Low Birth Weight Newborns and Associated Factors at Selected Referral Hospital in Rwanda

Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem worldwide that is linked to childhood morbidity and mortality. Newborns considered ‘Very LBW’ have a high risk of disease and death during infancy. Maternal socioeconomic status, medical factors, and lifestyle are linked to LBW, but these factors remain unknown in Rwanda is unknown. Objective To describe the factors associated with LBW among newborns at a selected referral hospital in Rwanda. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional design study was used to assess 108 mothers who delivered a low birth weight newborn. Results Mothers had a mean age of 30.6 years, 79.6% married, 23.1% primary educated, 50.6% unemployed, and 61.9% lived in a rural area. The majority of LBW (63%) were in the first category of LBW (2500-1500g), and over a quarter (25.9%) with Very LBW (VLBW). Mothers were 89.7% multigravida, and 88.8% had a previous unsuccessful pregnancy, 81.3% premature birth, 97.9% LBW. Over half, 59.8% had hypertension during pregnancy. Lifestyle included 45.5% doing strenuous work, and 50.9% heavy lifting during pregnancy. The level of education (p=0.009), spouse employment (p=0.017), having previous premature baby (p=0.025), previous history of miscarriage (p=0.028), presence of hypertension (p=0.020) and antenatal care visits (p=0.025) the trimester of miscarriage were significantly associated to type of low birth weight. Conclusion Demographic, pregnancy history and lifestyle factors remain a concern to mothers and neonates born with low birth weight. Educational awareness campaigns among mothers with the factors above are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality related to low birth weight. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):214-224

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Frequency, risk factors and materno-foetal outcomes among cases of Placenta previa at a tertiary care hospital: a two year study

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 2240

Author(s):

Pamulaparthi Bindu Reddy ◽

Gurram Swetha Reddy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Placenta Previa ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Previous History ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Early Date

Background: Placenta previa refers to the presence of placental tissue that extends over the internal cervical os. Placenta previa is linked to maternal hypovolemia, anaemia, and long hospital stay and with prematurity, low birth weight, low APGAR score in newborn. So it is very important to identify the condition at an early date to warn the condition thereby reducing the maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of PP, its associated predisposing risk factors and maternal morbidity, mortality and the perinatal outcome.Methods: A prospective observational study for two years was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Pregnant mothers with >28 weeks of age with H/o ante partum haemorrhage were screened for placenta previa, confirmed by ultra sonography and included in the study. Clinical history, obstetric examination was done and followed up till the delivery. Maternal and foetal outcomes were recorded. Data analyzed by using SPSS version 20.Results: 1.4% incidence of PP was noted, mean age of group was 29.17±1.6 years. Age group of 21-30 years, multiparity Gravida 2-4, previous history of caesarean section and less number of ante natal checkups were significant risk factors and LSCS was most common outcome. Prematurity, low birth weight and APGAR <7 score for 1 minute was common foetal outcomes.Conclusions: Our study strongly suggests foetal surveillance programmes in cases of placenta previa. Measures should be made to bring awareness about PP, in urban slums and to increase medical checkups regularly. Making USG mandatory during every ANC and referral of cases of PP to tertiary care centres would definitely reduce the chances of morbidity and mortality.

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Analisis faktor kejadian wasting pada anak balita 12-59 bulan di Puskesmas Bulili Kota Palu: Studi cross sectional

AcTion Aceh Nutrition Journal ◽

10.30867/action.v6i2.345 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Hepti Muliyati ◽

Menis Mbali ◽

Hadidja Bando ◽

Riana Pangestu Utami ◽

Opyn Mananta

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test

Wasting on children is an important public health problem because of its considerable impact on their health and growth. This problem could lead to iron deficiency which could induce infection disease and probably lower a child’s intelligence as a long-term effect. This study aimed to analyze factors related to wasting on 12-59 months children in Bulili Public Health Center (PHC), Palu City. The analytical descriptive study designed with a cross-sectional approach was applied in this study. One hundred and twenty-one subject was selected from 283 children with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher exact test with significant (p < 0,05). The result showed that most children with low birth weight experienced wasting with a p-value = 0,000. Most of the children from higher-income families did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,004. Most children who didn’t receive breastfeeding milk did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,958. This study concluded a correlation between low birth weight and income to wasting, but breastfeeding practice was not related.

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Assessment of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and Fluorescent Microscopy and Its Risk Factors at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8207098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yeshi Metaferia ◽

Abdurahaman Seid ◽

Genet Mola Fenta ◽

Daniel Gebretsadik

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Fluorescent Microscopy ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Previous History ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Dessie Referral Hospital ◽

Xpert Assay

Background.Tuberculosis is a major public health problem and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for a significant proportion of tuberculosis cases worldwide.Objective.To determine the magnitude of EPTB, associated risk factors, and agreement of diagnostic techniques at Dessie Referral Hospital.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive presumptive EPTB cases from March 1 to June 30, 2017. Sociodemographic characteristics and other variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clinical specimens were collected and processed using fluorescent microscopy and Gene Xpert assay. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done and a P value of ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results.From a total of 353 presumptive EPTB cases the overall prevalence of Gene Xpert assay and smear confirmed patients was 8.8% and 2.5%, respectively. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was the predominant (33.3%) type followed by pleural (11.9%) and peritoneal (6.7%) tuberculosis. Previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly associated with extrapulmonary infection (AOR:2.8; 95%CI: 1.05-7.54; p=0.04); however, other variables such as age, residence, sex, marital status, occupation, level of education, and monthly income did not show any association.Conclusion.High proportions (71%) of Gene Xpert assay confirmed EPTB patients were smear-negative. Sensitivity of microscopy should be enhanced in resource limited countries like Ethiopia where Gene Xpert machine is not easily accessible.

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Assessment of General Public’s Knowledge and Opinions towards Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Setting, Rufisque, Senegal

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy6040103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oumar Bassoum ◽

Ndèye Sougou ◽

Mayassine Diongue ◽

Mamadou Lèye ◽

Mouhamad Mbodji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Awareness Campaigns

Background: Bacterial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. One solution to this scourge is to sensitize the general public on rational use of antibiotics. Our goal was to assess people’s knowledge and opinions about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in an urban setting. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling was done. A questionnaire was administered to 400 persons during face-to-face interviews. Results: Most respondents thought that antibiotics are effective against colds/flu (69.8%), cough (72.3%) and sore throat (64.4%). At the same time, 42.8% stated that antibiotic therapy can be stopped as soon as the symptoms disappear. Only 8.8% and 41.8% of people knew that handwashing and vaccination prevented bacterial resistance. Globally, 7% of people had a good knowledge. Socio-demographic variables were not associated with the level of knowledge. The main sources of information were entourage and pharmacy staff. Regarding the opinions, 78.3% of surveyed participants the people thought that that people overuse antibiotics. Additionally, 28% said that they have no role to play against bacterial resistance. Conclusion: People living in an urban setting had a low knowledge about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance. There is a need to implement awareness campaigns. Further studies on population practices toward antibiotic use are necessary.

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A STUDY ON VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES ADMITTED IN NICU

10.36106/gjra/0706601 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Janki Prajapati ◽

Sucheta Munshi ◽

Ankit Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Perinatal Care ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Mortality Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Major Factors

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. Preterm birth is one of the major clinical problems in Obstetrics and Neonatology. Aim & Objective: To study morbidity and mortality pattern of VLBW neonates admitted to NICU at Department of Pediatrics, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad. Methodology: This cross-sectional prospective observational study was performed on all hospitalized VLBW neonates. Their course during hospitalization and relevant was documented in pre designed performa. Results: In the present study, out of 1748 neonates, 374 (21.39%) were VLBW with 69% males. Mean gestational age was 31.3±1.8 weeks; mean birth weight 1279±193 grams. Common morbidities in VLBW neonates are Neonatal jaundice, Probable sepsis, Apnea of prematurity and RDS. Mortality rate is improved with increasing gestational age and weight. Conclusion: Birth weight and mechanical ventilation are the 2 major factors responsible for mortality. A decline in the mortality and morbidity of these newborns (especially the ELBW neonates) can only be made possible through optimizing perinatal care including regionalization, CPR at birth, early NCPAP and quality improved collaborative (QIC) in our NICU.

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OUTCOME OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES WITH RELATION TO EARLY ANEMIA.

10.36106/gjra/1402771 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Anmol Kaur Sidhu ◽

Preeti Malhotra

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Elbw Neonates

Background: Weight of newborn is a universal predictor of health during childhood. Haematological prole varies with period of gestation in low birth weight neonates i.e., <2500 grams. They have different haematological prole as compared to normal birth weight neonates. Aim of this study is to relate early morbidity and mortality of low birth weight neonates and their haemoglobin at days 1, 4 and 7. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2020 on children weighing below 2500 grams admitted within 24 hours of birth in Department of Paediatrics, SGRDIMSR, Amritsar. A total of 110 neonates were enrolled in this study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Haemoglobin levels of these were measured on days 1, 4 and 7. The data obtained was compiled and analysed to reach valid conclusions in relation to outcome in form of morbidity and mortality of the subjects. Results: Among 110 neonates majority belong to category of birth weight between 1500-2500 grams (70%). Lowest mean haemoglobin levels were seen in ELBW (<1000 grams) neonates. Fall in haemoglobin from day 1 to 7 in all the neonates was seen and was statistically signicant. Anaemia was signicantly related to PNA and mortality. Lowest mean haemoglobin values were seen in neonates with PNA as a morbidity on day 7 (13.04±2.32). Neonates who died had even lower haemoglobin level on day 7 (12.17±2.03). Conclusion: It was concluded that ELBW neonates had higher risk of early anaemia as compared to LBW and VLBW neonates. Anaemia was also signicantly present in neonates who died and those who had PNA. Thus early anaemia is associated with PNA, ELBW and Mortality.

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The prevalence and predictors of Stroke among atrial fibrillation patients attending at Gondar University Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312121989509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212198950

Author(s):

Yonas Gedamu ◽

Asefa Adimasu Taddese ◽

Mohamed Abdulkadir ◽

Workagegnehu Hailu ◽

Oumer Abdu

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patients With Heart Failure

Introduction: Recently, stroke is becoming the major public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Atrial fibrillation patients are the most vulnerable group for the occurrence of stroke. Knowing the predictors and being aware for it is important for preventing severe complications and death. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of stroke and identifying significant predictors. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed from 1 December 2018 to 30 September 2019 at University of Gondar Referral Hospital. A total of 242 patients with atrial fibrillation were included in the study. Atrial fibrillation patients were diagnosed by using 12 lead electrocardiographic tracing, in addition to thorough medical history and physical examination and analyzed by the Modular ECG Analysis System (MEANS). We used Epi info 7 and SPSS version 22 software for data entry and analysis purpose, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model were computed to show the relationship of dependent and independent variables. Result: The prevalence of stroke among atrial fibrillation patients was 19.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.9–25.2). Patients with heart failure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 5.70, 95% CI: 2.50–13.24) and thyroid disorder (AOR: 4.98, 95% CI: 1.47–16.85) are at risk of developing stroke. Conclusion: The prevalence of stroke was higher compared with others studies. Patients with heart failure and thyroid disorders were the risk factor for the development of stroke; therefore, physicians and cardiologists may better to consider all these two disorders when they diagnose stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORNS IN ETHIOPIA

Public Health of Indonesia ◽

10.36685/phi.v6i1.319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Arif Hussen Jamie ◽

Abduseme Mohammed Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Previous History ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Background: Worldwide more than 20 million low birth weights occur annually with the incidence of 15 to 20%, majority of this occur in low- and middle-income countries and 95.6% occur in developing nations. Its regional estimate was 28% in South Asia, 13% in sub-Saharan Africa and 13% in least developed countryObjective: To assess factors associated with low birth weight among newborns in Jugal Hospital, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among newborns in Jugal hospital, Ethiopia from June 01 to July 10, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with low birth weight among newbornsResults: The magnitude of low birth weight was 19.53%. Women who had previous history of low birth weight had 5.21 times higher odds ratio of delivered low birth weight baby than their counterparts [AOR = 5.21, 95% CI: (1.5-14.2)], and pregnant women who delivered before 37 weeks of gestational age had 4.8 times higher odds ratio of delivered low birth weight neonates than those delivered at term [AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: (1.3-10.4)]Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight in Harar, Jugal Hospital was 19.53%. Low birth weight in the previous pregnancy and gestational age 37 weeks, and showed significant association with birth weight neonates. Governmental and non-governmental organizations working on maternal and child health should focus on identified factors in order to tackle the problem of birth weight.

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Infant Feeding and Infant Growth

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.74.4.728 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 728-762

Author(s):

Jane F. Seward ◽

Mary K. Serdula

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Birth Order ◽

Infant Nutrition ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The United States ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Infant Birth

Growth in infancy is a complex process affected directly or indirectly by numerous interrelated factors. The predominant factors include diet, the nutritional status and health of the mother, and the occurrence of infections. In addition, social factors (family structure and cohesiveness), economic status, cultural practices, and biologic factors—such as the sex of the infant, birth weight, birth order, birth interval, and genetics—may also play a significant role in growth. Nutritional factors may affect growth in infancy both before and after birth. Maternal and infant nutrition are intimately related. For breast-fed infants, nutrition of the mother and that of her young are interrelated from conception until weaning; therefore, dietary intake of pregnant and lactating women is very important.67 Underweight mothers with poor weight gain in the last trimester of pregnancy bear infants with lower mean birth weights.111 Although there are ethnic differences in low birth weight in the United States, the incidence is relatively low.45 In contrast, in developing countries, low birth weight (≤2,500 g), mainly caused by the high proportion of growth-retarded newborns, is a major public health problem.126,138 Infants who have suffered from intrauterine growth retardation remain smaller, on average, than normal babies throughout infancy and early childhood.30,39,44 In developing countries, many nondietary factors also play an important role in determining growth. Infections, particularly gastroenteritis, are among the most important of these factors.91,124 Case-control studies examining factors that differ between malnourished (weight-for-age less than Harvard third or tenth percentile) and adequately nourished children in the second 6 months of life have found significant associations between the following nondietary factors and growth failure: high birth order (greater than six or seven), lower mean maternal age, low maternal weight, children from families in which one or more siblings had died, greater mean number of children less than 5 years old in the home, birth weight less than 2.4 kg, twinning, infections (measles, whooping cough, severe or repeated diarrhea), death of either parent, or a broken marniage.4,96

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Prematurity: Impact on Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Outcomes

Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0050 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Betty R. Vohr

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Birth Rate ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Multiple Births ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

Antenatal Steroids

Prematurity continues to be a major public health problem and, despite advances in antenatal care, prematurity rates continue to rise in the United States. Preterm and low-birth-weight (LBW) rates increased in 2006 to 12.8% and 8.3%, respectively. The very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500 g) rate rose to 1.46% (62,283 of 4,265,996 births in 2006). In addition, the birth rate for women aged 40–44 years rose 3% to 9.4 per 1,000 between 2005 and 2006 (Martin et al. 2008). A component of the increase in the preterm birth rate remains attributed to older maternal childbearing, multiple births, and increasing rates of assisted reproductive technology (Heck et al. 1997). The increase in the number of multiple births is a concern because of the associated increased risk of death, preterm birth, low birth weight, and long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Major therapeutic advances in perinatal and neonatal care in the past 20 years, including surfactant therapy, antenatal steroids for both pulmonary maturation and central nervous system protection, improved ventilation techniques, and parenteral nutritional support have resulted in a significant improvement in survival of extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBW) (<1000 g) (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 1995; El-Metwally, Vohr, and Tucker 2000; Fanaroff, Hack, and Walsh 2003; Fanaroff et al. 2007; Hintz et al. 2005a; Hintz et al. 2005b). These infants have increased complex neonatal medical morbidities affecting all organ systems including lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and brain, and increased growth, neurological, developmental, and behavioral morbidities both in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and after discharge (Blakely et al. 2005; Ehrenkranz, 2000; Ehrenkranz et al. 2005; Laptook et al. 2005; Shankaran et al. 2004; Schmidt et al. 2003; Vohr et al. 2003; Vohr et al. 2004;Vohr et al. 2005; Walsh et al. 2005). Predicting the survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants becomes a challenge since outcomes are dependent on a combination of biologic factors including gender, gestational age, birth weight, singleton versus multiple, neonatal morbidities, neonatal interventions, and post-discharge environment.

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