scholarly journals Small-scale milkfish (Chanos chanos) farming in Kenya: An overview of the trends and dynamics of production

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
David O. Mirera
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Funded Project

A number of donor-funded projects by NGOs, government departments and faith-based organizations have piloted milkfish farming along the coast of Kenya at different scales with the aim of addressing poverty and food security at the community level. This paper provides an overview of the history of milkfish farming, organisation of operations, funding, farmers trends, and production dynamics, using both secondary and primary data. Primary data were obtained from quantitative and qualitative assessments covering 26 community milkfish farming groups, while secondary data were obtained from the grey literature and donor-funded project reports. Additional primary data were obtained through 9 key informant interviews covering three coastal Counties, and focus group discussions (8-10 members) at all the community milkfish farms. The study established that milkfish farming could be traced back to the early 1980’s as a by-product of the prawn farming intervention by FAO, and later in other private farms that practised prawn farming. Community/village based small-scale milkfish farming was initiated about two decades ago using organised community groups (OCGs) as the entry point. The number of OCGs undertaking milkfish farming fluctuated with availability of donor funds and increased significantly between 2007 and 2015 with an increase in earthen pond farming area from 0.9ha to 6.8ha over this period. However, the scale of production remained low. Annual milkfish production increased from less than 50kg in 2005 to a maximum of 3.2 tons in 2015. Milkfish farming has not attained production levels that can address poverty and food security issues; a fact that was associated with the lack of reliable milkfish seed for stocking culture facilities. Harvests from existing farms are sold at the farm gate and in nearby market centres with a few communities venturing into opening fish shop outlets to sell their produce. 

scholarly journals PERILAKU EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN SKALA KECIL DALAM MENCAPAI KETAHANAN PANGAN DI PEDESAAN PANTAI JAWA TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pudji Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rural Region

Suatu rumah tangga dapat mencapai kondisi tahan pangan sangat berkaitan erat dengan perilaku ekonomi rumah tangga, dalam hal ini pengambilan keputusan rumah tangga dalam kegiatan produksi dan konsumsi, serta alokasi waktu kerja dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggambarkan perilaku rumah tangga nelayan skala kecil dalam mencapai ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Pasuruan dan Kabupaten Trenggalek. Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data primer diperoleh melalui survei lapang; sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi dan kompilasi data statistik terkait topik studi. Data dianalisis secara ekonometrik melalui pendekatan ekonomi rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam mencapai ketahanan pangan, rumahtangga nelayan melakukan kegiatan produksi melaut dan non perikanan sebagai sumber pendapatan dari sektor perikanan dan non perikanan. Kredit non formal lebih digunakan untuk konsumsi pangan. Pada pola konsumsi pangan seimbang, ikan menduduki peringkat kedua setelah konsumsi beras. Berdasarkan parameter Indeks Porsi Pengeluaran Pangan, Indeks AKE dan Indeks AKP, maka rumahtangga nelayan skala kecil di pedesaan pantai Jawa Timur dalam kondisi tahan pangan. Tittle: Economic Behavior and Food Security of Small-Scaled Fisher’s Household in Rural Region of East Coast of Java.A chieving food security for household will depend on the economic behavior of such the household in terms of decision making-process of the household in production and a consumption activities and work time allocation. This research illustrated behavior of small-scale fisher's household in achieving food security in Pasuruan and Trenggalek districs. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data were collected by using survey method; secondary data were collected through literature study and compilation of statistical data related to the study theme. Data were analyzed econometrically through household economic approach. Results show that in achieving food security, fisher's household do fishing and non fisheries activity. Non formal credit scheme was mostly used for food consumption. In the food consumption ballance, fish was the second level after rice. Based on Food Expending Portion Index parameter, AKE and AKP indexes, small-scale fisher's household in rural region of East Coast of Java were in the secure food condition.

scholarly journals Towards Promoting Rural Infrastructure for Poverty Reduction: Analysis of FADAMA III Small-scale Community-owned Infrastructure in Kaduna and Sokoto States, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa’idu Idris ◽  
Salisu Ahmed Kabiru
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rural Infrastructure ◽  
Federal States

This study is aimed at assessing the impacts of Third National Fadama Development Project (NFDP III) on provision of Small-scale Community-owned Infrastructures (SCIs) for poverty reduction. The sector goal of NFDP III was to reduce poverty by improving the living conditions of the rural poor; contribute to food security and increase access to rural infrastructure. The study made use of questionnaires to generate primary data from 245 respondents whilst Project Implementation Manuals, Appraisal Reports, Baseline and Midline Surveys, etc constituted the secondary data. The study found out that outcomes of NFDP III had profound impacts on the incidence of poverty of the beneficiaries. For example in Kaduna State, incomes of Crop farmers increased by 199% and Livestock owners by 221%. In Sokoto State, the incomes of Crop farmers increased by 225% and Livestock owners by 315%. The food security situation of about 84.4% and 98.3% of the beneficiaries had improved, greatly and the socio-economic conditions of 74.2% and 95.7% of the beneficiaries had been promoted, significantly. The study recommends that to further sustained the impetus created by NFDP III on poverty reduction in Nigeria, the Federal, States and Local Governments should as a matter of concern, extend their commitments beyond those of facilitating the provision of rural infrastructure to those of scaling-up the levels of provision, maintenance and management and poverty reduction should ever remain part of national development goals.

PERKEMBANGANKAWASAN PECINAN SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Monica Latu Melati ◽  
Ariadne Kristia Nataya ◽  
Alfonsus Arianto Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Cultural Artefact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special District

Abstract:Semarang Chinatown  is a special  district in Semarang City  known with its chineese culture, where chineese citizen of Semarang have been living  for centuries. The sustained chineese culture in this area makes Semarang Chinatwon as an urban heritage and cultural artefact in Semarang City. The aims for this paper are to investigate the factors shaping Chinatown Semarang, the development of Chinatown Semarang from time  to time, the urban form elements in Semarang Chinatown, and the correlation between morphological components of Semarang Chinatown. This writing use some review methods, first theoritical overview to get secondary data about physical or non-physical factors forming city, second observation area such as collecting photos and interviewing to get primary data. Data review analysis use qualitative data analysis which is configure with the problems and aims that have been appointed.Keywords:elements of urban form, morphological components, history of Semarang ChinatownAbstrak: Kawasan Pecinan Semarang adalah sebuah kawasan di kota Semarang yang sangat kental dengan budaya Tionghoa. Di sinilah warga keturunan Tionghoa sejak berabad-abad silam menetap di Semarang. Adanya budaya Tionghoa yang masih sangat terjaga menjadikan Kawasan Pecinan Semarang ini sebagai kawasan urban heritage dan artefact budaya di kota Semarang. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk menemukan faktor pembentuk Kawasan Pecinan Semarang, mengetahui perkembangan Kawasan Pecinan Semarang dari masa ke masa, mengetahui pola bentuk dan elemen kawasan pada Kawasan Pecinan Semarang, serta mengetahui kaitan antara faktor pembentuk kawasan terhadap perkembangan Kawasan Pecinan Semarang. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode kajian berupa tinjauan teori untuk memperoleh data sekunder mengenai faktor-faktor pembentuk kota baik secara fisik maupun non fisik, serta observasi lapangan berupa pengumpulan foto yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara untuk memperoleh data primer. Analisis data kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis data kualitatif yang disesuaikan dengan permasalahan dan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.Kata kunci:Elemen Kawasan, Faktor Pembentuk Kawasan, PerkembanganSejarah Kawasan Pecinan Semarang

scholarly journals “Now we’ve all turned to Eating Processed Foods”: A Photovoice Study of the Food and Nutrition Security Implications of ‘Galamsey’ in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong ◽  
Aaron Kobina Christian ◽  
John Ganle ◽  
Richmond Aryeetey
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Abstract Background: Small-scale mining, referred to as galamsey in Ghana, is an important source of income for many rural populations. Although concerns have been raised in the media about the significant threats galamsey poses to the environment, and human health and livelihoods, there is a representational paucity of evidence regarding its links with local food systems, particularly from the perspective of affected mining communities. The current study explored community perceptions and experiences of galamsey and its perceived effects on food security and livelihoods in the East Akyem Municipality in the Eastern region of Ghana. Methods: Primary data was collected in the East Akim District of Ghana, using photography, interviews based on the photographs, and a photo exhibition, all conducted . Thirty-six male and female adults were purposively selected with the help of a community focal person and advertisements in the study community. Respondents participants in a one-day photography training and thereafter, deployed to take at least fifteen photos that portray the effect of galamsey on food security and health. Subsequently, each participant was asked to selected five of the photographs and to explain the image and why they captured that in the photo. A photo exhibition was held to facilitate community conversation and perspectives on the effects of galamsey on food and nutrition security. Results: Galamsey has resulted in degradation of, otherwise, fertile agricultural land, and contamination of freshwater sources. As a consequence, there is reduced cultivable land, reduced crop production, shortage of essential staple foods, increase in food price, and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods. There is also perception of increased exposure to heavy metals like mercury in locally-produced food. Conclusions: Given the adverse health consequences of both food and nutrition insecurity, and increased consumption of processed foods, it is important that public and policy discussions to minimize the effects of galamsey in Ghana should include considerations about food and nutrition insecurity in mining communities.

scholarly journals Community Adaptation Model of Food Security Due to Global Warming in Kulon Progo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Rum Giyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) average temperature of the Earth’s surface was global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the 0.74 ± 0.18 0C (1.33 ± 0.32 F) over the last hundred years. The impact of rising temperatures is the climate change effect on agricultural production. If the community does not craft made adaptation to global warming will have an impact on food security. This research aims to know the society’s adaptation to food security as a result of global warming and to know the influence of global warming on food security. The research was carried out based on survey methods. The influence of global warming on food security is identified with a share of household food expenditure and the identification of rainfall. Sampling was done by random sampling. The Data used are the primary and secondary data. Primary Data obtained through structured interviews and depth interview using a questionnaire while the secondary data retrieved from publication data of the Central Bureau Statistics B(BPS), Department of Agriculture and Climatology Meteorology and Geophysics (BMKG). The expected results of the study is to know variations of food security due to global warming in Kulon Progo Regency. Comprehensive knowledge through community participation and related Government increased food security that is used as the basis for drafting the model society’s adaptation to the impacts of global warming.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Proton Pump Inhibitor Jangka Panjang terhadap Sindrom Frailty pada Pasien Usia Lanjut

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Stephanie Dewi ◽  
Purwita W Laksmi ◽  
Ari Fahrial Syam ◽  
Esthika Dewiasty ◽  
Euphemia Seto
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
History Of

Pendahuluan. Sindrom frailty berkaitan dengan angka morbiditas dan kematian yang lebih tinggi, sehingga dipakai sebagai prediktor kesehatan pada orang usia lanjut (usila). Polifarmasi sebagai salah satu faktor risiko sindrom frailty dapat berkaitan dengan obat Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) yang sering diberikan pada usila atas indikasi adanya keluhan gangguan saluran cerna bagian atas. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang mempelajari hubungan PPI jangka panjang dan sindrom frailty pada usila.Metode. Studi kasus kontrol pada pasien usila di Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), Jakarta. Kelompok kasus adalah usila terdiagnosis Frailty menurut FI-40 item dan kontrol adalah usila yang tidak frail berdasarkan instrumen yang sama. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari data sekunder status frailty berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya dan data rekam medis poliklinik Geriatri dan poliklinik diabetes RSCM.Hasil. Didapatkan 225 subjek (75 kasus: 150 kontrol), 59,6% berjenis kelamin perempuan (rerata usia 72,14 tahun; simpang baku ± 6,4 tathun) dan 47,1% berpendidikan tinggi. Subjek yang berpendidikan rendah, berstatus cerai mati, berstatus nutrisi lebih buruk, tidak mandiri, memerlukan caregiver, hidup tidak berkecukupan dan kondisi kesehatan yang lebih buruk lebih banyak didapatkan pada kelompok frail dibandingkan kelompok yang tidak frail. Proporsi pengguna PPI Jangka Panjang sebesar 40,9%. Penggunaan PPI jangka panjang meningkatkan risiko sindrom frailty (Crude OR 2,15; IK 95% 1,22- 3,78; p<0,007) dengan adjusted OR 1,83 (IK 1,0-3,36) terhadap variabel nutrisi dan merokok.Simpulan. Penggunaan PPI jangka panjang (≥ 6 bulan) secara independen meningkatkan salah satu risiko sindrom frailty pada usila.Kata Kunci: frailty, geriatri, proton pump inhibitor jangka panjang, usia lanjutThe Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Frailty Syndrome in Elderly PatientsIntroduction. Frailty syndrome, the newest elderly health predictor, associated with higher morbidity and mortality. PPI are often used in elderly due to presence of upper gastrointestinal complaints, and relates with polypharmacy as one of the risk factor for frailty syndrome. There is no study of the relationship between long term PPI use and frailty syndrome in elderly.Methods. A case control study included subjects 60 years and above with good cognitive status. All subjects with history of hypersensitivity of PPI were excluded. Elderly who were frail based on FI-40 item were defined as cases, while individuals that were not frail were classified as control. Primary data (included frailty status) was collected on March-June 2013 by Seto E and Sumantri S, et al. Secondary data used in this current study were gathered from the primary data of previous research and from the medical record taken from geriatric and diabetic outpatient clinics Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Results. There were 225 subjects collected (75 cases: 150 controls), 59,6% were female (mean age 72,14 years old, SD ± 6,4 years) and 47,1% with higher education. Lower education, divorced, poor nutrition, dependent, needed caregiver, economically insufficient, more comorbidity and poor health condition were seen in frail group. The proportion of long term PPI use were 40,9%. Long term PPI medication increased the risk of frailty syndrome (Crude OR 2,154; CI 95% 1,225-3,778; p<0,007) with adjusted OR 1,83 (CI 95% 1,02-3,37) after adjusting with nutrition and smoking variables.Conclusions. Long term use of PPI significantly increase the risk of frailty syndrome compared to the non-users.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF KVK IN DOUBLING FARMERS INCOME IN SITAPUR DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jahanara Jahanara
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

More than half of Indian population were engaged in agricultural sector but the available technology doesn’t ensure food security of the country. Hence, to diffuse new agricultural invention and innovation in the farming community, there arises a need for effective medium for transfer of technology. Thus, KVK bridges the gap between the technology generation and dissemination. The present study was proposed to understand the impact of KVK in doubling farmers income to formulate suitable programmes. For the study, descriptive research design was adopted. 120 respondents from Biswan taluk of Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh were selected as respondents. Primary data collected from respondents and secondary data from available literatures. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were middle aged, illiterate, upto 5 members in their family, medium level of annual income, possesses their own land, agriculture as their main occupation, medium level of mass media exposure, office bearer in one organization, high level of extension contact. Meanwhile, more than half of the respondents had reported medium level of impact towards the activities carried out by KVK, beneficiary selection is not unbiased is a major constraint suggested that maximum emphasis should be given on learning by doing.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Group Lending Development at the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development: A Case Study in Bac Giang Branch II

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-688
Author(s):  
Do Quang Giam ◽  
Dao Thi Hoang Anh ◽  
Vu Ngoc Huyen ◽  
Lai Phuong Thao ◽  
Dao Huu Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Group Lending ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lending Activity

Group-based lending is a form of loan provision for individuals and households in rural areas for production and consumption purposes. Proceeding from the imbalance between demand and supply on small-scale capital, and also Government policies on sustainable poverty reduction, the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank) has coordinated with its local authorities and socio-political organizations to provide loan services via group lending. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the status of group lending development of the Agribank-Bac Giang Branch II. The paper used secondary data collected from the branch and primary data gathered from 50 representative customers and 10 credit officers related the group lending of the branch. Data analysis methods consisted of descriptive statistics and comparative analysis, incorporated with the measurements for bank performance and quality. The findings show positive prospects in both the bank and customers for the development of group lending activity and obstacles in the group lending development of the branch. The paper also proposes some solutions for the branch to tackle difficulties and promote the development of group lending in the branch in Bac Giang province.

scholarly journals Work in Progress on the Creation of the Three-Stringed Kulcapi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Panji Suroso ◽  
Rahmat Riswan Aidil Syahputra Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Creation

This research tittle ‘work in progress on the creation of the three-stringed kulcapi’ wanted to examine how the work process of the creation of the kulcapi music instrument and can be explained descriptively. The kulcapi musical instrument which is considered to still have limitations in terms of producing its notes, and only having 2 strings, seems to be the cause of the less than optimal function in exploring the notes. In addition, the form of the kulcapi instrument is seen to be still very plain and very simple, this is felt to be one of the issues that must be overcome to be able to explore the kulcapi musical instrument to be more functional, both in producing tones and adding aesthetic value to the form of the kulcapi music instrument. In this research, a qualitative descriptive method is used. The process of tracing data and information is done diachronically to find out in full and complete about the kulcapi music instrument. The data collected comes from two sources, they are primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained through in-depth interviews and participant observation that aims to collect data followed by focus group discussions. This research produces findings including: a) The creation of three-stringed kulcapi instruments has a wider range of tone areas. b) can be functioned more flexible and can be explored in playing pentatonic and diatonic tones. c) The shape has the characteristic of the Karo people with the presence of ethnic Karo ornaments on the kulcapi’s body.

scholarly journals Marketing System of Small Scale Broiler in Selected Areas of Tangail District

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Shahida Akhter ◽  
Alamgir Hasan ◽  
Hasan Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Most Tahmina Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Marketing Information

The study was attempted to explore the small scale broiler farming of Tangail district. Bhuapur, Ghatail, Kalihati, Shakhipur, Delduar and Basail Upazilas were selected purposively for this study. Primary data were collected through face to face interview with the respondents of broiler farmers during February to July, 2016. Secondary data were collected from the BBS, poultry production and marketing reports, journals, DAM, DLS and MS theses. A total of 30 broiler farm owners and 54 intermediaries were selected by applying purposive sampling technique. In the production and marketing system of broiler, many intermediaries were involved such as Bepari, Paiker, Wholesaler and Retailer. Marketing of broiler, produced in Tangail district, was moved from producers to the consumers through four separate chains. The average production cost of farmer for 500 birds was BDT 54781.25, and marketing cost of paiker, wholesaler and retailer were BDT 1230, BDT 1310 and BDT 440, respectively. However, beparies received highest marketing cost which was BDT 1370/500 birds. Transportation was found as the highest cost item which was 37.96%, 39.02% and 40.46%, in case of bepari, paiker, and wholesalers, respectively, but there was no transportation cost of retailer. Broiler farmers sold 90% of their broiler to paiker/bepari and remaining 10% to retailer (distance paiker) sold directly. Paikers sold 85.63% of their broilers to retailers and 14.34% to retailers through wholesalers. Consumer purchases100% of broiler from the retailers in the study areas. Broiler producers did not get fair price due to lack of economic storage facilities, existence of stronger middlemen, inadequacy of veterinary care and services, inefficient transportation facilities, and lack of proper marketing information. It could be concluded that institutional credits, timely supply of inputs and stable price of broiler should be ensured along with the provision of transport and market facilities. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 243-254,  August 2020

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