scholarly journals Costus afer (Costaceae, Zingiberales) leaf extract ameliorates naproxen-induced gastric ulcer in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2615-2622
Author(s):  
Hala AH Khattab ◽  
Buthaina M. Aljehany
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Acidity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Costus Afer

Purpose: To examine Costus afer leaf extract (CALE) protective effects against naproxen-induced gastric ulcer and the mechanisms of protection.Methods: Rats with naproxen-induced ulcer were pretreated with either CALE (800 mg/kg), pantoprazole (20 mg/kg), or a combination of both. Then the ulcer index, total gastric acidity, gastric pH, and curative index were evaluated. In addition, gastric mucin, pepsin, prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxide, and superoxide dismutase were quantified. The gastric pathologicalchange was also evaluated.Results: Rats treated with CALE, pantoprazole, and their combination significantly decreased ulcer index, total gastric acidity, and gastric pH. All treatments induced a significant curative index in favor of the combination. The CALE significantly increased gastric mucin, prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase. However, the CALE significantly decreased pepsin and lipid peroxide product.Conclusion: These results reveal that CALE protects the stomach against naproxen-induced ulcer. This action is linked to increased gastroprotective factors, increased antioxidants, and decreased lipid peroxidation. The CALE may be used as an adjunctive treatment for ulcers caused by NSAIDs. Keywords: Costus afer, Naproxen, Gastric ulcer, Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidation

scholarly journals Effect of Trianthema triquetra Rottl. ex Willed (Aizoaceae) on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in experimental rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hira Ijaz ◽  
◽  
Saiqa Ishtiaq ◽  
Faryal Rubab ◽  
Ans Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Standard Drug

Trianthema triquetra Rottl. Ex.Willed (T. triquetra) is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Aizoaceae. The plant has been used traditionally as fodder, as a remedy for chronic ulcer, fever, and healing wounds. Therefore, the present study was intended to investigate the anti-ulcer ability of different fractions of T. triquetra to verify its folklore use in ulcer cure. Acute oral toxicity of all the fractions of T. triquetra was evaluated at a dose of 2g/kg b.wt. Anti-ulcer potential of nbutanol (TTB), chloroform (TTC), ethyl acetate (TTEA) and aqueous (TTA) fraction of crude methanolic extract of T. triquetra was assessed by using ethanol- induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Omeprazole at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.wt. was used as standard drug. After 1 hour of administration of all the fractions of T. triquetra, at a dosage of 300mg/kg b.wt., the gastric ulcer was induced in all animals by administering absolute ethanol (1mL/animal) orally except normal control group. After an hour, all the rats were sacrificed. Ulcer index, % age of ulcer inhibition, gastric pH, gastric volume, total acidity, gastric wall protein, gastric wall mucus and histopathology of the stomach wall of rats were assessed. All fractions of T. triquetra showed a substantial decrease in ulcer index and improvement in percentage inhibition compared to the disease control group. There was a rise in the amount of gastric wall mucus content, total protein content, gastric pH and a decrease in gastric volume and total acidity. Histopathological studies showed severe mucosal injury, leucocyte infiltration and edema in the disease control group compared to omeprazole and plant fractions treated animal groups. The present work encourages the conventional use of T. triquetra in the cure of ulcers.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiulcer Potential of Manuka Honey against Gastric Ulcer in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad B. Almasaudi ◽  
Nagla A. El-Shitany ◽  
Aymn T. Abbas ◽  
Umama A. Abdel-dayem ◽  
Soad S. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Manuka Honey ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Gastric ulcers are among the most common diseases affecting humans. This study aimed at investigating the gastroprotective effects of manuka honey against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The mechanism by which honey exerts its antiulcer potential was elucidated. Four groups of rats were used: control, ethanol (ulcer), omeprazole, and manuka honey. Stomachs were examined macroscopically for hemorrhagic lesions in the glandular mucosa, histopathological changes, and glycoprotein detection. The effects of oxidative stress were investigated using the following indicators: gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (MDA, measured as malondialdehyde) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and IL-6 were also measured. Manuka honey significantly decreased the ulcer index, completely protected the mucosa from lesions, and preserved gastric mucosal glycoprotein. It significantly increased gastric mucosal levels of NO, GSH, GPx, and SOD. Manuka honey also decreased gastric mucosal MDA and plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations. In conclusion, manuka honey likely exerted its antiulcer, effect by keeping enzymatic (GPx and SOD) and nonenzymatic (GSH and NO) antioxidants as well as inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in a reduced form, inhibited lipid peroxidation (MDA), and preserved mucous glycoproteins levels.

scholarly journals Gastro-protective actions of Aloe barbadensis Miller mitigate ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2645-2650
Author(s):  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Xiaoxue Ye ◽  
Hongxing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis

Purpose: To investigate the gastroprotective effect of leaf extract of Aloe barbadensis on ethanolinduced gastric ulcer in rats.Methods: Healthy male Wistar rats (n = 30) weighing 180 - 220 g (mean weight = 200 ± 20 g) were randomly assigned to 6 groups (5 rats/group): control group, gastric ulcer group, two Aloe barbadensis extract groups (250 and 500 mg/kg), cimetidine group and indomethacin group. Gastric ulcer was induced via oral injection of absolute ethanol at a dose of 1 mL/kg after a 24-h fast. Gross evaluation, determination of gastric juice acidity and histological examination of gastric tissue were carried out.Results: Treatment of gastric ulcer rats with Aloe barbadensis extract significantly reduced ulcerated area (UA), ulcer index (UI), and acidity of gastric juice (p < 0.05). Injection of 1 % carrageenan into rat hind paw led to a time-dependent increase in paw volume which peaked 3 h after injection. However, the Aloe barbadensis extract significantly and dose-dependently reduced the volume of inflamed paw, and inhibited edema formation (p < 0.05). It also markedly reduced or completely eliminated edema and leucocyte infiltration. Moreover, treatment of gastric ulcer rats with Aloe barbadensis leaf extract led to significant and dose-dependent reduction in gastric tissue MDA level (p < 0.05). Histological examination of the gastric wall showed that control rats had severe injury in gastric mucosa,accompanied by edema and leucocytes infiltration, relative to rats pretreated with extract which showed marked gastric protection and inhibition of edema and leucocytes infiltration. Moreover, the extract treatment protected the gastric surface against ulceration as indicated by reduced lesions in the treated rat model.Conclusion: These results show that Aloe barbadensis mitigates ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats via inhibition of lipid  peroxidation and inflammation. Thus, the extract has potentials for development into a therapeutic agent for the management of  gastric ulcer. Keywords: Aloe barbadensis, Gastric ulcer, Gastric mucosa, Inflammation, Lipid peroxidation

scholarly journals Effects of Pre-Exposure To Waterborne Selenium On Redox Homeostasis and Humoral Innate Immune Parameters in African Catfish, Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Experimentally Challenged With Serratia Marcescens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adeyemi ◽  
Germaine A. Ogunwole ◽  
Olufemi S. Bamidele ◽  
Chris O. Adedire
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Antioxidant Properties

Abstract Bacterial infections have been associated with immune dysfunction and oxidative stress in cultured fish species while essential elements could boost immunity and exhibit antioxidant properties in fish. This study was therefore aimed at determining the effects of pre-exposure to waterborne selenium on humoral immunity and redox status of Clarias gariepinus experimentally challenged with Serratia marcescens. Juveniles C. gariepinus were pre-exposed to 50 µg/L selenium for 14 days after which they were challenged with 5 × 103 CFU/mL of S. marcescens via oral gavage for 24 or 48 h. The control fish were not exposed to selenium and not challenged with bacteria. Thereafter, fish were sacrificed, blood collected into EDTA bottles for the determination of plasma nitric oxide levels and respiratory burst, and the liver excised for the determination of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Fish that were challenged with bacteria without pre-exposure to selenium had elevated levels of nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and a higher activity of glutathione peroxidase and respiratory burst but a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase compared to the fish that were pre-exposed to selenium prior to bacterial challenge at both 24 and 48 h post-infection periods. The results from this study showed that infection with S. marcescens is capable of disrupting the immune system and redox homeostasis in C. gariepinus, while pre-exposure to selenium has the ability to improve the physiological status of fish that were challenged with bacteria probably through its antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Potential of Methanol Extract of Costus Afer Leaf on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. O. Njoku ◽  
O. F. C. Nwodo ◽  
M. O. Ogugofor
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cardiac Biomarker ◽  
Costus Afer

<em>Costus afer</em> leaf extract is one of the native heritages of folklore medicine in Nigeria, used for the treatment of various disease conditions. Therefore this study was undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of the methanol extract of <em>Costus afer</em> leaves on CCl<sub>4</sub>- induced cardiotoxicity in albino rats. Twenty-eight (28) albino rats were divided into four main groups: normal control (normal saline only), CCl<sub>4</sub> control (saline and CCl<sub>4</sub>), aspirin treated (1.2 mg/kg b.w aspirin and CCl<sub>4</sub>) and <em>Costus afer</em> extract treated (extract and CCl<sub>4</sub>) groups. <em>Costus afer</em> extract was administered in four doses; 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg b.w. p.o for 7 days. On day 7, CCl<sub>4</sub> (2.5 ml) cardiotoxicity was induced in animals of CCl<sub>4</sub> control, aspirin treated and extract pre-treatment groups. The parameters studied in this respect were cardiac biomarker enzymes; Creatine Kinase (CK), Aspartate Transaminases (AST) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), serum lipid profile; Triacylglycerol (TAG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and artherogenic index (AR), lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde (MDA) level and enzymatic antioxidant levels of cardiac tissue homogenate; Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Reductase (GR). CCl<sub>4</sub> intoxication produced significant (p &lt; 0.05) increases in cardiac biomarker enzymes, serum lipid profile (TAG, TC, and LDL) along with enhanced lipid peroxidation in heart, while significant (p &lt; 0.05) decreases in enzymatic antioxidant activities and HDL contents were also observed when compared to normal control. <em>Costus afer</em> leaf extract protected against  CCl&lt; cardiotoxic effect by restoring the cardiac functions alterations, augmenting antioxidant activities, reducing lipid peroxidation and improving lipid profile levels near normal. From the results, <em>Costus afer</em> leaves expressed cardioprotective potential and could be helpful in the management of cardiac dysfunction.

Effects of ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol on arsenic-induced oxidative stress

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ramanathan ◽  
B S Balakumar ◽  
C Panneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Arsenic is an ubiquitous element in the environment causing oxidative burst in the exposed individuals leading to tissue damage. Antioxidants have long been known to reduce the free radical-mediated oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine whether supplementation of a-tocopherol (400 mg/kg body weight) and ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg body weight) to arsenic-intoxicated rats (100 ppm in drinking water) for 30 days affords protection against the oxidative stress caused by the metalloid. The arsenic-treated rats showed elevated levels of lipid peroxide, decreased levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and activities of enzymatic antioxidants. Administration of a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid to arsenic-exposed rats showed a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and enhanced levels of total sulfhydryls, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol and so do the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to near normal. These findings suggest thata-tocopherol and ascorbic acid prevent LPO and protect the antioxidant system in arsenic-intoxicated rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Olea europea L. leaf extract on haemodynamic status and lipid peroxidation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 303-315
Author(s):  
Zoran Miloradovic ◽  
Maja Gvozdenov ◽  
Djurdjica Jovovic ◽  
Nevena Mihailovic-Stanojevic ◽  
Milan Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Olive Leaf Extract

Hypertension is one of the main causes of cardiovascular disorders and since ancient times olive tree leaves have been used in its therapy. However the mechanisms of their atihypertensive effect have not been sufficiently explained yet. The main objective of our study was to investigate acute effect of olive tree leaves extract on haemodynamics and lipid peroxidation in rats with congenital hypertension under normal and blocked synthesis of nitric oxide. For the purpose of our research, there were used olive tree leaf extract EFLA? 943 as well as inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase enzyme L-NAME. Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition led to statistically significant increase of mean arterial pressure, reducing heart rate and cardiac output, increase of total vascular resistance and lipid peroxidation in plasma. Treatment by olive leaf extract led to decrease of mean arterial pressure, reducing the frequency and cardiac output, without change in lipid peroxidation. Olive leaf extract under blockade of nitric oxide led to decrease of mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance remained high, cardiac output low, and lipid peroxidation significantly increased. General conclusion is that olive leaf extract has a strong antihypertensive effect, decreases cardiac pre and after load and does not influence lipid peroxidation. Under blockade of nitric oxide synthesis, this extract keeps antihypertensive properties, but due to strong endothelial dysfunction, it is unable to regulate increased total peripheral resistance and marked lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis in indomethacin induced gastric ulcer model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Barathane Datchanamurthy ◽  
Mythireyi D. ◽  
Dhivyashanthi C. M.
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Coccinia Grandis ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: Gastric mucosal ulceration is the most common adverse effect with NSAIDS. Antacids, H2 blockers and PPIs are considered novel in treating ulcers but are not devoid of side effects. Hence, there a need for a drug which is effective against NSAID induced ulcers with no side effects. Coccinia grandis plant is traditionally used for the treatment of gastric/peptic ulcers. Hence, this study has been undertaken to scientifically validate the antiulcer activity of Coccinia grandis leaves against indomethacin induced gastric ulcer model.Methods: Following preparation of the extract, 24 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 6 rats in each group (n=6). Group 1 received 1% CMC, group 2 received 1% CMC +indomethacin 40 mg/kg, group 3 received ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis 200 mg/kg +indomethacin 40 mg/kg and group 4 received omeprazole (2 mg/kg) +indomethzacin 40 mg/kg for 7 days. Calculation of ulcer score was done using ulcer index and percentage protection.Results: The ulcer index score (2.12±0.21) and percentage protection (69.71%) was comparable with the standard drug (1.76±0.11, 74.85%) respectively.Conclusions: The ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis showed significant antiulcer activity against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the exact mechanism of antiulcer activity.

Astaxanthin, the Natural Antioxidant, Reduces Reserpine Induced Depression in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1327
Author(s):  
Ferdous Khan ◽  
Syed A. Kuddus ◽  
Md. H. Shohag ◽  
Hasan M. Reza ◽  
Murad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Biochemical Level

Background: An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants determines the level of oxidative stress which is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants could potentially improve the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of astaxanthin, a potential antioxidant, to reduce reserpine-induced depression in BALB/c mice (Mus musculus). Methods: On the behavioral level, antidepressant property of astaxanthin (50 mg/kg, orally) on reserpine (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) induced depressed mice was evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). In the biochemical level, the ability of astaxanthin to mitigate reserpine-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by the measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in brain, liver and plasma samples. On the other hand, the efficiency of astaxanthin to replenish glutathione depletion and antioxidant enzyme activity augmentation in the same samples were also investigated. Results: Astaxanthin was able to lower reserpine induced immobility time significantly (p<0.05) in FST and TST. Mice treated with astaxanthin showed significantly (p<0.05) low level of oxidative stress markers such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO). Consistently, the level of reduced Glutathione (GSH), and the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase were augmented due to the oral administration of astaxanthin. Conclusion: This study suggests that astaxanthin reduces reserpine-induced oxidative stress and therefore might be effective in treating oxidative stress associated depression.

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