Status of intestinal parasites in inmates of a correctional facility, Jos, Nigeria

Correctional inmates are among the vulnerable groups to intestinal parasitic infections due to deprived situations characterized by inadequate facilities, malnutrition, scarce potable water, over-crowding, and poor hygiene. Two hundred and fifty faeces of inmates of Jos Correctional Facility were investigated for the prevalence of intestinal parasites between May and June 2019, using the wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Results obtained showed that from the 250 faecal samples examined, 57(22.8%) were infected with various intestinal parasites. Nine (9) different intestinal parasites identified were Entamoeba histolytica 38.60%), Entamoeba coli (15.78%), Ancylostoma duodenale (4.04%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.53%), Taeniasp (8.77%), Schistosoma mansoni (3.51%), Giardia lamblia (3.51%), Enterobius vermicularis (3.51%) and Trichuris trichuria (1.75%). The 9 different intestinal parasites were grouped into helminthes (42.1%) and protozoa (57.9%). Higher infection rate of 45.6% was recorded among those within age ranges 21-30 years. Inmates who were in prison for <2 years had higher (56.1%) infection rates compared with other inmates (43.9%). The findings are in agreement with similar studies from other penitentiaries in Nigeria resulting in significant health problems among inmates including anemia, malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and other complications. Thus, the need to scale up periodic routine examination of all inmates including stool samples, hemogram and the prompt treatment of infected individuals would significantly improve their health conditions. Keywords: Intestinal parasites; Jos Prison; inmates and prevalence.

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Thick Stool Smear Wet Mount Examination: A New Approach in Stool Microscopy

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/004947550303300320 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 173-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Subhash Chandra Parija ◽

Sanjay Bhattacharya ◽

Prasant Padhan

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

New Approach ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Wet Mount ◽

Cotton Blue ◽

Novel Method ◽

Stool Samples ◽

The Difference

Microscopic examination of a wet mount of the stool has been the standard practice for the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. Here we describe a novel method of stool microscopy of 80 stool samples, 31 (38.75%) were positive by the new thick stool smear wet mount method, whereas the corresponding figure for the conventional method using lacto-phenol cotton blue was 16 (20%). The difference was found to be statistically significant ( P<0.04 by McNemar's test). The thick stool smear wet mount procedure promises to be superior to the direct wet mount method in the detection of the intestinal parasites.

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Detection of Intestinal Parasites With Automated Sedimax2®. A New Step in the Parasitological Diagnosis in High Throughput Laboratories.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-146123/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gema Fernandez-Rivas ◽

Belén Rivaya ◽

Nona Romaní ◽

Jun Hao Wang Wang ◽

Mireya Alcaide ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Good Tool ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Parasitological Diagnosis ◽

Automated Microscopy ◽

Extra Step ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Low Prevalence

Abstract Despite the low prevalence of parasitic infections in Europe, the diagnosis of intestinal parasites is difficult and laborious for microbiology laboratories. Currently, the antigens detection kits and the molecular biology have allowed an easier diagnosis. But these techniques have also limitations due to the fact that they do not detect all possible parasites presents in the samples. The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy and the usefulness of SediMAX2® (77 Elektronika, Budapest, Hungary) automated microscopy in the detection of parasitic structures from feces. A total of 197 formol-fixed stool samples were processed in parallel with wet mount examination and by SediMAX2®. Sensitivities, specificities and predictive values were analyzed, reaching sensitivity of 89.51% and specificity of 98.15%. Predictive values were also calculated with a very good positive predictive value (99.22%). SediMAX2® is a good tool for a reliable diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. The easiness of use, processing and the flexibility in the images analyse allows its incorporation in the day to day laboratory work as an extra step for the parasitologists workload.

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Patients attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Central Nepal

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v15i3.25209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 175-178

Author(s):

Sanjana Raj Kumari ◽

Damodar Sharma ◽

Brajesh Jha

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Fresh Stool

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are important public health problem and are globally endemic. These parasites are responsible for the major share of morbidity and mortality in those communities where there is overcrowding, poor environmental sanitation and personal hygienic practices. Intestinal parasitic infection is highly prevalent among the general population in Nepal. This study was aimed to evaluate the burden of the intestinal parasitic infections and the pattern of distributions among patients attending in a tertiary care setting in Bharatpur, Nepal, over a period of one year (August 2017 to July 2018). Methods: Stool samples of patients received in the Microbiology laboratory, COMS that were subjected for routine stool investigations were included in this study. Naked eye physical examination, microscopic examination was carried out and parasites were identified in the received stool samples. The results were recorded, and data were entered into excel spreadsheet 2007. The percentages of the parasites present were calculated to find out the frequency and distribution. Results: A total of 1,558 fresh stool samples were screened, of which 20.60% (n=321) were positive for various intestinal parasites. Overall, helminthic infections (81.30%) were higher than protozoal infections (18.70%). On the whole, Ascaris lumbricoides showed higher prevalence (39.56%) followed by Ancylostoma duodenale (19.31%) and Giardia lamblia (9.97%). 17(1.09%) of the samples showed more than one parasite. Highest prevalence was seen in age group 15 to 25 years of age (27.40%). Conclusions: Parasitic infection is endemic. Apart from the early diagnosis and effective treatment, health education is a requisite to control infections in this area and awareness of sanitation to reduce and control parasitic infection.

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Prevalence of intestinal parasites in a population in south of Tehran, Iran

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652008000300003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 145-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Abolfath Shojaei Arani ◽

Reza Alaghehbandan ◽

Lame Akhlaghi ◽

Maryam Shahi ◽

Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari

Keyword(s):

Community Involvement ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Blastocystis Hominis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Public Health Challenge ◽

Stool Samples

The aim of this study was to describe epidemiologic characteristics of intestinal parasites in a population in south of Tehran, Iran. A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with suspicious intestinal parasitic infections referred to the Zakaria Razi Laboratory in Shahre-Ray, southern Tehran, Iran, was conducted from April 21, 2004 to October 20, 2005. All stool samples were examined and socio-demographic informations were retrieved. Of 4,371 referred patients, 466 (239 males and 227 females) were laboratory diagnosed with intestinal parasites, with a period prevalence of 10.7%. Blastocystis hominis (B. hominis) and Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) were the most frequent intestinal parasites. More than half of patients aged ³ 18 years had a low level of educational attainment (e.g. illiterate, primary school, high school) (170/331, 54.1%). Further, majority of patients were homemakers (42.3%, 140/331) or workers (28.1%, 93/331) employed in various business settings such as food industry and construction. Findings of this study showed that intestinal parasitic infections are still a major public health challenge in Iran that needs to be addressed. We believe that public education, improving sanitation conditions of underdeveloped areas/communities, community involvement, and supporting evidence-based practice/programs are the major keys to success in preventing the spread of intestinal parasitic infections in Iran.

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Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among children attending a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4543 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 2698-2703

Author(s):

Rajendra Kumar Karadiya ◽

Saroj Hooja ◽

Nita Pal ◽

Rajeev Yadav ◽

Nitya Vyas

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are one of the major causes of morbidity in the developing world. This hospital-based prospective study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence rates of IPIs and to assess the risk factors associated with these infections in children attending a paediatric hospital. Seven hundred and five patients were analysed for IPIs and associated risk factors from April 2018 to March 2019. Information on the associated risk factors was obtained from a structured questionnaire protocol. Microscopic examination of stool samples was done by direct slide smear and after the formol-ether concentration technique. The overall prevalence of IPIs was 20.9%. In the age group, 5-9 years, the prevalence of parasitic infection (27.4%) was high. Among the intestinal parasites detected helminths and protozoans were 60.8% and 39.1% respectively. Among the helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides (20.5%) was most prevalent followed by Trichuris trichiura (18.1%) while among the protozoa Giardia intestinalis (18.7%) was most prevalent, followed by Entamoeba spp. (8.4%). Among the positive samples, the single parasite was detected in 87.8% while dual parasites were detected in 12.2% stool samples. Univariate analysis showed age, drinking water from an open well, a habit of open defecation, illiteracy and living in a rural area to be associated with a high risk of IPIs (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with age (0-5years) and (10-14 years) and drinking water from an open well. Identifying and rectifying risk factors by creating awareness are needed to prevent community spread. Periodic deworming programmes should be implemented successfully in the community.

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Status of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Primary School Children in Rivers State, Nigeria

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2015/937096 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. E. Abah ◽

F. O. I. Arene

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

School Children ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Enterobius Vermicularis ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Rivers State

Status of intestinal parasitic infections among primary school children in Rivers State, Nigeria, was investigated between January and December 2011. A total of 3,826 stool samples were collected from school children (1,828 males and 1998 females) in 36 primary schools from 13 local government areas of Rivers State. The samples were analyzed using wet saline/iodine and formol ether concentration methods. Of the 3,826 stool samples examined, 1059 (27.66%) were positive for different intestinal parasites, namely,Ascaris lumbricoides(51.78%), hookworm sp. (25.0%),Trichuris trichiura(15.18%),Strongyloides stercoralis(7.14%),Taeniasp. (0.89%), andEnterobius vermicularis(0.01%). The prevalence of the infection was generally higher in males (57.60%) than females (42.40%). The differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Among these intestinal parasites,Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm sp., andTrichuris trichiurawere found in all the 13 local government areas studied whileStrongyloides stercoraliswas found in 12,Taeniasp. in five, andEnterobius vermicularisin only one community in Ahoada Local Government Area. The overall infection rate remains high and would require coordinated deworming of the school children within the state.

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The Change of Ghrelin Levels in Intestinal Parasitic Infections

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/v10011-010-0004-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 34-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmet Erensoy ◽

Suleyman Aydin ◽

Neslihan Kelestimur ◽

Sevda Kirbag ◽

Salih Kuk

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

University Hospital ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Control Group ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Serum Parameters ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Desacylated Ghrelin

The Change of Ghrelin Levels in Intestinal Parasitic InfectionsThe aim of this work was to examine the relationship between active (acylated ghrelin) and inactive (desacylated ghrelin) ghrelin in the serum and other serum parameters in intestinal parasitic infections and healthy controls. Conventional microscopic methods (saline and iodine solutions, trichrome stain) were used to identify intestinal parasites in stool samples of 29 subjects attending Firat University Hospital. Serum parameters were assessed in a single measurement of serum from 29 parasite subjects, and in 18 healthy controls. Serum acylated ghrelin and desacylated ghrelin levels were measured using a commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit. Paraoxonase and arylesterase were measured by using a spectrophotometer at 405 nm and 270 nm, respectively. Serum concentrations of acylated ghrelin and desacylated ghrelin were more markedly decreased in helminth bearing patients than the control group. Glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in intestinal parasitic infections than in controls. Furthermore, there were no correlations between ghrelin levels and BMI. These results indicate that low ghrelin and PON1/AE level may be important for appetite monitoring in intestinal parasitic infections.

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The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among Kosovar and Serbian school-children in Kosovo

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/helm-2020-0033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 276-279

Author(s):

K. Korzeniewski ◽

A. Lass ◽

A. Augustynowicz ◽

M. Konior

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

The Balkans ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Military Institute ◽

The Military

SummaryThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of species of intestinal parasites in the Balkans on the example of Kosovar and Serbian residents from the region of Gnjilane ineastern Kosovo,where the epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections remains unknown. Parasitological examination of stools pecimens was performed in 2017 and 2018. Stool samples were collected from asymptomatic school-children aged 6–17 years: 530 Kosovars from the municipality of Kaçanik and310 Serbs from the municipalities of Kamenica and Strpce. Each patient provided two stool samples collected every second day,fixed in SAF preservative and 70 % spiritus vini, transported to the Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine at the Military Institute of Medicine in Poland,and tested by light microscopy using three diagnostic methods: directs mearin Lugol’s solution,decantation in distilled water, and Fülleborn’s flotation. A total of 101 Kosovar children (19.1 % of the study group)were found to be infected with intestinal parasites: nematodes (n=20), cestodes (n=2), trematodes (n=2), and protozoa (n=79). Only 13 Serbian children (4.2 %) were found to beinfected with nematodes (n=4),cestodes (n=3),and protozoa (n=6). Giardia intestinalis was themost prevalent intestinal parasite in both groups (14,9 % vs. 1.9 % children). The prevalence ofasymptomatic parasitic infections was significantly higher in Kosovars in comparison to the Serbsliving in the same region of eastern Kosovo. This fact shows that there may be significant differencesin the quality of health care and sanitation as well as feed hygiene between these two communities.

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Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Schistosomiasis in the City of Barra Mansa, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-800974/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Cristina Carvalho Espírito-Santo ◽

Pedro Paulo Chieff ◽

Fabiana Martins de Paula ◽

Francisco Oscar Siqueira França ◽

Filumena Maria Silva Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Previous History ◽

The State ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Stool Samples ◽

The City

Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are caused by several species of protozoa and helminths and are among the most frequent infections in many regions of the world, particularly in countries with limited access to adequate conditions of hygiene and basic sanitation, and have significant morbidity. There are few studies that assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Latin America. We investigated the prevalence of intestinal infections in five neighborhoods in the city of Barra Mansa / RJ / Brazil. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of geohelminths, protozoa and Schistossoma mansoni infection, using two parasitological methods in a population in a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Methods Cross-sectional cohort study, conducted from September 2010 to April 2011, in individuals over five years old, to assess the prevalence of IPIs in 5 peripheral neighborhoods of Barra Mansa, a city located in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): Siderlândia, Cantagalo, São Luiz, Nova Esperança and Santa Clara, through the combination of two parasitological methods, Kato-Katz and Hoffman, having analyzed a total of six slides for each of the research participants. Results Results of samples from 610 individuals were collected and analyzed using the Kato-Katz (KK) and Hoffman (HH) methods. Approximately 60% of the individuals were female, with an average age of 39.72 years. Five hundred and fifty-one (84.8%) had access to treated water and 486 (74.8%) to the sewage network. The neighborhood of Siderlândia contributed most of the casuistry (42.9%). About 4% of participants reported a previous history of schistosomiasis. Six hundred and ten stool samples were evaluated using the Kato-Katz and Hoffmann methods. The results of parasitological examinations by the KK method showed low positivity for any diagnosed parasitosis. The HH method showed a more significant number of parasitic infections, with a higher frequency of Endolimax nana (17.4%), followed by Blastocystis spp (10.8%). The positivity in stool tests using the KK or HH methods was significantly higher in the Santa Clara neighborhood (p = 0.038), in people who use river water (p <0.001) and in people who reported having had schistosomiasis previously (p = 0.021). Conclusions The use of two stool samples examined by the KK and HH methods improved the detection sensitivity and evidenced the low prevalence of IPIs in the city of Barra Mansa (RJ) / Brazil.

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Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Prison Inmates in Kathmandu Nepal

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v17i3.2015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 382-387

Author(s):

Prasha Shrestha ◽

Dhiraj Shrestha ◽

Dhiraj Thapa Magar ◽

Ganesh Rai ◽

Kul Raj Rai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Prison Inmates ◽

Gender Ratio ◽

Plastic Container ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Concentration Technique ◽

International College ◽

Stool Samples

Background: Prison inmates are at high risk of intestinal parasitic infections. Thus, we studied intestinal parasitic infections among inmates of the Central Jail, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: Morning stool samples from 400 inmates (M=282 and F=118), were collected in a clean, dry and wide-mouthed plastic container. The samples were transported to the research laboratory of Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, and were fixed using 10% formal saline. Then, samples were processed by formal ether sedimentation concentration technique and were observed microscopically by direct-smear technique.Results: Six percent (24/400) samples were positive for intestinal parasites, with a gender ratio (M:F) 1.7:1. But, co-parasitism was not observed. Intestinal parasitic infections were higher among 21-40 years age-group, 3.5% (14/262). Similarly, intestinal parasitic infections were higher among ‘Dalits’ ethnic group, 21.1% (4/19). As compared to helminths, more protozoans, 62.5% (15/24), were observed. Giardia lamblia, 41.67% (10/24), was the most common protozoans while Trichuris trichiura, 25.0% (6/24), was the most common helminths.Conclusions: Intestinal parasitic infections were lower among the inmates of Central jail, but such conditions cannot be presumed in other peripheral settings. Pure and safe drinking water supply and the effective deworming campaign can further reduce this figure at this setting and peripheral jails across the country.Keywords: Intestinal parasitic infections; IPIs; Nepal; prison inmates.

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