Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on Fresh Vegetables Collected from Farmers' Markets in Connecticut

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1446-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEEPTI PRASAD KARUMATHIL ◽  
HSIN-BAI YIN ◽  
ANUP KOLLANOOR-JOHNY ◽  
KUMAR VENKITANARAYANAN
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Colistin Sulfate ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Two Samples

ABSTRACT This study determined the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii on fresh vegetables collected from farmers' markets in Connecticut. One hundred samples each of fresh carrots, potatoes, and lettuce were sampled and streaked on selective media, namely Leeds Acinetobacter and MDR Acinetobacter agars. All morphologically different colonies from MDR Acinetobacter agar were identified by using Gram staining, biochemical tests, and PCR. In addition, susceptibility of the isolates to 10 antibiotics commonly used in humans, namely imipenem, ceftriaxone, cefepime, minocycline, erythromycin, colistin-sulfate, streptomycin, neomycin, doxycycline, and rifampin was determined by using an antibiotic disk diffusion assay. The results revealed that only two samples of potato and one sample of lettuce yielded A. baumannii. In addition, all carrot samples were found to be negative for the organism. However, several other opportunistic, MDR human pathogens, such as Burkholderia cepacia (1% potatoes, 5% carrots, and none in lettuce), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (6% potatoes, 2% lettuce, and none in carrots), and Pseudomonas luteola (9% potatoes, 3% carrots, and none in lettuce) were recovered from the vegetables. Antibiotic susceptibility screening of the isolates revealed high resistance rates for the following: ceftriaxone (6 of 6), colistin-sulfate (5 of 6), erythromycin (5 of 6), and streptomycin (4 of 6) in B. cepacia; colistin-sulfate (11 of 11) and imipenem (10 of 11) in P. luteola; colistin-sulfate (8 of 8), ceftriaxone (8 of 8), cefepime (7 of 8), erythromycin (5 of 8), and imipenem (4 of 8) in S. maltophilia; and imipenem (3 of 3), ceftriaxone (3 of 3), erythromycin (3 of 3), and streptomycin (3 of 3) in A. baumannii. The results revealed the presence of MDR bacteria, including human pathogens on fresh produce, thereby highlighting the potential health risk in consumers, especially those with a compromised immune system.

scholarly journals Report of Antibiotic Resistance in Urban and Rural Wastewaters from West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Meesha Singh ◽  
Rupsha Karmakar ◽  
Sayak Ganguli ◽  
Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aims: This study aims at comparative identification of antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from samples collected from rural environment (LS) and urban environments (SS). Metagenomic profiling gave us insights into the microbial abundance of the two samples. This study focused on culture-based methods for complete identification of antibiotic resistant isolates and estimation of comparative antibiotic resistance among the two samples. Study Design: Untreated medical waste and anthropogenic waste disposal can lead to the propagation of different antibiotic resistant strains in wastewater environments both in urban and rural set ups which provide an insight towards this study approach mentioned in the methodology segment. Place and Duration of Study: Sewer system of a medical facility located in Purulia, India was the collection site for liquid sludge. Solid sludge and associated wastewater were collected in vicinity of a large urban medical facility from central Kolkata, India. Methodology: Physico-chemical properties were analyzed followed by microbiological and biochemical characterization. The antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay. Potent multidrug resistant isolates were identified using 16srRNA gene amplification followed by Phylogenetic profiling, using CLC Genomics workbench. Results: We observed maximum resistance in an E. coli isolate which was resistant up to 22 antibiotics. Combined data for resistance from urban and rural samples were found to exhibit 83.9% resistance to beta lactams, 85.7% to macrolides, 44.2% to fluoroquinolones, 50% to glycopeptides and cephalosporins, 35.7 % to carbapenems and sulfonamides, 28.5 % to tetracycline, and 23.8 % to aminoglycosides. Conclusion: The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria harbouring diverse resistance traits across samples indicated towards probable horizontal gene transfer across environmental niches. This study can prove to be useful to understand and map the patterns of resistance and stringently apply the counter measures related to public health practices.

scholarly journals Prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in causing community acquired urinary tract infection among the patients attending outpatient department of Seti Zonal Hospital, Dhangadi, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tek Raj Awasthi ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Puspa Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Past History ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Involvement of multidrug resistant bacteria in causing community acquired infection is very serious public health issue. The main objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in causing community acquired urinary tract infection. In this study we cultured the 384 mid stream urine samples collected aseptically from the patients attending outpatient department of Seti zonal hospital and having no past history of hospitalization. The organisms isolated were identified by using conventional biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Out of total 384 samples 98 (25.52%) samples showed significant bacterial growth. The most prevalent bacterium isolated was Escherichia coli. 42.86% of the bacteria isolated were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). The involvement of such large numbers of multidrug resistant bacteria in causing community acquired urinary tract infection is very serious issue and cannot be neglected. And some abrupt initiatives should be taken by the responsible authorities to improve or at least avoid the further worsening of the situation.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 55-59

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Property of Actinomycetes Isolates from Soil and Water of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Dwij Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Property ◽  
Bioactive Metabolite ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Soil And Water

Background: Human pathogens are rapidly acquiring resistance to antibiotics leading to treatment failure. We carried out this study to isolate and screen actinomycetes strains that have potential to kill bacterial and fungal pathogens.Methods: In this descriptive study 288 soil and water samples were processed by standard microbiological techniques at Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University from 2013 to 2015. Screened actinomycetes were cultivated for bioactive metabolite production and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metabolites were determined against bacterial pathogens including multidrug resistant bacteria and fungi.Results: One hundred twenty isolates having antimicrobial property were screened. Out of them, four most potent strains, Nocardiopsis prasina, Streptomyces violarus, Streptomyces krainskii and Streptomyces tsusimaensis were identified all having both antibacterial and anti-fungal property.Highest zone of inhibition (ZOI)was given by N. prasina against Candida albicans(41.33 ±1.15mm) and among bacteria, maximum ZOI was against Acinetobacter baumannii(31.33±3.05mm). MIC value of metabolite of N.prasina was 0.125mg/ml for E.coli and C. albicans. It was 2.5 mg/ml each for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), A. baumannii and Salmonella Typhi and 0.625 mg/ml for Bacillus Subtilis.Conclusions: Bioactive metabolite producing actinomycetes were recovered from soil and tested against human pathogenic bacteria and fungiand found to have antibacterial and antifungal property.

scholarly journals Study of rapport of the milk pollution by multidrug-resistant bacteria (‘superbugs’), cows morbidity and calves lethality in holdings of eastern Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
O. V. Kolchyk ◽  
O. M. Korneikov ◽  
I. A. Bobrovytska
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Pasteurella multocida (46.0%), Neisseria spp. (44.0%), Aspergillus fumigatus (10.0%) were isolated in stable consortia form from milk samples (n = 60) from cows in 6 herds (n = 627 heads) with clinical signs of immunodeficiency status. The bacteria of these consortia is strong resistant to lots of antibiotics from synthetic penicillin group (ampiox, amoxiclav, ampicillinum), cephalosporins (cefalexin, cefixime), and macrolides (macropene, tylosin). The etiological structure of bacterial infections in cattle and their calves (n = 57) in mentioned farm holdings of eastern Ukraine was determined (6 farms in 3 regions). In the majority of these livestock, respiratory syndrome has been recorded for a long time in 56.0% of calves from 20 days to 5 months old. The signs of diarrhea were revealed in 12.0% of lactating and dry cows of these livestock, 18.0% of these animals showed the clinical manifestation of mastitis and 9.0% of them had the diarrhea syndrome. Pasteurella multocida (48.0%), Mycoplasma bovis (32.0%), Neisseria spp. (12.0%), Clostridium perfringens (8.0%) were identified using microbiological methods from nasal and rectal swabs from calves of different age groups, from cows with clinical signs of mastitis were isolated Mycoplasma bovis (50.0%), Pasteurella multocida (34.0%), Neisseria spp. (16.0%). Pasteurella multocida, Neisseria spp. and Clostridium perfringens isolates showed strong resistance to ampiox, amoxiclav, ampicillinum, cefalexin, cefixime, macropene, and tylosin. It was concluded that mentioned multidrug-resistant animal infectious agents in human food chain could be a sources of antibiotic resistance genes for human pathogens.

Antibiotic Resistance and Phylogenetic Characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Commercial Raw Meat in Switzerland

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1976-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGNESE LUPO ◽  
DEBORA VOGT ◽  
SALOME N. SEIFFERT ◽  
ANDREA ENDIMIANI ◽  
VINCENT PERRETEN
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization

The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through food has become a major public health concern because some important human pathogens may be transferred via the food chain. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most life-threatening gram-negative pathogens; multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones of A. baumannii are spreading worldwide, causing outbreaks in hospitals. However, the role of raw meat as a reservoir of A. baumannii remains unexplored. In this study, we describe for the first time the antibiotic susceptibility and fingerprint (repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR [rep-PCR] profile and sequence types [STs]) of A. baumannii strains found in raw meat retailed in Switzerland. Our results indicate that A. baumannii was present in 62 (25.0%) of 248 (CI 95%: 19.7 to 30.9%) meat samples analyzed between November 2012 and May 2013, with those derived from poultry being the most contaminated (48.0% [CI 95%: 37.8 to 58.3%]). Thirty-nine strains were further tested for antibiotic susceptibility and clonality. Strains were frequently not susceptible (intermediate and/or resistant) to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins for human use (i.e., ceftriaxone [65%], cefotaxime [32%], ceftazidime [5%], and cefepime [2.5%]). Resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, colistin, and tetracycline was sporadically observed (2.5, 2.5, 5, and 5%, respectively), whereas resistance to carbapenems was not found. The strains were genetically very diverse from each other and belonged to 29 different STs, forming 12 singletons and 6 clonal complexes (CCs), of which 3 were new (CC277, CC360, and CC347). Rep-PCR analysis further distinguished some strains of the same ST. Moreover, some A. baumannii strains from meat belonged to the clonal complexes CC32 and CC79, similar to the MDR isolates responsible for human infections. In conclusion, our findings suggest that raw meat represents a reservoir of MDR A. baumannii and may serve as a vector for the spread of these pathogens into both community and hospital settings.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Trisazo Dye from 3-Amino-4H-thieno[3,4-c][1]benzopyran-4-one

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tsemeugne ◽  
Emmanuel Sopbué Fondjo ◽  
Jean-de-Dieu Tamokou ◽  
Taoufik Rohand ◽  
Arnaud Djintchui Ngongang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Diazonium Ion ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Susceptibility Assay

A new trisazo dye has been synthesized by coupling the diazonium ion of 3-amino-4H thieno[3,4-c][1]benzopyran-4-one with 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol. The newly prepared trisazo dye was characterized by its physical, elemental, and spectroscopic data. 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) techniques were used to secure the structural assignments. The new trisazo dye (compound 7) along with precursors 3, 4, and 6 was screened by microdilution susceptibility assay for antibacterial and antifungal activities towards eight bacterial strains and three yeasts selected on the basis of their relevance as human pathogens. The results showed that compound 7 (MIC = 2–128 μg/mL) was the most active as compared with its precursors. The most resistant microorganisms were V. cholerae NB2 and V. cholerae SG24, whereas the most sensitive microorganism was C. neoformans. The overall results of this study indicated that compound 7 had the greatest potential value against both yeasts and multidrug-resistant bacteria, so further investigation is warranted.

scholarly journals Activity of the Novel Peptide Arminin against Multiresistant Human Pathogens Shows the Considerable Potential of Phylogenetically Ancient Organisms as Drug Sources

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 5245-5250 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Augustin ◽  
Friederike Anton-Erxleben ◽  
Stephanie Jungnickel ◽  
Georg Hemmrich ◽  
Björn Spudy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the need for new antibacterial agents. Arminin 1a is a novel antimicrobial peptide discovered during investigations of the epithelial defense of the ancient metazoan Hydra. Following proteolytic processing, the 31-amino-acid-long positively charged C-terminal part of arminin 1a exhibits potent and broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, including multiresistant human pathogenic strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains (minimal bactericidal concentration, 0.4 μM to 0.8 μM). Ultrastructural observations indicate that bacteria are killed by disruption of the bacterial cell wall. Remarkably, the antibacterial activity of arminin 1a is not affected under the physiological salt conditions of human blood. In addition, arminin 1a is a selective antibacterial agent that does not affect human erythrocyte membranes. Arminin 1a shows no sequence homology to any known antimicrobial peptide. Because of its high level of activity against multiresistant bacterial strains pathogenic for humans, the peptide arminin 1a is a promising template for a new class of antibiotics. Our data suggest that ancient metazoan organisms such as Hydra hold promise for the detection of novel antimicrobial molecules and the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Isolation of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria from Patients Medical Charts

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Roshan Thapa ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Eliza Thapa ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Background: Patient’s medical charts in hospitals are potentially contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and might act as vehicles for transmission of bacterial infections.This study was aimed to determine the rate of contamination of medical charts by multidrug resistant bacteria.Methods: Sampling of total 250 patient’s medical charts from different wards was done with the help of cotton swabs soaked in sterile normal saline. The swabs thus collected were cultured using standard microbiological procedures.The colonies grown were then identified with the help of colony morphology, Gram’s stain and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: Of the total 250 charts sampled, 98.8% grew bacteria; Bacillus spp. in 40.7%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp.(CoNS) (17%), Citrobacter freundii (9.6%) and Acinetobacter spp. (4.5%). Rate of multidrug resistance was highest in Acinetobacter spp. (50%). Among 83 isolates of S. aureus, methicillin resistance was found in 29 isolates. Similarly, two out of total 9 isolates of Enterococcus spp. were vancomycin resistant.Conclusions: This study showed that patient’s medical charts were contaminated with multidrug resistant bacteria including methicillin resistant S. aureus and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. Strict hand washing before and after handling medical charts is recommended.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fish Commonly Sold in Local Supermarkets Reveals the Presence of Pathogenic and Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117863611878692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ama Okyere ◽  
Dayna Bishoff ◽  
Micah O Oyaro ◽  
Nadim J Ajami ◽  
Charles Darkoh
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Fish has been an important source of proteins, essential vitamins, and low saturated fats for centuries. However, improperly handled fish can expose consumers to infectious bacteria, including difficult to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens. With the goal to investigate the existence of disease-causing and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, we examined bacterial communities present on various types of fish purchased from supermarkets in Houston, Texas, USA. The bacterial communities were characterized by selective phenotypic culture methods, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The results revealed the presence of different bacterial communities on the fish samples examined. The bacterial communities were not significantly different between the supermarkets sampled. The following presumptive human pathogens were isolated on the fish samples: Escherichia coli (67%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (31%), Shigella and Salmonella species (28%), Listeria species (29%), and Staphylococcus aureus (28%). Drug sensitivity assays showed resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Out of a total of 99 E. coli samples tested, 41.4% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 33.3% were resistant to gentamicin. Of the total of 31 S. aureus isolates tested, 87% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 61.3% were resistant to vancomycin. Moreover, some of the E. coli strains were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and gentamicin (28%), whereas 49% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. These results highlight the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens on fish purchased from the supermarkets and underscore the risk associated with improper handling of fish.

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