Sterigmatocystin and other Mycotoxins Produced by Aspergillus Species

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN D. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Adequate Research

The aflatoxins, ochratoxins and sterigmatocystin are the principal mycotoxins of Aspergillus spp. that are known to occur naturally in levels sufficient to be regarded as significant hazards to animal and human health. Adequate research has not been done to allow generalizations concerning the other 27 or more mycotoxins of Aspergillus spp. However, the widespread and frequent occurrence of toxigenic isolates of these fungi in feed and food materials indicates that concern is justified, and these fungi and their mycotoxins must be considered hazards until proven otherwise.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Shutdown: A Qualitative Study on Pearls and Pitfalls

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Naciye Güliz Uğur
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Long Term Impact

The extraordinary and tragic conditions that humanity has not experienced before in the modern period have become ordinary, namely, a “new normal” with the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has had frightening consequences for human health and has caused one million deaths as of September 2020. On the other hand, it has set a new standard of good habits, approaches, and benefits. Due to its global and long-term impact, this unique virus has laid the groundwork for unprecedented helping and sharing behaviors between people and countries. In this study, findings are compiled from the open-ended responses of 626 individuals, all of whom live in Turkey. Within the study’s scope, individuals were asked about the unique advantages and disadvantages of the restrictions imposed under COVID-19. While the categories of economy, social distance, and health came to the fore among the harms, the strengthening of family ties, adoption of technology, and the spread of solidarity culture were mentioned among the advantages.

Microbes as Sustainable Biofertilizers

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
Halima M. ◽  
Sneha Unnikrishnan ◽  
Karthikeyan Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cost Efficient

Across the globe, in both developed and developing countries, wheat provides the fundamental support for all other important foods. However, due to climate change, environmental stress, soil infertility, etc., the yield of wheat is affected. To overcome these issues, biofertilizers are recommended. They are eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and affordable by marginal farmers too when compared with chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers are made up of living microorganisms that colonize the rhizosphere to promote plant yield and prevent plant disease. Pesticide degrading strains of bacteria are emerging as the best technique to overcome the negative effect of pesticides. Due to insufficient awareness among farmers, agricultural land and crops are cultivated through chemical fertilizers, which became a major threat to human health and agriculture. On the other hand, the government is implementing several measures in marketing bio-fertilizers for the betterment of agriculture and human health. In this chapter, the significance and future perspectives of biofertilizers have been covered.

scholarly journals VII. – Fungi

1879 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 93-94
Keyword(s):  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Kerguelen Island ◽  
The Common ◽  
Time Of Year

[The Fungi collected in Kerguelen Island amount to 9 or 10 (the tenth being still an undetermined form). Dr. Hooker obtained 2 species in the winter (May and June) 1840; Mr. Moseley 3 in addition to the same, during summer (December and January) 1873-4; Mr. Eaton, also in summer, 5 determinable species, and 1 that could not be identified ( see footnote), besides the species found by Dr. Hooker. Until a few days before Midsummer ( i. e. Christmas) no Fungi were seen in the vicinage of the English Observatory Bay. The first to appear was the common mushroom, a single specimen of which was found on an island in the sound by some officers from H. M. S. “Volage.” Later in the summer the other four species came up in a few places on the mainland. They were not by any means of frequent occurrence, and probably scarcely any of them would be found at the time of year corresponding with the date of Dr. Hooker’s visit to the island.— A. E. Eaton. ]

Interactions Between Food and Gut Microbiota: Impact on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbei Wu ◽  
Jiawei Wan ◽  
Uyory Choe ◽  
Quynhchi Pham ◽  
Norberta W. Schoene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Health ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Food Components ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between food and the gut microbiota, their interactions, and how each modulates the other is critical for successful promotion of human health. This review seeks to summarize ( a) the current knowledge on the effects of food and food components on gut microbiota and ( b) the association between gut microbiota, consumption of food, and food bioactive components and the resulting beneficial health outcomes. Our goal is to provide state-of-the-art information on food and gut microbiota interactions and to stimulate discussions and research approaches that will move the field forward.

Caring in the Human Health Experience

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Newman,
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Nursing Theory ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Health As Expanding Consciousness ◽  
Definition Of

Even though the theories of caring and health have been developed largely along separate tracts of nursing theory, there is considerable overlap between them. Each is embedded in the explanation and application of the other. This paper illustrates some of the connections between caring and health. Moreover, one’s definition of health makes a difference in the intent of nursing practice. The meaning of health as expanding consciousness is elaborated on as a research-practice process. Within this context, Jean Watson’s views of consciousness are compared with those of the author.

Nanoparticles Toxicity and their Effects on Health: An Ethical Study

Nano LIFE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1540008
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasanzadeh ◽  
Abolhasan Kazemi ◽  
Nasrin Shadjou
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Nanoparticles Toxicity

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing science of producing and utilizing nanosized particles that measure in nanometers. While nanotechnology and the production of nanoparticles are growing exponentially, research into the toxicological impact and possible hazard of nanoparticles to human health and the environment is still in its infancy. Nanoparticles, even when made of inert elements like gold, become highly active at nanometer dimensions. Therefore, understanding the risks and identifying the magnitude of potential harm are two important considerations for an informed use of nanoparticles. This review aims to give a comprehensive summary of what is known today about possible impacts of nanoparticle toxicology to public health. On the other hand, studies in the development of nanoparticles’ toxicity raise various ethical questions concerning safety, possible risks and side effects of nanoparticles. There are also speculations as to the moral problems or dangers that may arise in connection with further advances in this type of nanomaterials. Therefore, the second part of this paper highlights the need for caution during the use and ethical aspects of such manufactured nanomaterials to prevent unintended environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Chronic Exposure to Cadmium Disrupts the Adrenal Gland Activity of the NewtTriturus carnifex(Amphibia, Urodela)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaminia Gay ◽  
Vincenza Laforgia ◽  
Ivana Caputo ◽  
Carla Esposito ◽  
Marilena Lepretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Human Health ◽  
European Community ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Ministry Of Health

We intended to verify the safety of the freshwater values established for cadmium by the European Community and the Italian Ministry of Health in drinking water (5 μg/L) and sewage waters (20 μg/L). Therefore, we chronically exposed the newtTriturus carnifexto 5 μg/L and 20 μg/L doses of cadmium, respectively, during 3 and 9 months and verified the effects on the adrenal gland. We evaluated the serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, aldosterone, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. During the 3-month exposure, both doses of cadmium decreased ACTH and corticosterone serum levels and increased aldosterone and epinephrine serum levels. During the 9-month exposure, the 5 μg/L dose decreased ACTH and increased aldosterone and epinephrine serum levels; the 20 μg/L dose decreased norepinephrine and epinephrine serum levels, without affecting the other hormones. It was concluded that (1) chronic exposure to the safety values established for cadmium disrupted the adrenal gland activity and (2) the effects of cadmium were related both to the length of exposure and the dose administered. Moreover, our results suggest probable risks to human health, due to the use of water contaminated by cadmium.

scholarly journals Natural mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 presence in bee pollen collected in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Petrovic ◽  
N. Nedic ◽  
D. Paunovic ◽  
J. Rajic ◽  
K. Matovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Frequent Species

Total fungal count, incidence of fungi and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentration were studied in 33 samples of bee pollen randomly collected from beekeepers in Serbia. The total number of fungi was determined by dilution method whereas AFB1 was detected using the Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The mycological estimation showed the presence of nine genera of fungi as followed: Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Epiccocum, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium and Rhizopus, with total number ranging from 1 x 103 to 1 x 105 CFU g-1. The results have shown the predominance of the fungi from the genera Aspergillus and Alternaria. Among Aspergillus species it was observed that the most frequent species was A. flavus with incidence of 27.27 %. Mycotoxin AFB1 was detected as 100% positive in all samples (100%) with an average concentration of 8.61 ?g kg-1. The obtained results indicated that honey bee pollen must be strictly controlled during its manipulation in the harvesting and manufacturing. Therefore, the implementation of good manufacturing (beekeeping) practice to define procedures for honeybee products could be crucial to reduce the risk of possible contamination and provide natural and safety product without risk on the human health.

scholarly journals The importance of environmental education in preventative healthcare

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Ryszard Kowalski ◽  
Edward Grott
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Ecological Education ◽  
Preventive Healthcare ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Preventative Healthcare

Environmental education frequently referred to as ecological education, is commonly associated with the description and shaping of human relationships with the natural environment. It points to the examples of the anthropocentric transformation of nature and the consequences thereof. The deeper analysis leads to the conclusion that the existing emphasis on environmental education was on natural aspects while neglecting no less important social issues, including human health. !is article is devoted to demonstrating the interrelationships and dependencies of environmental education and preventive healthcare, from definition through to various activities and finally effects. !e article clearly promotes being active, highlighting the importance of being involved in the development of gardens, which are important both in terms of the protection of the natural environment, through the development and diversification of the landscape, and in the maintenance of the good physical and mental condition. In summary, the article puts forward the notion that is going through life, it is worthwhile to really care about one’s health and the natural environment, especially since one is dependent on the other.

scholarly journals Emotional Imbalance and Human Ailments

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-309
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Man is made by cells and their life is made by emotions, which in turn determine their health and wealth. Our emotions and feelings direct our physical activities. What we think inside comes outside. What we see outside came from human mind1 . Our thoughts and the emotions are the input and the deeds and the actions are the outcomes. In fact, our emotions and thoughts are our life. As the quality of inputs determine the output. The nature of our emotions and thoughts determine the nature of our life. If the emotions and thoughts are positive then our life will be positive.1 that means we will be happy and healthy. On the other hand, if our thoughts are negative, we will be negative, that is our life will be unhappy and unhealthy. It is believed that, negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, worry, depression and jealous influence our mental and physical health negatively. Therefore the researchers made an attempt in this study to find out the impact of emotions on human health. Thus, the study concludes that the negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, depression, fear and worry and disease are associated. But this may or may not be generalized as it is pertaining to a particular group of people belong to a particular center and a particular area, however it may be a valuable model for a macro study.

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