Peanut Skins as a Natural Antimicrobial Feed Additive to Reduce the Transmission of Salmonella in Poultry Meat Produced for Human Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Redhead ◽  
Fur Fatin Inazlina Noor Azman ◽  
Anis Izzaty Nasaruddin ◽  
Thien Vu ◽  
Fernanda Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Peanut Skins

Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans. Thus, the development of strategies to control bacterial pathogens in poultry is essential. Peanut skins, a considerable waste by-product of the peanut industry is discarded and of little economic value. However, peanut skins contain polyphenolic compounds identified that have antimicrobial properties. Hence, we aim to investigate the use of peanut skins as an antibacterial feed additive in the diets of broilers to prevent the proliferation of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). One hundred sixty male hatchlings (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to, (1) PS: peanut skin diet without SE inoculation (2) PSSE: peanut skin diet and SE inoculation 3) CON: control diet without SE inoculation (4) CONSE: control diet with SE inoculation. Feed intake and body weights were determined at week 0 and 5. On days 10 and 24 post hatch, 3 birds/pen (24 total) from each treatment group were euthanized and the liver, spleen, small intestine, and ceca were collected. The weights of the liver, spleen and ceca were recorded. Organ invasion was determined by counting SE colonies. Each pen served as an experimental unit and was analyzed using a t-test. Performance data was analyzed in a completely randomized design using a general linear mixed model to evaluate differences. There were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) in weekly average pen body weight, total feed consumption, bird weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the treatment groups. There were no significant differences in SE CFU/g for fecal, litter or feed between treatment groups CONSE and PSSE. However, for both fecal and litter, the PSSE treatment group tended (P ≤0.1) to have a lower Salmonella CFU/g compared to the CONSE treatment group. The results indicate that peanut skins may have potential application as an antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the transmission or proliferation of SE in poultry environments or flocks.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

scholarly journals Yeast extract plus blood plasma in diets for piglets from 36 to 60 days old

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Cinthia Maria Carlos Pereira ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira Donzele ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Verônica Maria Pereira Bernardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Variables

ABSTRACT: To evaluate inclusion levels and residual effects of diets containing yeast extract (YE) plus blood plasma (BP) on the performance of 36 to 60-days old piglets, 105 piglets were used (8.75±0.72kg), and they were distributed under a randomized block experimental design with five treatments (control - 2.0% BP; 1.0% BP plus 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0% YE), seven repetitions, and three animals per experimental unit. Piglets were given experimental diets from 36 to 49 days of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, all piglets received the same diet. No effects from treatments (P>0.10) were observed on the performance variables from 36 to 49 day of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, an effect was observed from YE levels on the daily feed consumption (P<0.03), daily weight gain (p<0.01), and final weight (P<0.06), which increased quadratically up to 1.67, 1.67, and 1.55% YE levels, respectively. Piglets which were fed with the diet containing 1.0% BP + 2.0% YE were observed to have better feed conversion ratios (P<0.01) as compared to the control diet (2.0% BP). As it provides a better residual effect, the inclusion of 1.67% yeast extract may replace 50% of blood plasma in 36 to 49-days old piglet diets.

scholarly journals Effects of the Ratio of Dietary Fish Meal to Soybean Meal on the Performance of Broiler Chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Nwe Nwe Htin ◽  
May Phyo Chit
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Fish

A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with a total of 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks which were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five replicates into 20 pens and brooded. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. From day old chick to 21 day, the broiler chicks were fed Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (3% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 10) was served as control diet, Diet 3 (2% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.5% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 20). From day 22 onwards, the broiler chicks were fed finisher diet, Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (2.6% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 10, serve as control diet, Diet 3 (1.8% fish meal and 27% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.3% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 20). Weekly performances and mortality are measured. By feeding FS5 diet (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal), the heavier body weight, increased feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks was observed when compared to that of other treatment groups. Conclusively, it is obvious that the ratio of dietary fish meal to soybean meal 1: 5 (FS5) improved body weight but the lower feed efficiency of this diet should be considered in economical point of view.

scholarly journals SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG DAUN MENGKUDU DALAM RANSUM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA AYAM BROILER

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Tuty Maria Wardiny ◽  
T Eduard Azwar Sinar ◽  
Desmayati Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Leaf Meal

An experiment was conduted to evaluate the effectiveness level of corn substituted by Morinda citrifolia leaf meal in broiler ration. The use of Morinda citrifolia leaf meal substituted for corn in ration is expected to improve feed conversion in broiler chickens and produce chicken meat that safe for consumption and free of chemical antibiotics residues . Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used to analyze data obtained from this research. One hundred and sixty chicleas (7 days aged) divided into 5 (five) treatments with 4 (four) replications and each replication consisted of 8 (eight) chicleas. Ration of treatments were a negative control diet (R0), 1% Morinda citrifolia leaf meal (R1), 2% Morinda citrifolia leaf meal (R2), 3% Morinda citrifolia leaf meal (R3) and commersial ration (R4). All treatments rations were added a natural feed additive that consist of 0,125% Curcuma and.0,075% Turmeric meal. Measured parameters were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, percentages of carcas and abdominal fat. Results showed that feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p <0.05) influenced by treatments. Mortality, percentage of carcas and abdominal fat were not significantly (p >0.05) influenced by ration treatments. Mortality rates in chickens using a ration of treatment was 0%, while using the control diet 0,78% (1 bird). The counclusion showed that the substitution of 1-2% Morinda citrifolia leaf meal in ration has better performance compared to the control diet, with improvement of feed conversion ratio was 7.57 and 9.2% respectively was more efficient than the control diets

scholarly journals Effect of the inclusion of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) in diet on growth and haematology of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331
Author(s):  
W. Buba ◽  
S. Duru ◽  
J. Metemilola ◽  
C. Uchendu ◽  
A.O. Iyiola-Tunji
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) as feed additive in rabbit diet on growth and hematological parameters of rabbits was investigated using a number of 24 non-descript rabbits in an eight (8) weeks feeding trial. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0g scent leaf (SL) per kg of feed. The diets were randomly assigned to four treatment groups of 6 rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Feed intake and weight gain was taken and used to calculate other growth performance parameters while blood sample (2 ml) was collected aseptically between 6:30 and 7:30 am from three rabbits per treatment and transferred into heparinised tubes which was used to determine the haematological parameters (PCV, Hb, red blood cells and white blood cells). The results showed that there was significant (P<0.05) differences in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) across the four (4) treatment groups with treatment group fed scent leaf at 4.0g/kg diet having the highest weight gain and the best FCR. There was also significant difference (P<0.05) in albumin and cholesterol levels. Haematological parameters showed significant difference (P<0.05) across the treatment groups with treatment group fed 2.0g scent leaf having the lowest white blood cell (8.00 x 1012 /L). In conclusion treatment group fed 4.0g scent leaf gave the best result in terms of weight gain and FCR.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Hens a Peanut Skin-Containing Diet on Hen Performance, and Shell Egg Quality and Lipid Chemistry

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Ondulla Toomer ◽  
Thien Vu ◽  
Rebecca Wysocky ◽  
Vera Moraes ◽  
Ramon Malheiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Peanut Skins

Peanut skins are a considerable waste product with little current economic value or use. We aimed to determine the dietary effects of peanut skins on layer production performance and egg quality and chemistry of the eggs produced. Two hundred commercial hens were randomly assigned to four treatments (five replicates) and fed ad libitum for 8 weeks: conventional control diet, diet containing 24% high-oleic peanut (HOPN), diet containing 3% peanut skin (PN Skin), and a diet with 2.5% oleic acid (OA). Hens fed the HOPN diet had significantly reduced body weights relative to the control and PN Skin treatments, producing fewer total eggs over the 8-week experimental period. Eggs weights were similar between the control and PN Skin treatments at weeks 2 and 4, while eggs from the PN Skin treatment group were heavier than other treatments at weeks 6 and 8 of the experiment. Eggs produced from the HOPN treatment had reduced saturated fatty acid (FA) content in comparison to the other treatment groups, while similar between PN Skin and control eggs at week 8 of the experiment. This study suggests that PN skins may be a suitable alternative layer feed ingredient.

scholarly journals Azolla as an Economic Substitute to Soybean Based Feed for Poultry

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625
Author(s):  
Dev Raj Paudel ◽  
Pramila Dhakal ◽  
Kailash P. Timsina ◽  
Ananta Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Point

A study on azolla as an economical substitute to soybean based poultry feed was conducted. The experiment consisted of four treatments laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications. Each experimental unit consisted of three birds. For this purpose, eight-day old, unsexed Hubbard broiler chicks were weighed and randomly assigned to each treatment. Four different levels of azolla meal were incorporated in the starter and finisher ration at a level of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively. Body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency were measured. The average cumulative weekly body weight for all weeks were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) for the various treatments. Maximum cumulative body weight (1360 g) was found in broiler fed T2 ration in 5th week. Similar trend was also observed in 6th week showing highest cumulative weight (1882 g) in control diet (T1) which was at par with T2 (1841 g). Significantly highest (420.3 g) live weight gain was observed in T2 diet during 5th week. Overall mean of weekly feed consumption was recorded highest (784.33 g) in T2 diet. The economic analysis of net income/kg live weight was the highest (Rs 18.86) in T1 which was at par with T2 (Rs 18.35). Likewise, cost of production/bird was highest (Rs 124.5) in T1 and lowest (Rs 112.2) in T4. The results show that azolla meal could be utilized to substitute up to 10% soybean meal from overall production and economic point of view.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 619-625

scholarly journals Effects of Microencapsulated Blend of Organic Acids and Essential Oils as a Feed Additive on Quality of Chicken Breast Meat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Alessandro Stamilla ◽  
Nunziatina Russo ◽  
Antonino Messina ◽  
Carmine Spadaro ◽  
Antonio Natalello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Cooked Meat

The present study aims to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation based on a blend of microencapsulated organic acids (sorbic and citric) and essential oils (thymol and vanillin) on chicken meat quality. A total of 420 male Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: the control group was fed with conventional diet (CON), while the other group received the control diet supplemented with 0.5% of a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and essential oils (AVI). In breast meat samples, intramuscular fat content and saturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio were reduced by AVI supplementation (p < 0.05). Moreover, atherogenic (p < 0.01) and thrombogenic (p < 0.05) indices were lower in AVI than CON treatment. AVI raw meat showed a lower density of psychrotrophic bacteria (p < 0.05) at an initial time, and higher loads of enterococci after 4 days of refrigerated storage (p < 0.05). No contamination of Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp., and Clostridium spp. was found. TBARS values of the cooked meat were lower in the AVI treatment compared to CON (p < 0.01). Among colour parameters, a*, b* and C* values increased between 4 and 7 days of storage in AVI cooked meat (p < 0.05). Overall, organic acids and essential oils could improve the quality and shelf-life of poultry meat.

scholarly journals PSVI-9 Mint oil, yeast cell, and ɣ-tocopherol supplementation in gestation and lactation diets on offspring performance during the post-wean period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 195-196
Author(s):  
Lily P Hernandez ◽  
James L Dunn ◽  
Joel Wenninghoff ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
And Control

Abstract Weaning is a period of pig growth associated with increased incidence of oxidative stress which can impact post-weaning performance. Inclusion of feed additives with antioxidant activity in sow diets has been reported to improve offspring growth beyond the suckling phase. A study assessed yeast cell, mint oil, and ɣ-tocopherol supplementation in sow gestation and lactation diets has on offspring post-weaning performance. A total of 605 piglets (6.14 ± 2.53 kg BW) from 53 sows were randomly allotted to 62 pens, balanced by weight and litter within maternal diet [Control diet (CON), control + yeast cell at 0.15% (YC), control + mint oil at 10 ppm (MO), and control + ɣ-tocopherol at 200 ppm (GT)]. Pens of pigs were given a common diet for 126 d post-wean in a 9-phase feeding regimen. After d29 post-wean, performance of pigs deemed light (&lt; 5.10 kg) and heavy (&gt;7.25 kg) at weaning were followed to d126. Performance was analyzed as randomized complete block with pen as experimental unit and Tukey’s adjustment as means separation test. Pigs from CON sows tended to be lighter pigs from all other treatment groups at weaning and d29 post-wean due to differences in daily gain. Lightweight MO and GT pigs had a heavier weight at d42 (P=0.002) than CON and YC pigs (16.8, 16.7, 19.3, and 19.9 ± 0.77 kg in CON, YC, MO, and GT, respectively). At d70 post-wean, GT pigs tended to be heavier than CON pigs, with YC and MO intermediate. Lightweight pigs from MO sows had greater gain (P=0.04) during the finishing period than all other treatment groups, with GT pigs gaining less. There were no detectable differences in BW during the finishing phase among treatments in heavyweight pigs, however, CON pigs tended (P=0.07) to gain the least. Exposure to mint oil and ɣ-tocopherol during the prenatal and suckling period may provide lasting benefits to light-weight pigs post-wean.

scholarly journals Effect of the inclusion of scent leaf (ocimum gratissimum) in diet on growth and haematology of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
W. Buba ◽  
S. Duru ◽  
J. Metemilola ◽  
C. Uchendu ◽  
A. O. Iyiola-Tunji
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) as feed additive in rabbit diet on growth and hematological parameters of rabbits was investigated using a number of 24 non-descript rabbits in an eight (8) weeks feeding trial. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain (0.0, 2.0.4.0 and 6.Og scent leaf (SL) per kg of feed. The diets were randomly assigned to four treatment groups of 6 rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Food intake and weight gain was taken and used to calculate other growth performance parameters while blood sample (2 ml) was collected aseptically between 6:30 and 7:30 am from three rabbits per treatment and transferred into heparinised tubes which was used to determine the haematological parameters (PCV, Hb, red blood cells and white blood cells). The results showed that there was significant (P<0.05) differences in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) across the four (4) treatment groups with treatment group fed scent leaf at 4.0g/kg diet having the highest weight gain and the best FCR. There was also significant difference (P<0.05) in albumin and cholesterol levels. Haematological parameters showed significant difference (P<0.05) across the treatment groups with treatment group fed 2.0g scent leaf having the lowest white blood cell (8.00 x 1012/L). In conclusion treatment group fed 4.Og scent leaf gave the best result in terms of weight gain and FCR.

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