scholarly journals Security challenges and leadership in Africa, 1960-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-293
Author(s):  
James C. Chukwu ◽  
Chinelo Chizoba Anachunam
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
African Countries ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Security Problem ◽  
Core Issues

There is need to develop a new approach towards understanding behind the prevailing level of insecurity in Africa. The continent is in the grip of various destructive forces that are coalescing to give it a failed – status toga. The current state of insecurity in most African countries is a manifestation of deep-rooted and structurally entrenched crisis of development that creates the environment for the emergence of conditions of poverty, unemployment, and inequality in those countries. These in turn, lead to frustration, alienation and, ultimately, social discontent that spark violence and insecurity. Without the enabling environment, these conditions could not have metamorphosed into serious national security problem threatening to tear the countries apart. Although Africa may appear to be failing, the trends leading to this situation are reversible, if seriously proactive and sustained measures could be adopted by African leaders. Policymakers have the duty to arrest this drift through social justice and development. It is on this backdrop that this paper examines this core issues on security challenges and leadership in Africa. The work also highlighted the linkage between development and security in Africa. The work also adopted secondary sources of data such as books, journal articles, newspapers and internet sources. Also used was the historical approach in its analysis. Reports obtained from these sources formed the bulk of this Research’s tool of assessment. Keywords: Security, Challenges, Leadership, Development, Africa

scholarly journals ČEZMEJNO IZOBRAŽEVANJE IN TVEGANJA ZA NACIONALNO VARNOST

2012 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
VALENTINA JOŠT LEŠER
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Strategic Performance ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Impact

Prispevek predstavlja kritično razmišljanje o internacionalizaciji visokega šolstva oziroma o njenem najbolj hitro naraščajočem in razvijajočem delu – čezmejnem izobraževanju in pregledu nad tveganji, ki so povezana z omenjenim pojavom v kontekstu vpliva na nacionalno varnost. Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo, zlasti pri konceptualizaciji ključnih pojmov, in analizo vsebine primarnih in sekundar- nih virov, pri čemer smo podatke dobili iz domače in tuje strokovne literature, in- ternetnih virov in pravnih dokumentov. Nacionalne vladne politike pomembno vplivajo na proces in izide čezmejnega izobraževanja, zato je za strateško delovanje in napoved trendov bistven pregled nad trenutnim stanjem in morebitnimi tveganji (neokolonializem, beg možganov in korupcija). Ugotavljamo, da je z vidika zagota- vljanja gospodarske konkurenčnosti in posledično nacionalne varnosti posameznih držav nujno potrebna identifikacija trenutnega stanja in analiza pomena trendov na področju čezmejnega izobraževanja. The paper provides a critical reflection on the internationalization of higher education, more specifically of its most rapidly growing and evolving part – cross border education, as well as presents an overview of the risks associated with the above phenomenon in the context of the impact on national security. For the purposes of the paper we have used the descriptive method, especially in conceptualizing key points, and analysis of the primary and secondary sources content was done, where the data was drawn from the domestic and foreign literature, internet resources, and legal documents. National government policies have a significant impact on the process and outcomes of the cross-border education. Strategic performance and trend forecast are thus essential for an overview of the current situation and potential risks (neo-colonialism, brain drain and corruption). We have found that in terms of ensuring the economic competitiveness and, consequently, the national security of individual countries an identification of the current state and the analysis of trend importance in cross border education is needed.

A PROPOSED SHARIAH COMPLIANT FINTECH MODEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FI-NANCING PRODUCT TO TACKLE FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGES IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 420-444
Author(s):  
Hassan Azganin ◽  
Salina Bt. Kassim ◽  
Auwal Adam Sa’ad
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Alternative Sources

Ensuring food security becomes a significant issue in many countries, particularly during the coronavirus pandemic. Thus, the agriculture sector’s development is critically essential to improving food availability. Despite several initiatives launched by the Malaysian authorities to support small farmers, this sector continues to suffer from accessing financial services. This paper objective is to develop a shariah based financing alternative model known as the Shariah-Compliant Fintech (SCF) Model. This model incorporates crowdfunding solutions and smart contracts into one platform to provide a seamless experience for the investors and fund seekers. This paper starts with the conceptual exploration of the literature in the areas of food security, financing challenges facing farmers, smart contract and Crowdfunding application. The sources of the literature cover secondary sources such as books, online resources and journal articles. This paper provides a conceptual framework of the shariah compliant fintech model that could be a viable solution for the global crowd investors to participate in the impactful investment opportunities. Second, the platform represents a marketplace for small farmers to seek financing from alternative sources of funds for their agricultural projects. This study offers a comprehensive shariah investment procedures and structures of the fintech industry, which can assist policymakers to create necessary policies that regulate Crowdfunding and smart contracts activities.

scholarly journals The Responsibilities of Muslim Women in Dealing with Security Challenges in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Rafatu Abdulhamid
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Government Security

The issue of insecurity has remained the most challenging problem in the world including Nigeria. In Nigeria, reports of kidnapping, armed robbery, assassination and killing/bombing which lead to lost of lives and destruction of properties kept on featuring in our media channels. In addition, women are the most vulnerable of this insurgency. They have been killed, widowed, raped or kidnapped etc. It is however to be noted that given the broader perspective of national security, government security agencies, nongovernmental organizations, Muslims both men and women, Islamic Scholars, youths etc. All should play the vital role of maintaining peace and curtailing insecurity in Nigeria. Therefore, everybody has a role to play at enhancing the national security. Islam being a comprehensive system of life provides preventive measures to curb insecurity in human society. This paper therefore examines the responsibility of the Muslim women in curbing insecurity in Nigeria. The paper observes that the causes of insecurity in Nigeria include; corruption, erosion of virtues and moralities values, youth unemployment, ignorance misuse of Islamic knowledge, globalization etc. This study uses the librarian research in which both primary and secondary sources were utilized for the work. These comprise of Qur’an, Hadith and other literatures. The result of  research found that Muslim women by their pedigree and character have the potential to ensure security in the society through good child upbringing, God consciousness, acquiring true Islamic knowledge to mention a few. It concludes that if these measures are implemented, they will go a long way in arresting this quagmire of insecurity in our society.

scholarly journals Restructuring, National Security and Nigeria’s Relationship with the External World

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-52
Author(s):  
Agidi Ejime Pally
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
External World ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
National Conference ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
External Relationships ◽  
Political Economic

Nigeria as a nation has been experiencing security challenges at alarming level in the last few years. This has taken various forms such as kidnapping from ransom, herders and farmers clashes, organized crimes, and cybercrimes, implosive movement of small and light arms. Trans border crimes, human trafficking, and slavery among others. This has affected Nigeria’s external relations with the outside world negatively in various ways, such as constriction of bilateral trade volume, cold diplomatic relations, low tourism attraction, low educational exchang e, reduction of military trainings abroad, refusal of arms purchase, low foreign investments among others. The diversity nature of the Nigerian state stands a gap in finding solutions to the myriads of problems as Nigeria’s image abroad has been dented badly. Restructuring the Nigerian state in various spheres has been the agitation of many Nigerians in the recent time. This paper therefore examines restructuring the Nigerian state, National security and its implications on her relationship with the external world. It is a qualitative paper that focused on secondary sources of information, and adopted structural functional theory as its framework of analysis. The paper argued that restructuring the political structures in Nigeria will advance quality security in Nigeria. It is the opinion of the paper that improves security in the country will enhance robust Nigerian’s relationship with the external world. The paper recommended among others, the restructuring of political economic and social structures through the instrument and legitimacy of national conference. This has to be backed by legislations from the national and state assembly. Keywords: Restructuring, External Relationships, National Security, Political Structure, National Conference

A Proposed Shariah Compliant Fintech Model as An Alternative Financing Product to Tackle Food Security Challenges in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-35
Author(s):  
Hassan Azganin ◽  
Salina Kassim ◽  
Auwal Adam Sa’ad
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Alternative Sources

Ensuring food security becomes a significant issue in many countries, particularly during the coronavirus pandemic. Thus, the agriculture sector's development is critically essential to improving food availability. Despite several initiatives launched by the Malaysian authorities to support small farmers, this sector continues to suffer from accessing financial services. This paper objective is to develop a shariah based financing alternative model known as the Shariah-Compliant Fintech (SCF) Model. This model incorporates crowdfunding solutions and smart contracts into one platform to provide a seamless experience for the investors and fund seekers. This paper starts with the conceptual exploration of the literature in the areas of food security, financing challenges facing farmers, smart contract and Crowdfunding application. The sources of the literature cover secondary sources such as books, online resources and journal articles. This paper provides a conceptual framework of the shariah compliant fintech model that could be a viable solution for the global crowd investors to participate in the impactful investment opportunities. Second, the platform represents a marketplace for small farmers to seek financing from alternative sources of funds for their agricultural projects. This study offers a comprehensive shariah investment procedure and structures of the fintech industry, which can assist policymakers to create necessary policies that regulate Crowdfunding and smart contracts activities.

DEFENSE DIPLOMACY: VIETNAM’S NEW APPROACH FOR NATIONAL SECURITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Ha Hoang Hai ◽  
Thai Nguyen Duy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Regime Legitimacy ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Strategic Autonomy ◽  
Military Diplomacy

The paper examines how Vietnam’s defense diplomacy following a multidirectional and diversified approach works in order to maintain and increase national security and strategic interests since the beginning of the 21st century. In doing so, it aims to clarify conceptual and practical aspects of military diplomacy. In the area of national defense policy, Vietnam strives to ensure stability not only of bilateral relations but also of the strategic environment of the region for the national security and territorial integrity. Furthermore, Vietnam’s defense diplomacy aims to deal with the traditional security issue of sovereignty over the East Sea, thereby maintaining economic development and regime legitimacy. This paper concludes that Vietnam seeks to use defense diplomacy in order to preserve its strategic autonomy in facing security challenges caused by major international powers.

The current state of the legislative implementation of criminal law policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Ostrohliad
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
Current State ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Legal Technology ◽  
Logical Semantic

Purpose. The aim of the work is to consider the novelties of the legislative work, which provide for the concept and classification of criminal offenses in accordance with the current edition of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the draft of the new Code developed by the working group and put up for public discussion. Point out the gaps in the current legislation and the need to revise individual rules of the project in this aspect. The methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of appropriate conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, logical-semantic, system-structural, logical-normative, comparative-historical. Results In the course of the study, it was determined that despite the fact that the amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine came into force in July of this year, their perfection, in terms of legal technology, raises many objections. On the basis of a comparative study, it was determined that the Draft Criminal Code of Ukraine needs further revision taking into account the opinions of experts in the process of public discussion. Originality. In the course of the study, it was established that the classification of criminal offenses proposed in the new edition of the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not stand up to criticism, since other elements of the classification appear in subsequent articles, which are not covered by the existing one. The draft Code, using a qualitatively new approach to this issue, retains the elements of the previous classification and has no practical significance in law enforcement. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities to improve the norms of the current Criminal Code, to classify criminal offenses, as well as to further improve the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine.

Creative Reconstruction: A Systematic Approach to Reinventing Large Cities in Democratic Republic of Congo

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1485-1497
Author(s):  
Mia Nsokimieno Misilu Eric
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Capital City ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Legacy Cities

The current state of large cities in Democratic Republic of Congo highlights the necessity of reinventing cities. More than fifty years after the independence, these major cities, like Kinshasa the capital city, are in a state of are in a state of disrepair. They are damaged, dysfunctional, and more vulnerable. Today, these legacy cities do not meet the international requirements of livable cities. Democratic Republic of Congo faces the challenge of rebuilding its cities for sustainability. The movement for independence of African countries enabled the shift from colonial cities to legacy cities. It is important to understand the cultural and ideological foundations of colonial city. Commonly, colonial cities served as purpose-built settlements for the extraction and transport of mineral resources toward Europe. What's required is a creative reconstruction to achieve a desired successful urban change. Creative reconstruction tends to ensure urban transformation in relation with urbanization, by making continuous and healthy communities. Creative reconstruction seems appropriate way of building back cities in harmony with cultural values. The article provides a framework for urban regeneration. The study is based on principle of thinking globally and acting locally in building back better cities.

GREEN OPEN ACCESS IN KENYA: A REVIEW OF THE CONTENT, POLICIES AND USAGE OF INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-54
Author(s):  
Wanyenda Leonard Chilimo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Current State ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

 There is scant research-based evidence on the development and adoption of open access (OA) and institutional repositories (IRs) in Africa, and in Kenya in particular. This article reports on a study that attempted to fill that gap and provide feedback on the various OA projects and advocacy work currently underway in universities and research institutions in Kenya and in other developing countries. The article presents the findings of a descriptive study that set out to evaluate the current state of IRs in Kenya. Webometric approaches and interviews with IR managers were used to collect the data for the study. The findings showed that Kenya has made some progress in adopting OA with a total of 12 IRs currently listed in the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) and five mandatory self-archiving policies listed in the Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROARMAP). Most of the IRs are owned by universities where theses and dissertations constitute the majority of the content type followed by journal articles. The results on the usage and impact of materials deposited in Kenyan IRs indicated that the most viewed publications in the repositories also received citations in Google Scholar, thereby signifying their impact and importance. The results also showed that there was a considerable interest in Swahili language publications among users of the repositories in Kenya.

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