scholarly journals Assessment of growth performance of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus) fed with feed produced from blend of pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan) bambara groundnut (Vignasubterranea) and fish meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
C.N. Ishiwu ◽  
A.G. Opara ◽  
J.E. Obiegbuna ◽  
P.A. Okeke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Fish Feeds

A 3-factor -factorial experiment (2K) was designed to produce fish feeds from mixture of pigeon pea, bambara groundnut and fish meal as major ingredients, while maize, red palm oil, salt and micro nutrient pre-mix were added as minor ingredients. The raw materials were processed into flours. The ingredients were weighed out in various ratios and mixed. The mixture was extruded; sun-dried and packaged and labeled F1-F8 and a commercial feed labeled F9 served as control. The feeds were feed to juvenile Clariasgariepinus kept in 9 separate plastic bowels and fed for 42 days. The forty-five fish of uniform weight and age were grouped into 9 and stocked in the nine artificial ponds, each pond contained five fish. The feeds were analyzed for proximate composition, while the growth performance of the fish was evaluated at the end of the feeding period. Result showed that F3 (20g pigeon pea, 20g Bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) contains the highest protein (33.14 %) and F1(20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) the least (23.13 %). F3 exhibited the highest specific growth rate (1.14 %) followed by the F9 (control) which contains 1.09%. The highest weight gain (16 g) was observed in the fish fed the control feed. However, F3 and F4 (20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 18g fish meal) ranked next to the control with respect to growth performance. It is therefore possible to produce quality catfish feed from bend of pigeon pea, Bambara ground nut and fish meal. Keywords: catfish, fish feed, bambara groundnut, pigeon pea, fish meal

scholarly journals Effect of fish feeds with high vegetable oil and low fish oil content on the growth performance and innate immune system of common carp (preliminary results)

2009 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
László Ardó ◽  
Galina Jeney ◽  
András Rónyai ◽  
István Csengeri
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Feeds

Fish meal and fish oil are very important components of fish feeds used by aquaculture. They contain poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which are essential nutrients both for fish and human nutrition. However, sources of fish meal and fish oil are limited, there is a need for new feed components to supply the increasing fish production and the increasing demand for fish feed. The aim of AQUAMAX project, supported by the European Union is to replace the fish meal and fish oil with vegetable oils. As a participant of this project, group of immunology in ResearchInstitute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI) examined the effect of three different fish feeds on the growth performance, innate immune response and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection of common carp in an in vivo experiment. Fish feed supplemented with Camelina oil, but still containing fish oil significantly increased growth performance of experimental fish and their resistance against the infection. Fish feed containing linseed oil only did not enhance the growth performance, and it had a negative effect on resistance against infection. Based on the experimental results it can be concluded that fish oil used in fish feeds cannot be replaced effectively with vegetable oils, but can be supplemented with them. 

scholarly journals Efficacy of acidified phytase supplemented cottonseed meal based diets on growth performance and proximate composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ahmad ◽  
S. M. Hussain ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
M. Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan ◽  
S. Tabassum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract The growth of aquaculture sector is strongly dependent upon the continuous supply of inexpensive fish feed with balanced nutritional profile. However, fish meal (FM) is unable to satisfy this demand due to its scarce supply and high cost. In order to test the potential of cottonseed meal (CSM) as a fish meal replacer, a feeding trial of 12 weeks was conducted to check growth performance and proximate composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. The protein ration of the test feed was satisfied by replacing FM with CSM at 0, 25, 50 and 75%. Sixteen test diets viz., TD1 (control), TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9, TD10, TD11, TD12, TD13, TD14, TD15 and TD16 were supplemented with citric acid (CA; 0 and 2.5%) and phytase (PHY; 0 and 750 FTU/kg) in a completely randomized design with 3×3 factorial arrangement. The highest weight gain (11.03g), weight gain% (249.21%), specific growth rate (1.39) and best feed conversion ratio (1.20) were recorded by fish fed with TD12. Furthermore, the same level increased the crude protein (59.26%) and fat (16.04%) being significantly different (p<0.05) than that of control. Conclusively, the addition of acidified phytase (CA; 2.5%, PHY; 750 FTU/kg) in TD12 (CSM=50%) led to the improved growth and proximate composition of L. rohita fingerlings.

Effect of fish meal substitution with fermented soy pulp on growth performance, digestive enzyme, amino acid profile, and immune-related gene expression of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Aquaculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 546 ◽  
pp. 737418
Author(s):  
Zulhisyam Abdul Kari ◽  
Muhammad Anamul Kabir ◽  
Mahmoud A.O. Dawood ◽  
Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul Razab ◽  
Nik Shahman Nik Ahmad Ariff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Immune Related Gene

scholarly journals TEPUNG DAUN SINGKONG (Monihot utilissima) TUA SEBAGAI SUMBER PROTEIN ALTERNATIF DALAM FORMULA PAKAN IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syahrizal Syahrizal ◽  
Muarofah Ghofur ◽  
. Safratilofa ◽  
Rahmat Sam
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Protein Substitute ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Alternative Protein

AbstractThe feed as a source of energy for the growth of fish is a component of the most important costs 40-89% and the quality should be good. The solution is through research. Research in the form of meal cassava leaves (Monihot utilissima) parents as a source of alternative protein substitute for fish meal in feed formulation catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The design used Complete Random Design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The results showed that for the growth and the survival between treatments were not significant (P <0.5), meaning that all treatments were no differences can be categorized and feed ingredients of flour cassava leaves can replace most of the presence of meal fish  in fish feed formulas African catfish. Growth of the best catfish are on treatment A (55% meal cassava leaf: 00% fish meal) with daily growth of 8.27 grams was 2.61% and the B (40%% meal cassava leaves: 15% meal fish) 5.28 gram with daily growth is 1.86%, followed by C (15%%  meal cassava leaves: 15% meal fish ) 1:51% and D (0% meal cassava leaves : 55% meal fish ) 1:33%. Catfish survival rate was not significant (P <0.5), and relatively equally well A (96.17%), B (94.77) and C (95.92) and the best in treatment for D (96.37 ). As users are advised to wear formulations in treatment B (40% meal fish and 15%  meal cassava leaves old). Keywords: Catfish, Ffeed, Meal fish, Meal cassava leaves AbstrakPakan sebagai sumber energi bagi pertumbuhan ikan  merupakan komponen biaya yang paling besar 40-89%  dan kualitasnya harus baik. Solusinya melalui penelitian. Penelitian berupa tepung daun  singkong (Monihot utilissima) tua sebagai sumber protein alternatif penganti tepung ikan dalam formulasi pakan ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Rancangan digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa untuk pertumbuhan dan kelulusan hidup antar perlakuan tidak signifikan (P < 0,5), artinya semua perlakuan  tidak ada perbedaan dan dapat dikatagorikan bahan pakan dari tepung daun singkong dapat mengantikan sebagian keberadaan tepung ikan dalam formula pakan ikan lele dumbo. Pertumbuhan ikan lele terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan A (55% tepung daun singkong : 00% tepung ikan) 8,27 gram dengan pertumbuhan harian adalah 2.61% dan  pada B (40%  % tepung daun singkong : 15% tepung ikan) 5,28 gram dengan pertumbuhan harian adalah 1.86%, diikuti C (15% % tepung daun singkong :15% tepung ikan) 1.51% dan D (0 % tepung daun singkong : 55% tepung ikan) 1.33%. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan lele tidak signifikan (P < 0,5), dan  relatif sama baiknya A (96,17%), B (94,77) dan C (95,92) dan terbaik pada perlakuan untuk D (96,37). Sebagai pengguna disarankan memakai formulasi pada perlakuan B (40% Tepung ikan dan 15% tepung daun singkong tua). Kata kunci: Ikan lele, Pakan, Tepung ikan, Tepung  Daun Singkong Tua

scholarly journals Utilization of Shrimp Shell Waste as Alternative Raw for Mariculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Tri Yulianto ◽  
Dwi Septiani Putri ◽  
Shavika Miranti ◽  
Wiwin Kusuma Atmaja Putra
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Shrimp Shell Waste

Feed is still one of the problems in aquaculture because it takes about 70% of operational costs. High prices is caused by imported raw materials for feed production. One possible effort to overcome this problem is to find alternative local raw materials to replace imported fish meal. The purpose of this study was to examine the proximate content of shrimp shell wastes from processing shrimp crackers (Paneus sp.) to be used as shrimp flour. Samples were colledted three times in a month, at the beginning, middle and end of the month. The waste of the heads, shells and tails of the shrimp were turned into flour for laboratory testing through proximate analysis. The data were tabulated using the Microsoft Excel softwareand then analyzed descriptively by comparing the nutrient content of shrimp waste flour with the feed requirements of mariculture. The results showed that shrimp shell flour contained protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash content of around 27.4%, 2.07%, 14.84% and 47.27%. while the resulting randemen ranged from 81.75%. Therefore, shrimp shell flour can be used as an alternative raw material for preparing marine fish feed.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Growth Performance and Nutrients Utilization of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1882) Fed Chicken Offal and Shrimp-Based Diets

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Elvis Monfung Ayim ◽  
Ettah Akpang Ivon ◽  
Raymond Odey Ajang ◽  
Akaninyene Paul Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fish Group

A comparative study on the growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed shrimp based diet (SBD), chicken offal based diet (COBD) and coppens feed was carried-out for 22 weeks in concrete tanks measuring 3.5 x 1.7 x 1.5 m3. Triplicate groups of 40 juveniles with average length of 9.15 ± 0.17cm and weight of 20.00 ± 2.58g were stored in each tank. A total of 360 juveniles were used throughout the study. Fish were fed daily at 3% of their body weight through-out the duration of the experiment. The nutrient composition of the 3 nutrients differed significantly at p<0.05. Weight gain (WG) (g) was highest (17189.33 ± 506.61g) in fish fed diet A (Coppens feed), followed by 15045.33±202.42 g (diet B) (SBD) and least (14357.33 ± 108.25 g) (diet C) (COBD). The Growth rate (GR) was highest in fish fed with diet A (111.62 ± 3.29 g/day), followed by 97.69±1.31 g/day (diet B), and least (93.23±0.70 g/day) in diet C. Specific growth rate (SGR) was highest in juveniles fed diet A (2.02 ± 0.02 %/day), followed by 1.94±0.01 %/day for diet B, and least (1.91±0.01 %/day) for diet C. Mean growth rate (MGR) was highest in juveniles fed diet A (11.88 ± 0.29 mg/day), followed by 11.74±0.15 mg/day for diet B, and least (11.69±0.09 mg/day) in fish fed diet C. The WG, GR and SGR varied significantly between the juvenile fish group fed the 3 diets at p<0.05, while MGR did not vary significantly between fish group fed the 3 diets at p>0.05. Fish fed diet A had a higher feed consumption (FC) (41650.00 ± 315.34 g/kg), than that fed diet B (39034.24 ± 86.34 g/kg) and then diet C (38276.00 ± 342.97 g/kg). Juveniles fed Coppens feed did better, with a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.42 ± 0.06, followed by 2.59±0.04 for diet B and 2.67 ± 0.03 for fish fed diet C. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was higher in fish fed diet A (41.26±0.94 %), followed by 38.54 ± 0.54 % (diet B) and least (37.52 ± 0.51 %) (diet C). The FC and FCR varied significantly between the fish fed the 3 diets at p<0.05, while FCE was not significantly different between the 3 treatment groups at p>0.05. The water parameters of the culture water varied significantly between each treatment groups (p<0.05), and were within the rage suitable for normal growth of fish. Though coppens feed yielded better growth performance and feed utilisation, the use of COBD and SBD is recommended for fish farmers in Nigeria. More researches should be carried out on using chicken offals and shrimps in fish feed formulation.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN KEONG MAS (Pomacea caniculata) SEBAGAI SUMBER BAHAN BAKU PAKAN IKAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
titin liana febriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
High Price ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Fish growth is influenced by several factors, one of which is feed. To overcome the high price of feed, the cultivators need to find alternative raw materials as a substitute for fish meal. One source of animal protein that can be a substitute for fish meal is mas snail flour (Pomacea caniculata). The purpose of this study is to know the benefits of snail pests as a source of raw materials of fish feed, knowing the best formulation for fish feed and to determine which protein content is best in fish feed. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments with 3 replications. From the research results can be seen that the best formulation is the C treatment of 50% fish meal and 50% golden snail flour, with the highest protein content of 34.26%. Keywords: Feed, snail mas, formulation, and protein. Abstrak Pertumbuhan ikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah pakan. Untuk mengatasi tingginya harga pakan, maka pembudidaya perlu mencari bahan baku alternatif sebagai pengganti tepung ikan. Salah satu sumber protein hewani yang dapat menjadi pengganti tepung ikan adalah tepung keong mas (Pomacea caniculata). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat hama keong mas sebagai sumber bahan baku pakan ikan, mengetahui formulasi yang terbaik untuk pakan ikan dan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein mana yang terbaik pada pakan ikan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa formulasi yang terabaik adalah perlakuan C yaitu 50% tepung ikan dan 50% tepung keong mas, dengan kandungan proteinnya yang tertinggi yaitu 34,26%. Kata kunci: Pakan, keong mas, formulasi, dan protein.

scholarly journals Single-cell Protein and Single-cell Oil Production from Agro-industrial By-products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Krišs Spalviņš
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
By Products

The aquaculture industry has been the fastest growing food production industry in the world for the last 25 years. In turn, wild capture has been stagnant for the last 20 years. As a result, in 2014 the aquaculture industry outpaced wild capture and today most fish and shellfish products are farmed in aquaculture rather than caught. Although aquaculture has a number of advantages over wild capture, the rapid development of aquaculture has led to a shortage of fish feeds. The aquaculture industry has tried to solve the feed shortage by replacing traditional feed ingredients with ones derived from agriculture, but this solution is inappropriate because plant-based ingredients are not suitable for the intestinal tract of farmed carnivorous fish, they lack several essential amino acids, and vegetable fats do not contain Omega-3 fatty acids essential in human diet. Therefore, it is necessary to find new raw materials that are suitable for use in fish feed, do not create additional burdens on the environment as wild capture and agriculture do, and also ensure that fish products fed with new raw materials are healthy for human consumption. The most suitable ingredients for these requirements are single-cell proteins (SCP) and single-cell oils (SCO). SCP and SCO are derived from microorganisms that are able to produce large amounts of proteins or oils in their cells. Currently, SCP and SCO production technologies are already used to produce high value-added products, such as pharmaceuticals, building-block chemicals, baby food, etc. However, these technologies involve the cultivation of the relevant microorganisms using refined sugars, which are relatively expensive and the use of such raw materials in the production of fish feed is not competitive. Therefore, in order to implement SCP and SCO technologies in the production of fish feeds, it is necessary to find cheap raw materials for the cultivation of microorganisms. The most suitable raw materials for the cultivation of microorganisms are biodegradable by-products of various industries. The aim of the work is to analyse the most suitable by-products for the cultivation of SCP and SCO producing microorganisms. The analysis includes: (1) literature analysis on all suitable by-products, describing the characteristics, availability and reported SCP and SCO yields when using by-products as substrates; (2) the development of a by-product supply optimization model and a case study for one by-product using the developed model; (3) creation of a laboratory stand for practical experiments; (4) experiment where SCP is produced from a previously unexplored by-product and a microorganism strain combination. The dissertation is created as a set of publications, which combines parts of scientific publications written during doctoral studies. The introduction to the work describes the aims and tasks of the work, as well as a description of scientific and practical significance. The first chapter describes the current situation in the aquaculture industry, the causes of fish feed shortages, possible solutions and the rationale for the production of SCP and SCO from by-products as the best alternative for the production of fish feed ingredients. The second chapter reviews the by-products that are suitable for the production of SCP and SCO, as well as describes the development of a by-product procurement model and a case study. The third chapter describes the creation of a laboratory stand. The fourth chapter describes practical experiments for obtaining SCP from waste cooking oil. At the end of the work, conclusions are made and recommendations are given.

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