The Totalitarian Régime

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-237
Author(s):  
Hugh Seton-Watson
Keyword(s):  
Totalitarian Regime

Encounters Across Borders. Modernist Ideas and Professional Practices in the 1970s Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-420
Author(s):  
Mara Mărginean
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Third World ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
European Culture

Building on several international professional meetings of architects organized in Romania or abroad, this article details how various modernist principles, traditionally subsumed to Western European culture, were gradually reinterpreted as an object of policy and professional knowledge on urban space in the second and third world countries. The article analyses the dialogue between Romanian architects and their foreign colleagues. It highlights how these conversations adjusted the hierarchies and power relations between states and hegemonic centres of knowledge production. In this sense, it contributes to the recent research on the means by which the "trans- nationalization of expertise" "transformed various (semi)peripheral states into new centres of knowledge and thus outlines a new analytical space where domestic actions of the Romanian state in the area of urban policies are to be analysed not as isolated practices of a totalitarian regime, but as expressions of the entanglements between industrialization models, knowledge flows and models of territoriality that were not only globally relevant, but they also often received specific regional, national and local forms.

Interaction of Ukrainian Diaspora and the USA Government Regarding Celebration of Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (47) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Halyna Shchyhelska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
The United States ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Usa

2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the proclamation of Ukrainian independence. OnJanuary 22, 1918, the Ukrainian People’s Republic proclaimed its independence by adopting the IV Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada, although this significant event was «wiped out» from the public consciousness on the territory of Ukraine during the years of the Soviet totalitarian regime. At the same time, January 22 was a crucial event for the Ukrainian diaspora in the USA. This article examines how American Ukrainians interacted with the USA Government institutions regarding the celebration and recognition of the Ukrainian Independence day on January 22. The attention is focused on the activities of ethnic Ukrainians in the United States, directed at the organization of the special celebration of the Ukrainian Independence anniversaries in the US Congress and cities. Drawing from the diaspora press and Congressional Records, this article argues that many members of Congress participated in the observed celebration and expressed kind feelings to the Ukrainian people, recognised their fight for freedom, during the House of Representatives and Senate sessions. Several Congressmen submitted the resolutions in the US Congress urging the President of United States to designate January 22 as «Ukrainian lndependence Day». January 22 was proclaimed Ukrainian Day by the governors of fifteen States and mayors of many cities. Keywords: January 22, Ukrainian independence day, Ukrainian diaspora, USA, interaction, Congress

Bulgarian Turkish Emigration and Return

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darina Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Lasting Effect ◽  
History Of

The history of the emigration of Bulgarian Muslim Turks to Turkey is more than a century old. The violation of the human rights of ethnic Turks by the totalitarian regime during the 1980s resulted in the most massive and unpredictable migration wave ever seen in that history. This article examines the complexity of factors and motivations of the 1989 emigration which included almost half of the ethnic Turks living in Bulgaria and constituting until that time 9 percent of the total population. The author considers the strong and long-lasting effect of this emigration—followed by the subsequent return of half of the emigrants after the fall of the regime—both on Bulgaria's economy and on the political life of the society. The article aims also at providing a better understanding of the character of ethnic conflicts in posttotalitarian Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals A public library cannot live on books alone: A lesson from history

IFLA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Șerbănuță
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
System Development ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library System ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Archival Documents

For almost half a century Romania was under a totalitarian regime. In times of severe censorship and information control the communist regime promoted public libraries. This paper will present the main phases of the public library system development and discuss how the state’s emphasis on providing large collections of books influenced library services. As part of an oral history project, this paper will use memories of people who worked in public libraries of various sizes in the 1970s and the 1980s, archival documents and secondary sources to contribute to a more nuanced discussion about the recent history of Romanian public libraries. What were the phases of the development of the national library system and how important was the library collection for the institutional survival of the public library? The paper will also discuss the collection development policy and contrast it with the impoverished professional development within the library system.

scholarly journals POLITIK PEMUSNAHAN DAN PEMUSNAHAN POLITIK : Telaah Kritis Atas Konsep Hannah Arendt Tentang Totalitarisme

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Mathias Daven
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Total Domination ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Totalitarian Regime

If we wish to understand a totalitarian system as a whole, we need first to understand the central role of the concentration camp as a laboratorium to experiment in total domination. Arendt’s analysis of totalitarianism in the twentieth century shows how a totalitarian regime cannot survive without terror; and terror will not be effective without concentration camps. Experiments in concentration camps had as their purpose, apart from wiping out any freedom or spontaneity, the abolishing of space between human beings, abolishing space for politics. Thus, totalitarianism did not mirror only the politics of extinction, but also the extinction of politics. As a way forward, Arendt analyses political theory that forces the reader to understand power no longer under the rubric of domination or violence – although this avenue is open – but rather under the rubric of freedom. Arendt is convinced that the life of a destroyed nation can be restored by mutual forgiveness and mutual promises, two abilities rooted in action. Political action, as with other acts, is identical with the ability to commence something new. Keywords: Totalitarisme, antisemitisme, imperialisme, dominasi, teror, kebebasan, kedaulatan, kamp konsentrasi, politik, ideologi, tindakan

scholarly journals ABSTRACT OF PRACTICAL ACTIVITY OF A WORKGROUP ON «DECOMMUNIZATION» OF PUBLIC AREA OF THE TOWN OF VINNYTSIA: HISTORIAN’S VIEW

2017 ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Karoyeva
Keyword(s):  
Group Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Area ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Town ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with practical activity of the workgroup created in order toadminister the Law of Ukraine «On condemnation of totalitarian regimes inUkraine and prohibition of propaganda of their insignia» within the town ofVinnytsia. The workgroup had to reveal objects containing communist andSoviet insignia that exists in the public urban area, to work out advice andpropositions as to replacing town toponyms containing insignia of communistthe totalitarian regime with new names.The article content is arranged in the following blocks: a) creation of theworkgroup; b) decision-making algorithm (from historians’ point of view);c) scientific grounds of historian group activity; d) selection of objects forfurther discussion; e) procedure of discussion of proposed new toponyms.Six historians residing in Vinnytsia were introduced into the workgroup.They belong to various generations and represent both governmental andpublic organizations. The following principles have been defined for organizingof the historian group activity: - toleration (provides for respectful attitude towards various canons ofhistoric memory except for Soviet-communist one);- historicism (due regard to be paid not only to the past but to currenttendencies and challenges of the future as well);- education (the activity has to promote dialogs between various socialgroups and formation of unified collective memory);- local topicality with a view to the formation of unified image/brand of thetown.Several approaches to practical activity on replacing of toponyms havebeen developed in order to ensure smooth work process. They were intendedto be used simultaneously or in sequence depending on the actual situation butevery proposal was concerned from the proposed standpoints in line with allthe following approaches:- historicity (provides for restoration of historical names of places andimplementation of historical and urban practical methods of representationof the town history in toponymy);- commemoration (this approach traditionally provides for drawing attentionto the formation of ethnic and national identity and cultural matrixof the nation, but in the course of solving of nation-wide problems Vinnytsiahistorian group strived to be oriented to the identity of local urbancommunity);- locality (conformity of toponyms to peculiarities of nature, history,economics and culture of Vinnytsia, Bratslavshchyna, and Podillia regions);- concreteness (provides for conformity of a toponym to its actual local(in line with toponym’s scale) circumstances (geographical, biological,industrial, cultural, religious, personological etc.);- actualization (due regard to be paid to the necessity of drawing attentionto certain events and persons that, as a rule, are not of the nationwidescale).Out of total 836 town place names, 147 toponyms (85 names) have beenreplaced with new ones and reasoning for 5 names (12 toponyms) has beenchanged. Thus decommunization encompassed 19% of the town toponymicalsystem.

scholarly journals SOVIET REPRESSIONS AGAINST THE CLERGE OF THE GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCH IN 1944–1947 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FR. IVAN KOTIV’S BIOGRAPHY)

2021 ◽  
pp. 319-341
Author(s):  
Mykola Haliv ◽  
Anna Ohar
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The Media ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

Summary. Based on the prosopographic approach and analysis of the Fr. Ivan Kotiv biography the article studies the forms and methods of Soviet repressions against the Greek Catholic clergy. The purpose of the article is on the example of the relations of the Soviet special bodies with Fr. Ivan Kotiv to analyze and cover the repressive activities against the Greek Catholic Church in 1944–1947. The research methodology is based on prosopographic approach, principles of historicism, scientific, authorial objectivity, application of general scientific (deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-typological) methods. The novelty of the study is that for the first time in Ukrainian historical science an attempt has been made to shed light on the repressive activities of the Soviet authorities against the Greek Catholic clergy through the prism of a prosographic analysis of the activities of Fr. Ivan Kotiv, one of the informal leaders of the Greek Catholic clergy in the liquidation of the GCC. The Conclusions. Thus, on the example of the relations of the Soviet special bodies with Fr. Ivan Kotiv analyzed and covered the repressive activities against the GCC in 1944–1946. In our opinion, the repressive policy of the Soviet authorities towards the clergy of the GCC during the outlined period can be divided into several stages: 1) stage of "soft pressure" (August 1944 – March 1945), which was characterized by careful study and analysis of the internal situation of the GCC, personality traits of leading figures among the Greek Catholic clergy, gradual propaganda and intelligence training of the Union Church to join the ROC, dissemination of rhetoric individually and through the media and study the clergy the idea; 2) the stage of organizational and repressive pressure (April 1945 – March 1946), which was marked by the arrests of the top of the GCC, the creation and operation of the CIG, neutralization of opposition attempts led by K. Sheptytsky and I. Kotiv to conduct special operations to "reunite" churches; 3) the stage of total repressions against the clergy, which did not recognize the decisions of the Lviv Pseudo-Council (March 1946 – May 1947). In fact, all these stages are quite clearly traced in the relationship of Fr. I. Kotiv with the Soviet authorities, and thus his activity in the period under study is quite representative and prosopographically relevant for understanding the complexity of the GCC in the restoration of the Soviet totalitarian regime in the Western Ukraine in the first postwar years.

scholarly journals Ethnological motifs in the non-fiction film

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumitru Olarescu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Native People ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Non Fiction

The possibilities of the documentary film to fix ethnological and ethnographic phenomena in all their audiovisual integrity contributed to the realization of this category of films right from the beginnings of non-fiction cinema. At the «Moldova-film» studio, despite the very vigilant ideological conditions of the totalitarian regime, especially when it came to the cultural heritage of the native people, our filmmakers released a series of films, dedicated to customs, rituals and traditions – important components of our national identity. This category of films has been talked about and written in some specialized studies. The cinematographic works “Trânta/Wrestling” (director Anatol Codru) and “Jocurile copilăriei noastre/The Games of our Childhood” (directors Vlad Druc, Mircea Chistrugă) serve as research topic for us. They are dedicated to popular sports games, which, besides being captivating manifestations that have survived through centuries until the present, are imposed in the context of national identity, but, through this prism, the respective works have not been researched yet.

scholarly journals Masks in the Iraqi Hell: On the Works of Iraqi Writer ʿAbd al-Sattār Nāṣir

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Geula Elimelekh
Keyword(s):  
Body Politic ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The People ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
Sixties Generation ◽  
Induced Reaction

ʿAbd al-Sattār Nāṣir (1947–2013) belonged to the group of Iraqi writers and intellectuals called Jīl al-Sittināt "the Sixties Generation", which dominated the cultural scene at the time. This article examines Nāṣir as a driven writer, who initially wrote out of a morally induced reaction to expose the suffering and brutalization of all Iraqi peoples and ethnicities by a controlling totalitarian regime, and as a once-incarcerated author of brave novels he hoped would someday catalyze a popular overthrow of the lawless, abusive leaders, thereby ending the fears and violence possessing Iraq’s body politic. Two themes -- the destruction wreaked by those with extraordinary power and their use of lies and deception to control the people –- are central to the three novels chosen as representative of Nāṣir’s oeuvre: Abū al-Rīsh (2002), Niṣf al-Aḥzān 'Half Sorrows' (2000) and Qushūr al-Badhinjān 'Eggplant Peels' (2007). In these three novels, Nāṣir exposes the unimaginable terror, violence and cruelty of Saddām Ḥusayn and his henchmen, as well as their propaganda, which consisted of lies and deception. Saddām is depicted as a ruler who presents himself as an inspiring revolutionary, but in fact is a tyrant who deceives the citizens, subjecting them to brutal control and leading them into deadly wars.  Following George Orwell’s 1984, Nāṣir’s literary corpus attempts to rip the masks from the faces of the dictator and his lackeys, who oppress the people, deny them any freedom of thought and keep them under constant surveillance.

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