Interactions Between Food and Gut Microbiota: Impact on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbei Wu ◽  
Jiawei Wan ◽  
Uyory Choe ◽  
Quynhchi Pham ◽  
Norberta W. Schoene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Health ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Food Components ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between food and the gut microbiota, their interactions, and how each modulates the other is critical for successful promotion of human health. This review seeks to summarize ( a) the current knowledge on the effects of food and food components on gut microbiota and ( b) the association between gut microbiota, consumption of food, and food bioactive components and the resulting beneficial health outcomes. Our goal is to provide state-of-the-art information on food and gut microbiota interactions and to stimulate discussions and research approaches that will move the field forward.

The Food-gut Human Axis: The Effects of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 3567-3583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Gabriella Garruti ◽  
Fabio Minervini ◽  
Leonilde Bonfrate ◽  
Piero Portincasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Relationship

Gut microbiota, the largest symbiont community hosted in human organism, is emerging as a pivotal player in the relationship between dietary habits and health. Oral and, especially, intestinal microbes metabolize dietary components, affecting human health by producing harmful or beneficial metabolites, which are involved in the incidence and progression of several intestinal related and non-related diseases. Habitual diet (Western, Agrarian and Mediterranean omnivore diets, vegetarian, vegan and gluten-free diets) drives the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolome. Within the dietary components, polymers (mainly fibers, proteins, fat and polyphenols) that are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes seem to be the main leads of the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota, which in turn directly influence the human metabolome. Specific relationships between diet and microbes, microbes and metabolites, microbes and immune functions and microbes and/or their metabolites and some human diseases are being established. Dietary treatments with fibers are the most effective to benefit the metabolome profile, by improving the synthesis of short chain fatty acids and decreasing the level of molecules, such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide, involved in disease state. Based on the axis diet-microbiota-health, this review aims at describing the most recent knowledge oriented towards a profitable use of diet to provide benefits to human health, both directly and indirectly, through the activity of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Physical Activity-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota: Possible Implications for Human Health and Athletic Performance

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3075
Author(s):  
Vittoria Cella ◽  
Viviana M. Bimonte ◽  
Claudia Sabato ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Carlo Baldari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
External Causes ◽  
General Populations ◽  
And Function ◽  
Induced Changes

The gut microbiota is a complex heterogeneous microbial community modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the external causes, nutrition as well as physical activity appear to be potential drivers of microbial diversity, both at the taxonomic and functional level, likely also influencing endocrine system, and acting as endocrine organ itself. To date, clear-cut data regarding which microbial populations are modified, and by which mechanisms are lacking. Moreover, the relationship between the microbial shifts and the metabolic practical potential of the gut microbiota is still unclear. Further research by longitudinal and well-designed studies is needed to investigate whether microbiome manipulation may be an effective tool for improving human health and, also, performance in athletes, and whether these effects may be then extended to the overall health promotion of general populations. In this review, we evaluate and summarize the current knowledge regarding the interaction and cross-talks among hormonal modifications, physical performance, and microbiota content and function.

scholarly journals A New Perspective on the Health Benefits of Moderate Beer Consumption: Involvement of the Gut Microbiota

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Quesada-Molina ◽  
Araceli Muñoz-Garach ◽  
Francisco J. Tinahones ◽  
Isabel Moreno-Indias
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beer Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Brewing Process ◽  
Fermented Beverage ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

Beer is the most widely consumed fermented beverage in the world. A moderate consumption of beer has been related to important healthy outcomes, although the mechanisms have not been fully understood. Beer contains only a few raw ingredients but transformations that occur during the brewing process turn beer into a beverage that is enriched in micronutrients. Beer also contains an important number of phenolic compounds and it could be considered to be a source of dietary polyphenols. On the other hand, gut microbiota is now attracting special attention due to its metabolic effects and as because polyphenols are known to interact with gut microbiota. Among others, ferulic acid, xanthohumol, catechins, epicatechins, proanthocyanidins, quercetin, and rutin are some of the beer polyphenols that have been related to microbiota. However, scarce literature exists about the effects of moderate beer consumption on gut microbiota. In this review, we focus on the relationship between beer polyphenols and gut microbiota, with special emphasis on the health outcomes.

scholarly journals Liver Cirrhosis and Sarcopenia from the Viewpoint of Dysbiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nishikawa ◽  
Hirayuki Enomoto ◽  
Shuhei Nishiguchi ◽  
Hiroko Iijima
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severe Disturbance

Sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) has been attracting much attention these days because of the close linkage to adverse outcomes. LC can be related to secondary sarcopenia due to protein metabolic disorders and energy metabolic disorders. LC is associated with profound alterations in gut microbiota and injuries at the different levels of defensive mechanisms of the intestinal barrier. Dysbiosis refers to a state in which the diversity of gut microbiota is decreased by decreasing the bacterial species and the number of bacteria that compose the gut microbiota. The severe disturbance of intestinal barrier in LC can result in dysbiosis, several bacterial infections, LC-related complications, and sarcopenia. Here in this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between sarcopenia and dysbiosis in patients with LC.

scholarly journals You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Moszak ◽  
Monika Szulińska ◽  
Paweł Bogdański
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The gut microbiota (GM) is defined as the community of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses) colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. GM regulates various metabolic pathways in the host, including those involved in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. The relationship between alterations in intestinal microbiota and diseases associated with civilization is well documented. GM dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological disorders. Multiple factors modulate the composition of the microbiota and how it physically functions, but one of the major factors triggering GM establishment is diet. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge about the relationship between nutrition, gut microbiota, and host metabolic status. We described how macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fat) and different dietary patterns (e.g., Western-style diet, vegetarian diet, Mediterranean diet) interact with the composition and activity of GM, and how gut bacterial dysbiosis has an influence on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Are Sarcopenia and Cognitive Dysfunction Comorbid after Stroke in the Context of Brain–Muscle Crosstalk?

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Sophia X. Sui ◽  
Brenton Hordacre ◽  
Julie A. Pasco
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Physiological Pathways ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Health

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and is responsible for a significant economic burden. Sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction are common consequences of stroke, but there is less awareness of the concurrency of these conditions. In addition, few reviews are available to guide clinicians and researchers on how to approach sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction as comorbidities after stroke, including how to assess and manage them and implement interventions to improve health outcomes. This review synthesises current knowledge about the relationship between post-stroke sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction, including the physiological pathways, assessment tools, and interventions involved.

scholarly journals Phosphate, Microbiota and CKD

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Chiara Favero ◽  
Sol Carriazo ◽  
Leticia Cuarental ◽  
Raul Fernandez-Prado ◽  
Elena Gomá-Garcés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Phosphate Binders ◽  
Uremic Toxin ◽  
Mineral And Bone Disorder ◽  
Dietary Phosphate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Phosphate is a key uremic toxin associated with adverse outcomes. As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, the kidney capacity to excrete excess dietary phosphate decreases, triggering compensatory endocrine responses that drive CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Eventually, hyperphosphatemia develops, and low phosphate diet and phosphate binders are prescribed. Recent data have identified a potential role of the gut microbiota in mineral bone disorders. Thus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) only caused bone loss in mice whose microbiota was enriched in the Th17 cell-inducing taxa segmented filamentous bacteria. Furthermore, the microbiota was required for PTH to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass, and this was dependent on bacterial production of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. We review current knowledge on the relationship between phosphate, microbiota and CKD-MBD. Topics include microbial bioactive compounds of special interest in CKD, the impact of dietary phosphate and phosphate binders on the gut microbiota, the modulation of CKD-MBD by the microbiota and the potential therapeutic use of microbiota to treat CKD-MBD through the clinical translation of concepts from other fields of science such as the optimization of phosphorus utilization and the use of phosphate-accumulating organisms.

Synthesis and applications of nanoparticles: State of the Art and Future Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Shukla ◽  
Mitali Sharma ◽  
Sapna Yadav ◽  
Avinash Raghupathy ◽  
Kartikeya Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Soil And Water

: Nanoparticles are being extensively studied these days to grab more knowledge on how they can be used in various fields to increase the yields and hence be beneficial for biotic components of the ecosystem. Chemicals being used in agriculture have caused a lot of damage to the soil and water quality along with the crop plants, ultimately affecting human health severely. Better alternatives are thus required to get higher yields with a better quality of crop plants that enhance human health. A variety of nanoparticles exists in nature, while others have been manufactured accidentally or engineered purposefully. These can play many beneficial roles in the crop plants, increasing the yield of crops and quality of the grains. They can be applied at various stages and in different doses. The effect they exhibit would be dependent on many factors. Different nanoparticles have diverse effects on different plants. Some nanoparticles may be beneficial to one species of crop plant and disadvantageous to the other one. Therefore, an elaborative study is required on all the types of nanoparticles exhibiting their advantageous and disadvantageous impacts on different species of crop plants for the dose and stage in which they have been applied. This review explains the different types of nanoparticles categorized based on their manufacture and the different effects they cause in different plant species. More research and knowledge is yet to be obtained before using nanoparticles in crop plants since the way they affect human health is a serious matter of concern.

scholarly journals Cocoa Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interplay: Bioavailability, Prebiotic Effect, and Impact on Human Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Sorrenti ◽  
Sawan Ali ◽  
Laura Mancin ◽  
Sergio Davinelli ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cocoa and its products are rich sources of polyphenols such as flavanols. These compounds exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, accountable for cocoa health-promoting effects. However, cocoa polyphenols are poorly absorbed in the intestine, and most of them cannot reach the systemic circulation in their natural forms. Instead, their secondary bioactive metabolites are bioavailable, enter the circulation, reach the target organs, and exhibit their activities. In fact, once reaching the intestine, cocoa polyphenols interact bidirectionally with the gut microbiota. These compounds can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota exerting prebiotic mechanisms. They enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the number of pathogenic ones, such as Clostridium perfringens. On the other hand, bioactive cocoa metabolites can enhance gut health, displaying anti-inflammatory activities, positively affecting immunity, and reducing the risk of various diseases. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge of the bidirectional interaction between cocoa polyphenols and gut microbiota with their various health outcomes.

scholarly journals Ecological Factors of Transmission, Persistence and Circulation of Pathogens In Bat Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
S. Zemanová ◽  
Ľ. Korytár ◽  
Z. Benkő ◽  
M. Prokeš ◽  
A. Ondrejková
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ecological Roles ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The existence of bats is crucial for all ecosystem units as they fulfil numerous ecological roles. However, they are also considered to be natural reservoirs of a wide range of zoonotic microorganisms, especially viruses. In this review article we briefly summarize current knowledge about various ecological factors that facilitate bat pathogen dispersal and about the current approaches to monitoring viral communities present within bat populations. On the basis of the cited papers, we suggest that the increased focus on complex viral populations in bats and their interactions with other populations and the environment is necessary to fully comprehend the relationship between emerging infectious diseases, the environment and their toll on human health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document