scholarly journals QTL analysis of self-selected macronutrient diet intake: fat, carbohydrate, and total kilocalories

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda K. Smith Richards ◽  
Brenda N. Belton ◽  
Angela C. Poole ◽  
James J. Mancuso ◽  
Gary A. Churchill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Protein Quantitative Trait Locus

The present study investigated the inheritance of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and kilocalorie intake traits in an F2 population derived from an intercross between C57BL/6J (fat-preferring) and CAST/EiJ (carbohydrate-preferring) mice. Mice were phenotyped for self-selected food intake in a paradigm which provided for 10 days a choice between two macronutrient diets containing 78/22% of energy as a composite of either fat/protein or carbohydrate/protein. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified six significant loci for macronutrient intake: three for fat intake on chromosomes (Chrs) 8 ( Mnif1), 18 ( Mnif2), and X ( Mnif3), and three for carbohydrate intake on Chrs 17 ( Mnic1), 6 ( Mnic2), and X ( Mnic3). An absence of interactions among these QTL suggests the existence of separate mechanisms controlling the intake of fat and carbohydrate. Two significant QTL for cumulative kilocalorie intake, adjusted for baseline body weight, were found on Chrs 17 ( Kcal1) and 18 ( Kcal2). Without body weight adjustment, another significant kcal locus appeared on distal Chr 2 ( Kcal3). These macronutrient and kilocalorie QTL, with the exception of loci on Chrs 8 and X, encompassed chromosomal regions influencing body weight gain and adiposity in this F2 population. These results provide new insight into the genetic basis of naturally occurring variation in nutrient intake phenotypes.

scholarly journals Limited genetic parallels underlie convergent evolution of quantitative pattern variation in mimetic butterflies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Bainbridge ◽  
Melanie N. Brien ◽  
Carlos Morochz ◽  
Patricio A. Salazar ◽  
Pasi Rastas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Heliconius Melpomene ◽  
Trait Locus

AbstractMimetic systems allow us to address the question of whether the same genes control similar phenotypes in different species. Although widespread parallels have been found for major effect loci, much less is known about genes that control quantitative trait variation. In this study, we identify and compare the loci that control subtle changes in the size and shape of forewing pattern elements in two Heliconius butterfly co-mimics. We use quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis with a multivariate phenotyping approach to map the variation in red pattern elements across the whole forewing surface of Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene. These results are compared to a QTL analysis of univariate trait changes, and show that our resolution for identifying small effect loci is improved with the multivariate approach. QTL likely corresponding to the known patterning gene optix were found in both species but otherwise, a remarkably low level of genetic parallelism was found. This lack of similarity indicates that the genetic basis of convergent traits may not be as predictable as assumed from studies that focus solely on Mendelian traits.

scholarly journals Replacement of soya in pig diets with white lupine cv. Butan

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 418-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zralý ◽  
B. Písaříková ◽  
M. Trčková ◽  
M. Doležal ◽  
J. Thiemel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutrition Quality ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Finisher Diets

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of soya replacement (50 or 100%) with whole (WL) or dehulled seeds (DL) of white lupine cv. Butan in the diets for market pigs. The experiment was performed on 50 pigs in equal numbers of barrows and gilts with the initial mean body weight (BW) of 18.3 ± 2.1 kg, fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets for 100 days. In the experimental starter pigs (18 to 35 kg BW), the mean daily body weight gain (BWG) was 0.61 to 0.64 kg and was insignificantly lower by 1.5 to 6.2% in comparison with the pigs fed the control soya diet (SBM). The diet intake was also lower by 5.4 to 6.8% and could result from a higher content of crude fibre. In the grower and finisher diets, no side effect of high lupine levels on the feed intake was evident. The intake of DL diets was higher in comparison with the soya diet. The feed efficiency of the finisher diets was insignificantly higher (<I>P</I> > 0.05) for experimental diets (WL 50, WL 100, DL 100) in contrast to the control diet. The differences among diets containing WL or DL seeds were insignificant. During the experiment, no adverse effect of lupine on the health of pigs was observed and no significant differences in the parameters of market pig meat, nutrition quality of meat and sensory analysis were detected. The inclusion of lupine in diets resulted in a significantly lower n-6/n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in meat lipids (5.15 to 5.33) in comparison with soya (8.75). It follows from the obtained results that the tested lupine variety seeds are a source of high-quality protein that can be an alternative to soya in the diets for market pigs.

scholarly journals Identification and Analysis of Zinc Efficiency-Associated Loci in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqin Xu ◽  
Xuejie Wang ◽  
Huaqing Zhu ◽  
Futong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Insight Into

Zinc (Zn) deficiency, a globally predominant micronutrient disorder in crops and humans, reduces crop yields and adversely impacts human health. Despite numerous studies on the physiological mechanisms underlying Zn deficiency tolerance, its genetic basis of molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. Thus, the Zn efficiency of 20 maize inbred lines was evaluated, and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed in the recombination inbred line population derived from the most Zn-efficient (Ye478) and Zn-inefficient inbred line (Wu312) to identify the candidate genes associated with Zn deficiency tolerance. On this basis, we analyzed the expression of ZmZIP1-ZmZIP8. Thirteen QTLs for the traits associated with Zn deficiency tolerance were detected, explaining 7.6–63.5% of the phenotypic variation. The genes responsible for Zn uptake and transport across membranes (ZmZIP3, ZmHMA3, ZmHMA4) were identified, which probably form a sophisticated network to regulate the uptake, translocation, and redistribution of Zn. Additionally, we identified the genes involved in the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis (ZmIGPS) and auxin-dependent gene regulation (ZmIAA). Notably, a high upregulation of ZmZIP3 was found in the Zn-deficient root of Ye478, but not in that of Wu312. Additionally, ZmZIP4, ZmZIP5, and ZmZIP7 were up-regulated in the Zn-deficient roots of Ye478 and Wu312. Our findings provide a new insight into the genetic basis of Zn deficiency tolerance.

scholarly journals Influence of Nutrition and Genetics on Performance: A Pilot Study in a Group of Gymnasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Alessia Sacco ◽  
Alessandra Macchiarella ◽  
Valentina Contrò ◽  
Emilia Sabatino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Encoding Gene

AbstractPurpose. Energy requirements in sports performance are affected by numerous factors: physical characteristics, age, genetic basis, sports discipline. The Food and Nutrition Board recommended nutrition based on age, height, and body weight gain in relation to physical activity. Some genetic factors, such as the PPAR-encoding gene, play a key role in metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of specific snacks on performance. Methods. Seventeen girls aged 10-14 years practising artistic gymnastics were enrolled. A carb or protein/carb snack was provided before the training, and a questionnaire was administered at the end. In addition, saliva samples were collected for genetic analyses. Results. Most girls represented the CC genotype (65%), while a small part had the GC (23%) and GG (12%). The average BMI equalled 20.05 ± 2.8 kg/m

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Yosi Fenita
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.)  no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion.  In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

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