Substitution of fishmeal with solid-state fermented pigeon pea and effects on growth and gut microbiomes of Nile Tilapia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
U.D. Enyidi ◽  
C. Oyazi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Fish Group ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Solid state fermented pigeon pea meal (FPP) was used in substituting fish meal (FM) in diets of Oreochromis niloticus. Five diets varying in inclusion levels of FM: FPP as followed: Feed 1, 250:50; Feed 2, 200:100; Feed 3, 150:150; Feed 4, 100:200 and Feed 5, 50:250 were made. A commercial feed (Feed 6), was used as a control. Triplicate groups of tilapia fingerling were stocked in plastic aquaria at six fish per unit and fed ad libitum for 60days. Results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) of tilapia fed Feed 5 (2.60±0.12% day-1) was better (p<0.05) than those recorded in Feed 1 (2.36±.07 % day-1). Similarly, food conversion ratio (FCR) (1.13±0.01) and mean weight gain (60.00±0.04g) were higher (p<0.05) in Feed 5 when compared with those in Feed 1 where FCR was 1.19±0.02 and MWG (50.96±0.04g). The results of Aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) decreased with increasing inclusion level of FPP. Gut microbial load increased with increasing level of FPP. The fish group fed Feed 5 had the highest foregut (2.60 x 10-5 CFU/ml), midgut (3.98 x 10-5 CFU/ml) and hindgut (4.52 x 10-5 CFU/ml) micrbiota. In general, gut microbiomes were dominated by cellulose and carbohydrate utilizing bacteria: Citrobacter fruendi, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Inference from the study revealed that O. niloticus was able to utilize the diets due to the presence of probiotics in them.

scholarly journals Assessment of growth performance of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus) fed with feed produced from blend of pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan) bambara groundnut (Vignasubterranea) and fish meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
C.N. Ishiwu ◽  
A.G. Opara ◽  
J.E. Obiegbuna ◽  
P.A. Okeke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Fish Feeds

A 3-factor -factorial experiment (2K) was designed to produce fish feeds from mixture of pigeon pea, bambara groundnut and fish meal as major ingredients, while maize, red palm oil, salt and micro nutrient pre-mix were added as minor ingredients. The raw materials were processed into flours. The ingredients were weighed out in various ratios and mixed. The mixture was extruded; sun-dried and packaged and labeled F1-F8 and a commercial feed labeled F9 served as control. The feeds were feed to juvenile Clariasgariepinus kept in 9 separate plastic bowels and fed for 42 days. The forty-five fish of uniform weight and age were grouped into 9 and stocked in the nine artificial ponds, each pond contained five fish. The feeds were analyzed for proximate composition, while the growth performance of the fish was evaluated at the end of the feeding period. Result showed that F3 (20g pigeon pea, 20g Bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) contains the highest protein (33.14 %) and F1(20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) the least (23.13 %). F3 exhibited the highest specific growth rate (1.14 %) followed by the F9 (control) which contains 1.09%. The highest weight gain (16 g) was observed in the fish fed the control feed. However, F3 and F4 (20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 18g fish meal) ranked next to the control with respect to growth performance. It is therefore possible to produce quality catfish feed from bend of pigeon pea, Bambara ground nut and fish meal. Keywords: catfish, fish feed, bambara groundnut, pigeon pea, fish meal

scholarly journals Influence of supplying bullfrog tadpoles with feed containing 28% crude protein on performance and enzymatic activities

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Teixeira de Seixas Filho ◽  
Maria Goreti Almeida Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme de Souza Moura ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Silvana Lages Ribeiro Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Commercial Feed

The objective of this study was evaluate the influence of feeding bullfrog tadpoles on commercial feed containing 28% crude protein (CP), on their digestive enzyme performance and activities. The experiment lasted 60 days, at the density of one tadpole/L in boxes containing 30 L water. A hundred and twenty tadpoles at the 25 Gosner stage averaging weight and length was 0.046 g and 6.22 mm, respectively, were used. Survival rate, length, final weight, weight gain, feed consumption, apparent food conversion, specific growth rate and activities of chime, amylase, lipase and trypisin were the parameters evaluated, biweekly, in five biometries. Quadratic effect was observed for the length and the weight. There was larger growth of the tadpoles from the 15th to the 45th day (19.82 mm). On the 15th day, the tadpoles presented the largest specific growth rate (16.93%/day), and the largest weight gain (5.460 g), feed intake (14.099 g) and the best apparent food conversion (2.46) was from the 45th to the 60th day. The specific activity of amylase was 205 times greater at 60 days when compared to the beginning of the experiment. The results demonstrated that, for the three enzymes studied, the action capacity over the tadpole chime increased significantly after the 30th experimental day. Moreover, they suggested a greater capacity of tadpoles to digest carbohydrates in detriment to proteins, and this fact was accentuated in the initial phase of the exogenous feeding of this amphibian. The commercial feed with 28% CP provide good performance in the bullfrog tadpoles, indicating the juvenile formation within commercial bullfrog farming standards.

scholarly journals Efecto de la torta de Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) sobre el desempeño productivo de juveniles de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.)

Respuestas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alejandro Miranda-Gelvez ◽  
Camilo Ernesto Guerrero-Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis ◽  
Sacha Inchi

Antecedentes: El cultivo de Sacha Inchi (P. volubilis) viene siendo desarrollado en la selva amazónica peruana y en Colombia se cultiva principalmente en el departamento del Putumayo. Hoy en día existen propuestas de su implementación en la región del Catatumbo Norte Santandereano. Objetivo: En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de Torta de Sacha Inchi (TSI) (Plukenetia volubilis), como fuente de proteína en dietas para juveniles de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.). Metodología: Fueron preparadas cuatro dietas experimentales en las cuales se incluyó la TSI, como sustituto parcial de la harina de pescado en los siguientes porcentajes 0%, 5%, 10% y 20%. Fueron utilizados 144 juveniles de tilapia con peso inicial de 5,8 ± 0,9 g, los cuales fueron alimentados con ocho raciones diarias durante 55 días para evaluar: ganancia de peso (GP), conversión alimenticia (CA), tasa específica de crecimiento (TEC), tasa de eficiencia proteica (TEP), índice hepatosomático (IHS) y porcentaje de sobrevivencia (%S). Resultados: Los resultados no evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) en ninguna de las dietas para CA y %S. Sin embargo, los parámetros: GP, TEC, TEP y IHS presentaron valores significativamente elevados para inclusiones de 0, 5 y 10%, difiriendo estadísticamente (p<0,01) del nivel inclusión de 20%. Conclusión: Se concluye que P. volubilis puede sustituir la harina de pescado hasta en un nivel de 10% de inclusión. Abstract Background:The cultivation of Sacha Inchi (P. volubilis) has been developed in the Peruvian Amazon and in Colombia is grown mainly in the Department of Putumayo. There are proposals nowadays for implementation of this crop in the Catatumbo region (Norte de Santander). Objective: This study assessed the effect of Sacha Inchi cake (SIC) (Plukenetia volubilis) inclusion as a source of protein in diets for juveniles of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp). Methodology: four experimental diets including SIC as a partial substitute of fishmeal were prepared in the following percentages: 0%, 5%, 10% and 20%. 144 juvenile tilapia with initial weight of 5.8 ± 0.9 g were used, being fed with eight daily rations during 55 days to assess: weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), hepatosomatic index (HI) and survival rate (%S). Results: The results showed no significant differences (p> 0.05) in any of the diets for FC and %S. However, the parameters: WG, SGR, PER and HI had significantly higher values for inclusions of 0,5 and 10%, being statistically different (p <0.01) from the 20% inclusion level. Conclusion: It is concluded that P. volubilis can replace fish meal up to a 10% level of inclusionPalabras clave: Harina de pescado, Índice hepatosomático, Nutrición de peces, Piscicultura, Sobrevivencia. 

scholarly journals Understanding the Interaction Effects between Dietary Lipid Content and Rearing Temperature on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Fat Deposition of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Lydia Katsika ◽  
Mario Huesca Flores ◽  
Yannis Kotzamanis ◽  
Alicia Estevez ◽  
Stavros Chatzifotis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Fish Group

This study was conducted to elucidate the interaction effects of temperature and dietary lipid levels (2 × 2 factorial experiment) on the growth performance, muscle, and liver composition in adult farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Two groups of fish (190 g; 60 fish per group) were distributed in 12 tanks in triplicates and kept at two different temperature regimes; one starting at 23 °C and then changed to 17 °C for 61 days, and the other starting at 17 °C and then changed to 23 °C for 39 days. Two commercial diets containing both ~44% crude protein but incorporating different dietary lipid levels, 16.5% (D16) and 20.0% (D20) (dry matter (DM)), were fed to the fish to apparent satiation; the type of diet fed to each fish group remained constant throughout the experiment. Final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were significantly higher for the fish group held at 23 °C compared to the fish group at 17 °C (before the temperature changes), while the dietary fat content did not have any profound effect in both groups. Furthermore, the different temperature regimes did not affect muscle or liver composition, but, on the contrary, dietary lipids affected hepatosomatic, perivisceral fat, and visceral indexes. Feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate were not affected by the dietary lipid level. An interaction of temperature and dietary lipid content was observed in daily feed consumption (DFC) and final body weight (FBW).

scholarly journals Response Analysis Of Urban Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Which Is Exposed to Crude Protein Zoothamniumpenaei Oral and Maintained In Ponds

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
M. Ferri Tahta Rohmin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Response Increase

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were immune response, specific growth rate and survival rate of shrimp vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) in ponds. The research method used was experimental to know the effect of feed use and added crude protein Zoothamnium penaei on vaname shrimp (Lithopenaeus vannamei) in pond. The sample used is shrimp vaname (Lithopenaeus vannamei) as much as 10,000 heads of juvenile stadia. The food used is commercial feed added crude protein Zoothamnium penaei with a dose of 150 μl / head, which is given 7 times every 7 days interval from the age of 1 day up to Shrimp aged 56 days in ponds. The results showed that there was an increase of immune response (increase of THC and DHC) due to feeding added by Zoothamnium penaei crude. The highest total of Haemocytes (THC) occurred in commercial-fed shrimp and added crude protein ie 56,58 x 106 cell / ml, And the lowest in shrimp shrimp that is not given its crude protein 23.57 x 106 cells / ml. Similarly, the highest Differential Haemosite Count (DHC) also occurred in shrimps fed commercial and added crude protein, 26.57% aged 60 days in ponds and 14.99% low on shrimp not given 90 day crude protein in ponds . Results of parasite shrimp infestation examination exposed with crude protein showed that the highest Zoothamnium penaei infestation was obtained in shrimp fed with artificial feed and not added crude protein Zoothamnium penaei that is 63,35% in shrimp age 90 days. While the shrimp were given artificial feed and added crude protein Zoothamnium penaei infestation Zoothamnium penaei highest of 14.27% in 90 days old shrimp.The highest specific rate of vaname shrimp growth also occurred in shrimp fed commercial and added crude protein Zoothamnium penaei highest of 53.46% and the lowest 16.15% in shrimps aged 90 days in ponds. The highest shrimp life occurrence occurred in commercial vaname shrimp and added crude protein Zoothamnium penaei age of 90 days which has a higher tendency than shrimp that is not given crude protein that is 72% and 21%. The addition of Zoothamnium crude protein to commercial feed as immunostimulant material may enhance immune response, specific growth and shelf life of 30, 60 and 90 days old shrimp in ponds, so that it can be developed as an immunostimulant material.Keyword: Litopenaeus Vannamei, Zoothamnium penaei, udang vanamei

scholarly journals Effect of dietary incorporation of fish/prawn meal on performance of Catla catla (Hamilton) during nursery phase

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Pratap Chandra Das ◽  
Suhas Prakash Kamble ◽  
Kartik Chandra Parida ◽  
Kedar Nath Mohanta
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Final Length

Nursery evaluation of catla spawn was carried out by feeding three iso-nitrogenous diets (35% protein in raw and cooked form) for a period of 30 days. The three test diets (treatments) in raw form were: T1 - groundnut oil cake (GOC) + rice bran (RB) + vitamin-mineral (V-M) premix; T2 - GOC+RB+fish meal (FM) + V-M premix, T3 - GOC+RB+prawn meal (PM)+V-M premix. The diet groups GT1, GT2 and GT3 respectively were same feed combinations in cooked form. Incorporation of prawn meal as animal protein source led to significantly higher final weight, final length, % weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to diet with and without fish meal incorporation. Whereas, diet containing fish meal improved the fry growth and survival rate only when it was cooked. Cooked diet either with fish or prawn meal incorporation led to better fry growth over the respective non-cooked diets, revealing the advantage of cooking process for better nourishment in catla fry during nursery phase.

scholarly journals Freshwater-adapted sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax feeding frequency impact in a lettuce Lactuca sativa aquaponics system

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11522
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Stathopoulou ◽  
Panagiotis Berillis ◽  
Nikolaos Vlahos ◽  
Eleni Nikouli ◽  
Konstantinos A. Kormas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Fish Group ◽  
Average Body

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three daily fish feeding frequencies, two, four and eight times per day (FF2, FF4, and FF8, respectively) on growth performance of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)and lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa) reared in aquaponics. 171 juvenile sea bass with an average body weight of 6.80 ± 0.095 g were used, together with 24 lettuce plants with an average initial height of 11.78 ± 0.074 cm over a 45-day trial period. FF2 fish group showed a significantly lower final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate than the FF4 and FF8 groups. Voluntary feed intake was similar for all the three feeding frequencies treatmens (p > 0.05). No plant mortality was observed during the 45-day study period. All three aquaponic systems resulted in a similar leaf fresh weight and fresh and dry aerial biomass. The results of the present study showed that the FF4 or FF8 feeding frequency contributes to the more efficient utilization of nutrients for better growth of sea bass adapted to fresh water while successfully supporting plant growth to a marketable biomass.

scholarly journals Using shrimp head meal as protein replacement of fish meal in diets for juvenile of Totoaba macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
Luis Daniel Espinosa-Chaurand ◽  
Antonio Silva-Loera ◽  
Zaúl García-Esquivel ◽  
Lus Mercedes López-Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Apparent Digestibility Coefficient ◽  
Shrimp Head ◽  
Totoaba Macdonaldi

In diets for Totoaba macdonaldi juveniles (26.3 ± 4.7g y 13.6 ± 1cm) the partial replacement of fishmeal protein (HP) with shrimp head meal (HCC) was evaluated, over their growth, survival, fed conversion (FCA) and chemical composition of tissues and the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter (CDA), protein (CDAP) and lipids (CDAL) of these diets. The HCC used were from the whole shrimp head sun dried (F) and smashed shrimp head dehydrated in a hot air drier. Diets were isoproteic (55.5% crude protein), isolipídic (15% lipids) and isocaloric (4.6 kcal g-1) replacing 0% (control diet; DC), 15% (F15 and M15) and 30% (F30 and M30) of the HP protein by the HCC. At 57th day, survival with HCC (99.44 ± 1.92%) was higher than DC (88.89 ± 3.85 %). The gain weight, weight specific growth (TCE) and total intake were not statistically different (P > 0.05) between organisms feed with HCC, however with the M30 diet the TCE had higher average (0.99 ± 0.06) and growth (19.82 ± 1.64 g/fish). With diet M30 the FCA was the best significantly (1.61 ± 0.13) and the higher CDA (66.18 ± 1.28), CDAP (86.51 ± 0.53) and CDAL (72.29 ± 1.10). It concluded that replaced protein of HP by HCC in diet for juvenile totoaba improved the growth and CDAs, yielding better results with the inclusion of macerated HCC with a replacement level of 30%.

scholarly journals Utilization of fish waste as fish meal substitute in formulated fish diet on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fish fry (Oreochromis niloticus)

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Anizah M.R. ◽  
S.R. Manaf ◽  
Hilaliyah M.J.N.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Significant Difference

Fish meal is generally expended as the foremost protein supply in the fish diet. The rising cost of this component inflicted the aquaculture industry to seek a substitute in lessening the pellet cost. Thus, fish waste was tested in this study to investigate its viability. An experiment was performed to study the effects of fish waste and carcass on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fry. Solid fish waste of three different common species available in Mukah’s wet market was formulated into an artificial diet. The diet was formulated into three treatments consist of three protein levels (40%, 45% and 50%) with 4000 kcal/kg energy. A controlled group was fed with a commercial pellet consisting of 45% protein level. Fish were fed at 4% of body weight twice daily for 45 days. Fry reared in a controlled group was discovered highest weight gain, specific growth rate and length gain. There was no significant difference in all treatments for all parameters measured. The lowest weight gain and specific growth rate were recorded in fish fed 45% protein level (T2) group. Fish in T3 (50%) achieved the highest survival rate while T1 (40%) group recorded the lowest. The best and lowest Feed Conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in the control group. In conclusion, the performance of formulated feed using fish waste is similar to commercial pellet as no significant difference can be observed in all parameters measured.

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