scholarly journals 100 years later, little has changed in Brazil: disinformation and pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1938-40
Author(s):  
Silva Heslley Machado
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Spanish Flu

About 100 years separate the last two pandemics that hit humanity, but scientific development does not seem to have impacted Brazilian society, including its leaders. Remedies without scientific proof, obviously without effectiveness, have been used in Brazil against the Spanish flu and nothing has changed against COVID-19. But perhaps today the process of disinformation is worse because the Internet and social networks are too efficient to spread Fake News, resulting in doctors, politicians and journalists prescribing all kinds of innocuous medicines. In this way, Brazil and its government conduct an erratic confrontation of the disease, based on scientific denialism, with tragic results.

Fake News Polarization for Sentiment Analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Chirag Visani ◽  
Vishal Sorathiya ◽  
Sunil Lavadiya
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Opinion Mining ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Sentiment Mining

The popularity of the internet has increased the use of e-commerce websites and news channels. Fake news has been around for many years, and with the arrival of social media and modern-day news at its peak, easy access to e-platform and exponential growth of the knowledge available on social media networks has made it intricate to differentiate between right and wrong information, which has caused large effects on the offline society already. A crucial goal in improving the trustworthiness of data in online social networks is to spot fake news so the detection of spam news becomes important. For sentiment mining, the authors specialise in leveraging Facebook, Twitter, and Whatsapp, the most prominent microblogging platforms. They illustrate how to assemble a corpus automatically for sentiment analysis and opinion mining. They create a sentiment classifier using the corpus that can classify between fake, real, and neutral opinions in a document.

scholarly journals A Reliable Weighting Scheme for the Aggregation of Crowd Intelligence to Detect Fake News

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Tchakounté ◽  
Ahmadou Faissal ◽  
Marcellin Atemkeng ◽  
Achille Ntyam
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Majority Vote ◽  
Internet User ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Vote Model ◽  
The Public

Social networks play an important role in today’s society and in our relationships with others. They give the Internet user the opportunity to play an active role, e.g., one can relay certain information via a blog, a comment, or even a vote. The Internet user has the possibility to share any content at any time. However, some malicious Internet users take advantage of this freedom to share fake news to manipulate or mislead an audience, to invade the privacy of others, and also to harm certain institutions. Fake news seeks to resemble traditional media to establish its credibility with the public. Its seriousness pushes the public to share them. As a result, fake news can spread quickly. This fake news can cause enormous difficulties for users and institutions. Several authors have proposed systems to detect fake news in social networks using crowd signals through the process of crowdsourcing. Unfortunately, these authors do not use the expertise of the crowd and the expertise of a third party in an associative way to make decisions. Crowds are useful in indicating whether or not a story should be fact-checked. This work proposes a new method of binary aggregation of opinions of the crowd and the knowledge of a third-party expert. The aggregator is based on majority voting on the crowd side and weighted averaging on the third-party side. An experimentation has been conducted on 25 posts and 50 voters. A quantitative comparison with the majority vote model reveals that our aggregation model provides slightly better results due to weights assigned to accredited users. A qualitative investigation against existing aggregation models shows that the proposed approach meets the requirements or properties expected of a crowdsourcing system and a voting system.

scholarly journals Fake News Reaching Young People on Social Networks: Distrust Challenging Media Literacy

Publications ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ana Pérez-Escoda ◽  
Luis Miguel Pedrero-Esteban ◽  
Juana Rubio-Romero ◽  
Carlos Jiménez-Narros
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Young People ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The Media ◽  
Special Concern

Current societies are based on huge flows of information and knowledge circulating on the Internet, created not only by traditional means but by all kinds of users becoming producers, which leads to fake news and misinformation. This situation has been exacerbated by the pandemic to an unprecedented extent through social media, with special concern among young people. This study aims to provide significant data about the youngest generation in Spain (Generation Z) regarding their media and information consumption, their social network use, and their relationship with fake news, all in relation to the feeling of reliability/trust. Focusing on a convenience sample of 408 young Spanish students from Generation Z aged 18 to 22, a descriptive exploratory study is presented. Data collection was performed with an adapted questionnaire. Results show that young Spanish people use networks for information, showing a surprising lack of trust in social networks as the media they consume the most. The content they consume the most since the occurrence of COVID-19 is related to politics, entertainment, humor, and music. On the other hand, distrust of politicians, media, and journalists is evident. The conclusion is that media literacy is still more necessary than ever, but with the added challenge of mistrust: maybe it is time to rethink media literacy.

Extreme Gradient Boosting for Cyberpropaganda Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaouhar Fattahi ◽  
Mohamed Mejri ◽  
Marwa Ziadia
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Bag Of Words ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Inverse Document Frequency ◽  
Document Frequency ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting ◽  
New Phenomena

Propaganda, defamation, abuse, insults, disinformation and fake news are not new phenomena and have been around for several decades. However, with the advent of the Internet and social networks, their magnitude has increased and the damage caused to individuals and corporate entities is becoming increasingly greater, even irreparable. In this paper, we tackle the detection of text-based cyberpropaganda using Machine Learning and NLP techniques. We use the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm for learning and detection, in tandem with Bag-of-Words (BoW) and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) for text vectorization. We highlight the contribution of gradient boosting and regularization mechanisms in the performance of the explored model.

scholarly journals Against Misinformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice L. Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
The U.S

An analysis of ‘misinformation’, a primary framing for vaccination dissent, illuminates weaknesses in understanding vaccination controversy and the dissemination of false beliefs. Rather than approaching vaccine dissenters as misinformed, we can identify how untruths circulate in good-faith efforts to identify facts and clarify the challenges that the Internet poses to elites’ control of information. When we shift our view, we can see how narrow social networks and lack of empathy for others drives polarized perceptions of “fake news” and threatening cultural trends. The antidote to these problems is education in empathy, enhanced identification with others different from ourselves. Examples from the Covid-19 pandemic and Black Lives Matter protests in the U.S. provide illuminating perspectives about how the humanities can be harnessed to solve persistent social problems.

scholarly journals Redes sociales, desinformación, cibersoberanía y vigilancia digital: una visión desde la ciberseguridad

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Mariano Bartolomé
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Digital Surveillance

After a development of more than fifty years, today the Internet has established itself as the key element of cyberspace. Network users exceed half of the world's population, while its impact reaches all sides of contemporary societies. Today, free access to the Internet is inserted in the field of human rights; however, at the same time, concerns about the credibility of information stored on the network are increasing. This article will focus, from the point of view of cybersecurity, on three main topics related to the respect of individual rights and guarantees: Internet accessibility and digital surveillance; social networks and the privacy of personal data; and the use of those social networks in the execution of disinformation operations that include fake news and post-truth narratives.

scholarly journals SOCIAL MEDIA IN INFORMATION WARFARE. ASSAULT WEAPON WITH HIGH RECOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Alin PREDA
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Information Propagation ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Institutional Communication ◽  
Assault Weapon

Beyond the benefits or risks of individual or institutional communication through social media, we must note that it is the perfect environment for fake news and propaganda because of the speed of information propagation, the unfriendly environment for checking sources, algorithms behind social networks and, last but not least, the extremely low cost. In other words, the Internet and web 2.0 have created the favorable framework for the conduct of the war "for minds and hearts", as it can be called the information war waged through social media. Beyond these considerations, the non-regulation of the online domain - the lack of rules, be they deontological, make social media a powerful weapon of attack in this type of war. At the same time, the use of this space by state actors should be done with caution because it involves risks that could result in the loss of the most important action capacity: credibility. This article aims to analyze social media as a tool in information warfare

scholarly journals Are there competition issues associated with fake news during COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-719
Author(s):  
Ivana Rakić
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Union Competition

Fake news is getting more attention because of the Internet and the rise of the online platforms and social networks, particularly in the age of COVID-19. Its sudden popularization creates important issues regarding how this phenomenon affects the society and democracy, as well as the consumers, competition and market. The question is what happens when fake news are spread (online) and misused during pandemic - whether to apply the European Union competition law in such cases? The author considers that European Commission should not deal with fake news challenges in the context of potential anticompetitive conducts. It is pointed out that fake news problem is not a competitive problem because the struggle against fake news is about the content not the competition and market power.

Update of the last 2 years on the impact of the internet and social networks on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: simple review. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayli Lañas-Navarro ◽  
Jose Ipanaque-Calderon Sr ◽  
Fiorela E Solano
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Research on the use of the Internet in the medical field is experiencing many advances, including mobile applications, social networks, telemedicine. Its implementation in medical care and comprehensive patient management is a much discussed topic at present. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to understand the impact of the internet and social networks on the management of diabetes, both for patients and medical staff. METHODS The bibliographic search was carried out in the databases Pubmed, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Lilacs between 2018 to 2020. RESULTS Multiple mobile applications have been created for the help and control of diabetic patients, as well as the implementation of online courses, improving the knowledge of health personnel applying them in the field of telemedicine. CONCLUSIONS The use of the Internet and social networks brings many benefits for both the diabetic patient and the health personnel, offering advantages for both.

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