonly isolated from those infected with uri- nary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of E. coli virulence genes and antibiotics’ resistance pattern among clinical isolates in the Northeast of Iran. Relationships between virulence genes and antimicrobial resistances were studied as well. Materials and Methods: Three hundred isolates of E. coli were isolated from patients with UTIs that referred to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals (Mashhad, Iran) during August 2016 to February 2017. A multiplex PCR was employed to amplify the genes encoding pyelonephritis associated pili (pap), S-family adhesions (sfa), type1fimbriae (fimH) and aerobactin (aer). Disk diffusion test was performed to test the susceptibility of isolates to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quino- lone, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Results: The PCR results identified the fimH in 78.4%, aer in 70.5%, sfa in 13.6% and the pap in 8.2% of isolates. The rates of antibiotic resistance of the isolates were as follows: 64.7% resistant to cephalosporins, 34% to trimethoprim-sul- famethoxazole, 31% to fluoroquinolones, 15.3% to aminoglycosides, 13.3% to β-lactams, 7.8% to quinolones and 4.4% to carbapenems. Significant relationships existed between pap and aer, pap and sfa, aer and fluoroquinolones also pap and cephalosporins. Conclusion: fimH and aer were found in > 50% of isolates suggesting the importance of both genes in UPEC. The majority of isolates had fimH as adhesion factor for colonization. Determining antibiotic resistance patterns in specific geographical areas is necessary for appropriate treatment of urinary tract infection. The high rate of resistance to cephalosporins is most likely due to incorrect drug administration

scholarly journals Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kiana Karimi ◽  
Omid Zarei ◽  
Parinaz Sedighi ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Amin Doosti-Irani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an encapsulated Gram-negative bacterium that can lead to 14–20% of nosocomial infections. The ability of biofilm formation in this bacterium decreases the host immune response and antibiotic efficacy. This may impose a huge impact on patients and healthcare settings. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from two major Hamadan hospitals, west of Iran. Methods. A total of 83 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical samples of patients in different wards of Hamadan hospitals from September 2018 to March 2019. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the crystal violet method. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software and chi-square test. Results. The results showed that clinical samples included 18 urinary tract samples (22%), 6 wound samples (7%), 6 blood samples (7%), 17 tracheal tube aspiration samples (20%), 32 throat cultures (38%), 2 sputum samples (2.5%), and 2 abscess drain cultures (2.5%). High-level resistance to cefotaxime was detected in 92%, and all of isolates were susceptible to colistin. Biofilm formation was seen in 62 (75%) isolates. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 17 (20%) strains. A significant correlation was seen between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance ( P value <0.05). Conclusion. Our findings emphasize the need for proper diagnosis, control, and treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae especially in respiratory tract infections due to the strong biofilm formation and high antibiotic resistance in these strains.

scholarly journals Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the Urine Samples of Iranian Dogs: Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Yousefi ◽  
Saam Torkan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in dogs. The present research was done to study the prevalence rate and antimicrobial resistance properties of UPEC strains isolated from healthy dogs and those which suffered from UTIs. Four-hundred and fifty urine samples were collected and cultured. E. coli-positive strains were subjected to disk diffusion and PCR methods. Two-hundred out of 450 urine samples (44.4%) were positive for E. coli. Prevalence of E. coli in healthy and infected dogs was 28% and 65%, respectively. Female had the higher prevalence of E. coli (P=0.039). Marked seasonality was also observed (P=0.024). UPEC strains had the highest levels of resistance against gentamicin (95%), ampicillin (85%), amikacin (70%), amoxicillin (65%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (65%). We found that 21.50% of UPEC strains had simultaneously resistance against more than 10 antibiotics. Aac(3)-IV (77%), CITM (52.5%), tetA (46.5%), and sul1 (40%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Findings showed considerable levels of antimicrobial resistance among UPEC strains of Iranian dogs. Rapid identification of infected dogs and their treatment based on the results of disk diffusion can control the risk of UPEC strains.

scholarly journals Distribution of phylogenetic groups, adhesin genes, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients in Thailand

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10453
Author(s):  
Nipaporn Tewawong ◽  
Siriporn Kowaboot ◽  
Yaowaluk Pimainog ◽  
Naiyana Watanagul ◽  
Thanunrat Thongmee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections and are often caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We investigated the distribution of phylogenetic groups, adhesin genes, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation in E. coli isolated from patients with UTIs. Methods In the present study, 208 UPEC isolated from Thai patients were classified into phylogenetic groups and adhesin genes were detected using multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using agar disk diffusion. The Congo red agar method was used to determine the ability of the UPEC to form biofilm. Results The most prevalent UPEC strains in this study belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (58.7%), followed by group C (12.5%), group E (12.0%), and the other groups (16.8%). Among adhesin genes, the prevalence of fimH (91.8%) was highest, followed by pap (79.3%), sfa (12.0%), and afa (7.7%). The rates of resistance to fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and amoxicillin-clavulanate were  65%, 54.3%, and 36.5%, respectively. The presence of adhesin genes and antibiotic resistance were more frequent in groups B2 and C compared to the other groups. Of the 129 multidrug-resistant UPEC strains, 54% were biofilm producers. Our findings further indicated that biofilm production was significantly correlated with the pap adhesin gene (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion These findings provide molecular epidemiologic data, antibiotic resistance profiles, and the potential for biofilm formation among UPEC strains that can inform further development of the appropriate prevention and control strategies for UTIs in this region.

scholarly journals Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from clinical isolates in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Katongole ◽  
Fatuma Nalubega ◽  
Najjuka Christine Florence ◽  
Benon Asiimwe ◽  
Irene Andia
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Introduction: Uropathogenic E. coli is the leading cause of Urinary tract infections (UTIs), contributing to 80-90% of all community-acquired and 30-50% of all hospital-acquired UTIs. Biofilm forming Uropathogenic E. coli are associated with persistent and chronic inflammation leading to complicated and or recurrent UTIs. Biofilms provide an environment for poor antibiotic penetration and horizontal transfer of virulence genes which favors the development of Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Understanding biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance determinants of Uropathogenic E. coli strains will provide insight into the development of treatment options for biofilm-associated UTIs. The aim of this study was to determine the biofilm forming capability, presence of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Uropathogenic E. coli isolates in Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried in the Clinical Microbiology and Molecular biology laboratories at the Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences. We randomly selected 200 Uropathogenic E. coli clinical isolates among the stored isolates collected between January 2018 and December 2018 that had significant bacteriuria (>105 CFU). All isolates were subjected to biofilm detection using the Congo Red Agar method and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby disk diffusion method. The isolates were later subjected PCR for the detection of Urovirulence genes namely; Pap, Fim, Sfa, Afa, Hly and Cnf, using commercially designed primers.Results: In this study, 62.5% (125/200) were positive biofilm formers and 78% (156/200) of these were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The isolates were most resistant to Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole and Amoxicillin (93%) followed by gentamycin (87%) and the least was imipenem (0.5%). Fim was the most prevalent Urovirulence gene (53.5%) followed by Pap (21%), Sfa (13%), Afa (8%), Cnf (5.5%) and Hyl (0%).Conclusions: We demonstrate a high prevalence of biofilm-forming Uropathogenic E. coli strains that are highly associated with the MDR phenotype. We recommend routine surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation to understand the antibiotics suitable in the management of biofilm-associated UTIs.

scholarly journals Detection of biofilm formation, extended spectrum beta lactamase production and their correlation with antibiotic resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Vijetha Sajjanar ◽  
D E Premlatha
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Drug Study ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice and is predominant organism causing UTI.: 1.To study antibiotic resistance pattern among uropathogenic (UPEC). 2.To study extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production and their correlation with antibiotic resistance among uropathogenic (UPEC). 3.To study biofilm formation and its correlation with antibiotic resistance among uropathogenic (UPEC)A prospective study was conducted on first 100 isolated from urine specimens of patients suspected to be having urinary tract infection between January 2016 and December 2016 received at Department of Microbiology, SIMS Shimoga. Fresh midstream urine samples were aseptically collected in sterile containers and plated on Blood agar & MacConkey agar plates using a standard loop technique & the growth was processed by standard bacteriological technique. Biofilm detection was done by tube and microtitre plate method. ESBL detection was done according to CLSI criteria. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done using Kirby-Bauer methods on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results were interpreted as per the CLSI guidelines.Antibiotic sensitivity of was nitrofurantoin (100%) fosfomycin (100%) imipenem (77%) cotrimoxazole (61%) amikacin (47%) aztreonam (53%) piperacillintazobactam (41%). cefotaxim (25%) ceftazidime (32%) norfloxacin (20%) ampicillin-sulbactam (12%) ciprofloxacin (15%), levofloxacin (12%), amoxiclavulanicacid (15%). ESBL positive were 83% (screening), 80% (confirmatory). Biofilm positive were 63% (tube method) 79% (Microtiterplate method).This study showed Fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin were the most sensitive drug. Study shows antibiotic resistance was seen more in ESBL and Biofilm producers compared to non ESBL and non biofilm producers.

scholarly journals Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Palestinian Patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ghaleb Adwan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Class 1

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is considered one of the most frequent intestinal and extraintestinal pathogen. Methods:  A total of 49 isolates of E. coli were collected from different clinical samples, from different hospitals in Northern West Bank-Palestine, during January-March 2019. Aims: To detect the distribution of Type III secretion system (T3SS) genes, class 1, 2 and 3 integrons, virulence factors (fyuA, papGIII, iutA and sfa⁄foc) using multiplex PCR and antibiotic resistance using disc diffusion method. Results: In this study, E. coli isolates showed high resistance rate against different types of antibiotics and 71.4% of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Only class 1 integron was detected in these isolates with prevalence 57%, and 65.7% of MDR isolates carried integron genes. The prevalence of T3SS genes was 0.0%. In addition, results of this study showed that the prevalence of virulence genes papGIII, sfa⁄foc, fyuA and iutA was 4.1%, 40%, 64%, and 79.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The isolates of E. coli showed high resistance rate against different types of antibiotics. The co-occurrence of class 1 integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes in these isolates is an additional threat for spread of the antimicrobial resistance traits which may further complicate future strategies for treatment the infections caused by this pathogen. In addition, E. coli isolated from Palestinian patients showed one or more virulence factors that could increase their pathogenic potential.

scholarly journals Correlation of pathogenic factors with antimicrobial resistance of clinical Proteus mirabilis strains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Filipiak ◽  
Magdalena Chrapek ◽  
Elżbieta Literacka ◽  
Monika Wawszczak ◽  
Stanisław Głuszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics

AbstractProteus mirabilis is the third most common etiological factor of the urinary tract infection (UTI). It produces urease, which contributes to the formation of crystalline biofilm, considered to be one of the most important virulence factors of P. mirabilis strains, along with their ability to swarm on a solid surface. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathogenic properties of two selected groups of clinical P. mirabilis isolates, antimicrobial-susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR), collected from hospitals in different regions in Poland. The strains were examined based on virulence gene profiles, urease and hemolysin production, biofilm formation, and swarming properties. Additionally, the strains were differentiated based on the Dienes test and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. It turned out that the MDR strains exhibited kinship more often than susceptible ones. The strains which were able to form stronger biofilm had broader antimicrobial resistance profiles. It was also found that the strongest swarming motility correlated with susceptibility to most antibiotics. The correlations described in this work encourage further investigation of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of P. mirabilis.Author summaryProteus mirabilis is widely widespread in environment but also it is responsible for most Proteus infections, especially in human urinary tracts. They cause complicated, persistent infections especially due to the ability to form urinary stones. The clinical importance of P. mirabilis have been described in the literature many times. However, the role of pathogenic features with correlation to drug resistance require further investigation. In this research we analyzed thee virulence factors in relation to drug resistance of clinical P. mirabilis strains isolated from urine. The virulence genes, ureolytic and hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, swarming growth and strains kindship were analyzed. The most important observation was that the strains exhibited a stronger territorialism were kindred to a lower number of other strains, formed weaker biofilm and exhibited a lower resistance to antibiotics. Furthermore, we proved that the strains which were more likely to mutual growth, they were also less similar in the drug resistance profile but exhibited a higher resistance to antibiotics, which can be beneficial for different bacteria living together. We believe that P. mirabilis with strong territorialism can represent a wild group of strains with poor experience of antibiotic pressure. The environmental influence (toxins, antibiotics, bacterial neighbors) stimulates the development of a less dispersed community with stronger biofilm, exchange of genes and increase of resistance to antibiotics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document