Fate of Eprinomectin in Goat Milk and Cheeses with Different Ripening Times following Pour-On Administration

The distribution of eprinomectin in goat milk and cheeses (cacioricotta, caciotta, caprilisco) with different ripening times following a pour-on administration at a single dose rate (500 μg/kg of body weight) and a double dose rate (1,000 μg/kg of body weight) to goats with naturally occurring infections of gastrointestinal nematodes was studied. Milk residues of eprinomectin reached a maximum of 0.55 ± 0.18 μg/kg and 1.70 ± 0.31 μg/kg at the single and double doses, respectively. The drug concentrations decreased progressively until the fifth day after treatment, when they were less than the detection limit at both dose rates. The eprinomectin levels measured in all cheese types (both treatments) were higher than those recovered in milk at all the sampling times. In caciotta cheeses, the eprinomectin residues levels were constantly higher than other cheeses. With the exception of cheeses made with milk the first day after treatment, eprinomectin concentrations were nearly constant up to the fourth day then decreased by the fifth and sixth days after treatment. In all cases, at both the single and double dosages, the maximum level of eprinomectin residues in goat milk and cheeses remained below the maximum residual level of 20 μg/liter permitted for lactating cattle.

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Deltamethrin Residues in Milk and Cheese of Lactating Goats (Capra hircus)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24030517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Raffaele Marrone ◽

Abilasha Ramkumar ◽

Giorgio Smaldone ◽

Domenico Rufrano ◽

Claudia Chirollo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Body Weight ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Capra Hircus ◽

Maximum Residue Limit ◽

Time Points ◽

Lactating Goats

The distribution of pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin (DLM) in goat milk and cheese (caciotta) following pour-on administration at the sheep dosage (DLMS-10 mL/60 kg body weight) and double dosage (DLMD-20 mL/60 kg body weight) was studied. DLM concentrations were measured in milk collected from study animals (No.14) before treatment and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 30, 36, 48, 56, until 168 h (7 days) post treatment and in caciotta cheese at 12 and 24 h post treatment. At both dosages, the maximum level of DLM residues in goat milk and cheese was below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 20 μg kg−1 established for bovine milk (EU No 37/2010) at all time points. However, in terms of public health, higher DLM residues in cheese show that further specific studies should be performed on double dosage efficacy and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of ectoparasites in lactating goats.

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Antioxidant status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated with vanadium complex

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.8564 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Kannan ◽

A. Vijayaraj ◽

P. S. L. Sesh ◽

V. Narayanan ◽

A. Thangavel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Body Weight ◽

Dose Rate ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Vanadium Complex ◽

Dose Rates ◽

And Oxidative Stress

As lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, the antioxidant status of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, treated with vanadium complex was explored in the present study. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at the dose rate of 45 mg per kg body weight. Diabetes was confirmed after 72 hours of STZ injection by estimating blood glucose level and those rats showing more than 250 mg/ dL were considered as diabetic. Vanadium complex at the dose rates of 5 and 10 mg / kg body weight was administered orally to normal control and STZ induced diabetic rats. Glimepiride was used as the positive control and was given orally at the dose rate of 800 μg / Kg body weight. The study on the hepatic, renal and pancreatic tissues showed that vanadium complex at both the predetermined dosages significantly increased the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase along with a significant increase in the level of glutathione and a significant decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation. The study also revealed that there is a significant reduction in the activity of catalase after treatment with vanadium complex at both the dosage levels.

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Investigation of Background Radiation Level Within X-ray Machine Environment

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/napas.20 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 145-149

Author(s):

F Gbaorun ◽

D Terver

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Dose Rate ◽

Background Radiation ◽

Background Level ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Radiation Dose Rate ◽

Radiation Level ◽

X Ray ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Machine Room

In this study, a Geiger Muller ionization counter has been used to investigate the variation of background radiation dose level with time in a typical x-ray machine room and its environment. This is to monitor the effect of x-ray exposure on the background ionizing radiation level. The results showed that within a period of 3 hours, the cumulative background radiation dose in the x-ray room grew from s s Gy to around 84 . 90 ́ 10 - 10 - an initial level of 38 . 78 ́ Gy compared with nearby rooms where the s cumulative radiation grew from almost zero to a maximum value of about 46 . 9 ́ Gy within the 10 - same period. It was observed that after a radiation exposure from the machine, the background s radiation dose rate took about 25 minutes to decay from a maximum level of around 45 ́ Gy/hr to 10 - - s 17 . 47 ́ 10 the background level about Gy/hr which was found to be higher than the background dose rates in other nearby locations. While the dose rate in the x-ray machine room was higher than the s 10 - maximum dose limit of 12 ́ Gy/hr recommended for members of the public by the International Committee for Radiation Protection (ICRP), the dose rates in the other locations studied in the neighbourhood of the x-ray machine were within the limit.

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Radiation Awareness for Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in the Hybrid Operating Room: An Instant Operator Risk Chart for Daily Practice

Journal of Endovascular Therapy ◽

10.1177/15266028211007458 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152660282110074

Author(s):

Quirina M. B. de Ruiter ◽

Frans L. Moll ◽

Constantijn E. V. B. Hazenberg ◽

Joost A. van Herwaarden

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Dose Rate ◽

Effect Size ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

Dose Limit ◽

Access Site ◽

Femoral Access ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Rate Prediction ◽

Operator Dose

Introduction: While the operator radiation dose rates are correlated to patient radiation dose rates, discrepancies may exist in the effect size of each individual radiation dose predictors. An operator dose rate prediction model was developed, compared with the patient dose rate prediction model, and converted to an instant operator risk chart. Materials and Methods: The radiation dose rates (DRoperator for the operator and DRpatient for the patient) from 12,865 abdomen X-ray acquisitions were selected from 50 unique patients undergoing standard or complex endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) in the hybrid operating room with a fixed C-arm. The radiation dose rates were analyzed using a log-linear multivariable mixed model (with the patient as the random effect) and incorporated varying (patient and C-arm) radiation dose predictors combined with the vascular access site. The operator dose rate models were used to predict the expected radiation exposure duration until an operator may be at risk to reach the 20 mSv year dose limit. The dose rate prediction models were translated into an instant operator radiation risk chart. Results: In the multivariate patient and operator fluoroscopy dose rate models, lower DRoperator than DRpatient effect size was found for radiation protocol (2.06 for patient vs 1.4 for operator changing from low to medium protocol) and C-arm angulation. Comparable effect sizes for both DRoperator and DRpatient were found for body mass index (1.25 for patient and 1.27 for the operator) and irradiated field. A higher effect size for the DRoperator than DRpatient was found for C-arm rotation (1.24 for the patient vs 1.69 for the operator) and exchanging from femoral access site to brachial access (1.05 for patient vs 2.5 for the operator). Operators may reach their yearly 20 mSv year dose limit after 941 minutes from the femoral access vs 358 minutes of digital subtraction angiography radiation from the brachial access. Conclusion: The operator dose rates were correlated to patient dose rate; however, C-arm angulation and changing from femoral to brachial vascular access site may disproportionally increase the operator radiation risk compared with the patient radiation risk. An instant risk chart may improve operator dose awareness during EVAR.

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Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity of PNP Transistor at Extreme-Low Dose Rates

2018 18th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) ◽

10.1109/radecs45761.2018.9328712 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mohan Liu ◽

Wu Lu ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Xing Yu ◽

Jing Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Rate ◽

Low Dose ◽

Rate Sensitivity ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Low Dose Rate

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Effect of naturally occurring and synthetic androgens on growth, body composition and muscle glucocorticoid receptors in wether lambs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100007297 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 357-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Gallbraith ◽

A. D. Berry

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Live Weight ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Trenbolone Acetate ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Main Effects ◽

Nandrolone Phenylpropionate

AbstractTwenty-five Border Leicester ♂ × Blackface ♀ wether lambs aged about 4 months and weighing on average 28·5 kg were allocated to be treated with the naturally occurring steroid testosterone or trenbolone acetate or nandrolone phenylpropionate which are steroids synthetically produced. Treatment groups were as follows: untreated controls (C); 50 mg testosterone (T); 50 mg trenbolone acetate (TA); 50 mg testosterone + 50 mg trenbolone acetate (TTA) or 50 mg nandrolone phenylpropionate (N). Implants were given at 100 and again at 63 days before slaughter. The lambs were offered to appetite a good quality diet containing, per kg dry matter, an estimated 11·0 MJ metabolizable energy and 185 g crude protein. Comparisons were made for the main effects of T and TA and also interactions between T and TA. Effects due to N were assessed statistically against untreated controls. Treatment with T, on average, increased live-weight gain (LWG), empty body weight (EBW) and reduced backfat thickness and the weight (g/kg EBW) of perirenal and retroperitoneal fat. Main effects due to TA were increases in killing-out ratio and depth of the gigot joint and reductions in backfat thickness. Treatment with N increased the empty body weight and (g/kg) carcass ash. Non-significant (P > 0·05) trends were suggested for increases in carcass crude protein due to T and TA treatments. T and TA but not N treatments exhibited marked androgenic activity in increasing the weight (mg/kg EBW) of the accessary vesicular gland. TA and N, but not T, reduced the weight (g/kg EBW) of the thymus gland.The maximum binding capacity of post-morte m skeletal muscle (m. gluteus) for (3H)-dexamethasone was reduced by TA but increased by T and N. These results suggest differences in the binding capacity of corticosteroid receptors which may be related to differences in the effects of T and TA on protein metabolism in skeletal muscle.

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Kinetics of DNA Repair Under Chronic Irradiation at Low and Medium Dose Rates in Repair Proficient and Repair Compromised Normal Fibroblasts

Radiation Research ◽

10.1667/rade-21-00158.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elena K. Zaharieva ◽

Megumi Sasatani ◽

Kenji Kamiya

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Dna Repair ◽

Dose Rate ◽

Dose Response ◽

Chronic Irradiation ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Chronic Radiation ◽

Damage Repair ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Medium Dose

We present time and dose dependencies for the formation of 53BP1 and γH2AX DNA damage repair foci after chronic radiation exposure at dose rates of 140, 250 and 450 mGy/day from 3 to 96 h, in human and mouse repair proficient and ATM or DNA-PK deficient repair compromised cell models. We describe the time/dose-response curves using a mathematical equation which contains a linear component for the induction of DNA damage repair foci after irradiation, and an exponential component for their resolution. We show that under conditions of chronic irradiation at low and medium dose rates, the processes of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induction and repair establish an equilibrium, which in repair proficient cells manifests as a plateau-shaped dose-response where the plateau is reached within the first 24 h postirradiation, and its height is proportionate to the radiation dose rate. In contrast, in repair compromised cells, where the rate of repair may be exceeded by the DSB induction rate, DNA damage accumulates with time of exposure and total absorbed dose. In addition, we discuss the biological meaning of the observed dependencies by presenting the frequency of micronuclei formation under the same irradiation conditions as a marker of radiation-induced genomic instability. We believe that the data and analysis presented here shed light on the kinetics of DNA repair under chronic radiation and are useful for future studies in the low-to-medium dose rate range.

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QTL analysis of self-selected macronutrient diet intake: fat, carbohydrate, and total kilocalories

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00037.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 205-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Brenda K. Smith Richards ◽

Brenda N. Belton ◽

Angela C. Poole ◽

James J. Mancuso ◽

Gary A. Churchill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Qtl Analysis ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Macronutrient Intake ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Trait Locus ◽

Diet Intake ◽

Insight Into ◽

Protein Quantitative Trait Locus

The present study investigated the inheritance of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and kilocalorie intake traits in an F2 population derived from an intercross between C57BL/6J (fat-preferring) and CAST/EiJ (carbohydrate-preferring) mice. Mice were phenotyped for self-selected food intake in a paradigm which provided for 10 days a choice between two macronutrient diets containing 78/22% of energy as a composite of either fat/protein or carbohydrate/protein. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified six significant loci for macronutrient intake: three for fat intake on chromosomes (Chrs) 8 ( Mnif1), 18 ( Mnif2), and X ( Mnif3), and three for carbohydrate intake on Chrs 17 ( Mnic1), 6 ( Mnic2), and X ( Mnic3). An absence of interactions among these QTL suggests the existence of separate mechanisms controlling the intake of fat and carbohydrate. Two significant QTL for cumulative kilocalorie intake, adjusted for baseline body weight, were found on Chrs 17 ( Kcal1) and 18 ( Kcal2). Without body weight adjustment, another significant kcal locus appeared on distal Chr 2 ( Kcal3). These macronutrient and kilocalorie QTL, with the exception of loci on Chrs 8 and X, encompassed chromosomal regions influencing body weight gain and adiposity in this F2 population. These results provide new insight into the genetic basis of naturally occurring variation in nutrient intake phenotypes.

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Serum Metabolomic Alterations Associated with Cesium-137 Internal Emitter Delivered in Various Dose Rates

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10070270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Heng-Hong Li ◽

Yun-Tien Lin ◽

Evagelia C. Laiakis ◽

Maryam Goudarzi ◽

Waylon Weber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Rate ◽

Cumulative Dose ◽

Low Dose ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽

Cesium 137 ◽

Dose Rate Effect ◽

Medium Dose

Our laboratory and others have use radiation metabolomics to assess responses in order to develop biomarkers reflecting exposure and level of injury. To expand the types of exposure and compare to previously published results, metabolomic analysis has been carried out using serum samples from mice exposed to 137Cs internal emitters. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 137CsCl solutions of varying radioactivity, and the absorbed doses were calculated. To determine the dose rate effect, serum samples were collected at 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after injection. Based on the time for each group receiving the cumulative dose of 4 Gy, the dose rate for each group was determined. The dose rates analyzed were 0.16 Gy/day (low), 0.69 Gy/day (medium), and 1.25 Gy/day (high). The results indicated that at a cumulative dose of 4 Gy, the low dose rate group had the least number of statistically significantly differential spectral features. Some identified metabolites showed common changes for different dose rates. For example, significantly altered levels of oleamide and sphingosine 1-phosphate were seen in all three groups. On the other hand, the intensity of three amino acids, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine and Arginine, significantly decreased only in the medium dose rate group. These findings have the potential to be used in assessing the exposure and the biological effects of internal emitters.

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