Living with Earthquakes: Educating masses through earthquake awareness: North East (NE) India perspective

Earthquake is one of the most frightening and destructive phenomena of nature. The northeast India region, as well as its adjoining South-Asian neighbours including Myanmar and Bangladesh, is tectonically and seismically most active. The region categorized under the highest level of seismic hazard potential: Zone V, of the seismic zonation map of India, has experienced nearly 22 large (M ≥7.0) and two great earthquakes (M S ∼ 8.7) in the past 130 years. All these earthquakes caused wide-spread damage over the region. In the recent past, with rapid urbanization combined with a significant population rise as compared to those times when these great/large earthquakes occurred, the seismic vulnerability index has increased manifold. The situation demands widespread dissemination of seismic hazard and preparedness information via community engagement and highlighting on potentially tragic consequences of earthquakes by conducting extensive mock drill exercises & earthquake awareness programmes. In this paper, the role and efforts of the statuary bodies in the region, such as National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and CSIR – Northeast Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST) and societal program of Academy of Scientific and Innovative research, to mitigate and minimize seismic hazard by extensive dissemination of earthquake information, via scientific scenario and impact assessment, is holistically compiled.

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Seismic Vulnerability in the Himalayan Region

Himalayan Physics ◽

10.3126/hj.v1i0.5165 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 14-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Harihar Paudyal ◽

Ananta Panthi

Keyword(s):

Seismic Hazard ◽

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Plate Boundary ◽

High Potential ◽

Himalayan Region ◽

Indian Plate ◽

Potential Zone ◽

Central Himalaya ◽

Strong Earthquakes ◽

Large Earthquakes

The frequently occurring strong earthquakes in the Himalayan region signify the seismic vulnerability in the region. The continued northward movement of Indian plate is generating large amount of stress at the plate boundary which is being released in form of large and great earthquakes (M≥7). Absence of such great events in the Himalayan front for last six decades and in some segments for last two centuries envisages the region as a high potential zone for future seismic hazard. In this paper we studied the larger events in the central Himalayan region.Key words: Central Himalaya; Large earthquakes; Seismic hazardsThe Himalayan Physics Vol.1, No.1, May, 2010Page: 14-17Uploaded Date: 28 July, 2011

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Determination of the level of seismic hazard in Yogyakarta using fuzzy simple additive weighting method

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/884/1/012002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 884 (1) ◽

pp. 012002

Author(s):

F Y Saptaningtyas ◽

A M Abadi ◽

Musthofa ◽

E Y Utomo ◽

A W Sugiyarto

Keyword(s):

Seismic Hazard ◽

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Weighting Method ◽

The Social ◽

Simple Additive Weighting ◽

High Level ◽

National Disaster ◽

Special Region

Abstract This study aims to obtain a mapping of seismic hazard vulnerability of Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) using the Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW) method. This mapping is serves as an act of mitigation for earthquake disasters to reduce the risk of earthquake disasters and minimize fatalities or losses in earthquake-prone areas. The factors used construct the mapping of earthquake-prone areas in Yogyakarta are social, physical, and economic vulnerabilities. Each factor has several variables. The data of this research were taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) of the Special Region of Yogyakarta from 2014 to 2017. The FSAW method was used to determine the level of seismic hazard for each sub-district in DIY with a high, medium, or low vulnerability category. The steps taken in the FSAW method are (1) performing fuzzification for each variable, (2) normalizing, (3) determining the weigh of each variable, (4) determining the classification of the result; whether it is categorized under high, medium, or low level. The result from this study is a map that shows areas in each district of Special Region of Yogyakarta with high, medium, and low seismic vulnerability. Based on the social, economic and physical vulnerability factors, it was found that every sub-district in Yogyakarta City were categorized under the high-level vulnerability, while the sub-districts in Bantul, Gunungkidul, Kulonprogo and Sleman Regencies had the average level of medium.

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Integrated economic and environmental building classification and optimal seismic vulnerability/energy efficiency retrofitting

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10518-021-01101-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martina Caruso ◽

Rui Pinho ◽

Federica Bianchi ◽

Francesco Cavalieri ◽

Maria Teresa Lemmo

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Seismic Hazard ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Classification System ◽

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Operational Energy

AbstractA life cycle framework for a new integrated classification system for buildings and the identification of renovation strategies that lead to an optimal balance between reduction of seismic vulnerability and increase of energy efficiency, considering both economic losses and environmental impacts, is discussed through a parametric application to an exemplificative case-study building. Such framework accounts for the economic and environmental contributions of initial construction, operational energy consumption, earthquake-induced damage repair activities, retrofitting interventions, and demolition. One-off and annual monetary expenses and environmental impacts through the building life cycle are suggested as meaningful performance metrics to develop an integrated classification system for buildings and to identify the optimal renovation strategy leading to a combined reduction of economic and environmental impacts, depending on the climatic conditions and the seismic hazard at the site of interest. The illustrative application of the framework to an existing school building is then carried out, investigating alternative retrofitting solutions, including either sole structural retrofitting options or sole energy refurbishments, as well as integrated strategies that target both objectives, with a view to demonstrate its practicality and to explore its ensuing results. The influence of seismic hazard and climatic conditions is quantitatively investigated, by assuming the building to be located into different geographic locations.

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System-wide seismic vulnerability of aging multiple-span multiple-girder bridges in low-to-moderate seismic hazard regions

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1177/87552930211021434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 1626-1651

Author(s):

John E Lens M.EERI ◽

Mandar M Dewoolkar ◽

Eric M Hernandez M.EERI

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Seismic Hazard ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Time History ◽

The United States ◽

National Database ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Girder Bridges ◽

The Status

This article describes the approach, methods, and findings of a quantitative analysis of the seismic vulnerability in low-to-moderate seismic hazard regions of the Central and Eastern United States for system-wide assessment of typical multiple span bridges built in the 1950s through the 1960s. There is no national database on the status of seismic vulnerability of bridges, and thus no means to estimate the system-wide damage and retrofit costs for bridges. The study involved 380 nonlinear analyses using actual time-history records matched to four representative low-to-medium hazard target spectra corresponding with peak ground accelerations from approximately 0.06 to 0.3 g. Ground motions were obtained from soft and stiff site seismic classification locations and applied to models of four typical multiple-girder with concrete bent bridges. Multiple-girder bridges are the largest single category, comprising 55% of all multiple span bridges in the United States. Aging and deterioration effects were accounted for using reduced cross-sections representing fully spalled conditions and compared with pristine condition results. The research results indicate that there is an overall low likelihood of significant seismic damage to these typical bridges in such regions, with the caveat that certain bridge features such as more extensive deterioration, large skews, and varied bent heights require bridge-specific analysis. The analysis also excludes potential damage resulting from liquefaction, flow-spreading, or abutment slumping due to weak foundation or abutment soils.

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Contested Urban Spaces in Delhi: Experiences of Discrimination of Women from Northeast India

Journal of Social Inclusion Studies ◽

10.1177/2394481118812310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 258-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mala Mukherjee ◽

Chandrani Dutta

Keyword(s):

Urban Society ◽

Northeast India ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

Women Migrants ◽

Melting Pot ◽

University Campuses ◽

Cultural Heterogeneity ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Indian Cities

Indian cities as the melting pot of cultural heterogeneity exhibits the idea of a complex urban society with problems of acceptance of cultural diversity that often leads to contest for space and exclusion of the ethnic minorities especially women from these communities. While such exclusion takes many forms of discrimination, this paper provides an account of discrimination faced by the women from the North-East in Delhi. It provides estimates of incidents which suggest that the most common form of discrimination is ‘treating’ them as foreigners. Name calling, and denial of services, especially rental accommodation on the ground of food habits are the most common forms of discrimination. Some of the respondents have also reported that washer men refuse to wash their clothes. Furthermore, women migrants often face physical abuses in forms of unwanted touching, especially in the crowded places like local markets and public buses. Men too are bantered for their hairstyle and dressing sense. Central university campuses are not even free from these discriminatory practices. North-East Helpline (1093) partially helps in lodging complains, but problem sustains. At the end, the authors come up with the idea of ethnic sensitization and establishing special units in various institutions for tackling these problems separately.

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Building Seismic Vulnerability Study for China High Rises

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2301 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 353-356 ◽

pp. 2301-2304

Author(s):

Fan Wu ◽

Ming Wang ◽

Xin Yuan Yang

Keyword(s):

Ground Motion ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Fragility Curves ◽

Response Spectrum ◽

Earthquake Ground Motion ◽

Published Data ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

High Rise ◽

Story Drift

High-rise buildings, as a result of rapid urbanization in China, become one of popular structure kind. However, there have been few seismic vulnerability studies on high-rise buildings, and few fragility curves have been developed for the buildings. Based on the published data of more than 50 high rises and super high rises, the structural information such as building heights, mode periods, locations and sites, the maximum design story drift ratios, are collected and analyzed. The vulnerability analysis for high rises uses response spectrum displacement as seismic ground motion input, since the structures have comparatively long natural period. Using statistics and regression analysis, the relationship between the maximum story drift ratio and response spectrum displacement is established. Based on height groups and earthquake design codes, the fragility curves of different performance levels can be developed. These curves can provide good loss estimation of high rise structural damage under earthquake ground motion.

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Earthquake in Assam and North Bengal and COVID19 in India

10.31219/osf.io/ykp5e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rusab Baig ◽

Isra Abdul ◽

Dattatreya Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Seismic Hazard ◽

Eurasian Plate ◽

Tectonic Plate ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Physical Injuries ◽

National Centre ◽

Richter Scale ◽

Hazard Zone ◽

North Bengal

Earthquake in Assam and north Bengal in IndiaOn April 28, 2021, a 6.4 Richter scale earthquake affected the Sonitpur district of Assam, the tremors of which were felt in north Bengal and other parts of North-East India, as reported by the National Centre for Seismology1. Six more tremors followed the first shake 2. There were reports of widespread damage to buildings and other structures from across Assam, mostly in the central and western towns of Tezpur, Nagaon, Guwahati, Mangaldoi, Dhekiajuli, and Morigaon3. Again on May 3rd, 2021, an earthquake was felt in the Sonitpur district of Assam with a 3.7 magnitude on the Richter scale4. Assam disaster management authority reported that 10 people from 4 districts suffered physical injuries since the first attack on April 28, 2021, and some more time will be needed to know about the actual amount of damage that had taken place5. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the area affected by the earthquake is seismically very active and falls in the highest seismic hazard zone where the Indian tectonic plate subducts with the Eurasian plate because of which there are high chances of future quakes as well6.

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IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE FOLK LIFE OF THE TRIBES OF NORTH EAST INDIA

EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review ◽

10.36713/epra2973 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 29-30

Author(s):

Mr. Bikash Das

Keyword(s):

Life Style ◽

Traditional Culture ◽

Northeast India ◽

Negative Effects ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Secondary Information ◽

The Impact ◽

Near Future

Northeast India is a diverse region of our country. It is a resident of different tribes. Some of these are- Bodo, Kuki, Mizo, Singpfo, Khasi, Mishing, Deori, Adi, Apatani, Naga, Garo, Nishi, Rengma, Angami, Rabha etc. Each tribe have their rich traditional culture. They are famous for their unique traditional life style. But globalization stands as an effecting factor on the folk life of the Northeastern tribes. This paper is an attempt to analyze the impact of globalization on the folk life of the various tribes of Northeast India. In the context of the tribes of Northeast India, it is predicted that globalization may be harmfull for their unique identities. The study is based on primary and secondary information collected for various tribes of Northeast India. The study founded that globalization has some negative effects on the folk life of the Northeastern tribes. However, it is hoped that in near future, globalization may be helpfull for the tribes of Northeast India. KEYWORDS: Ethnic, Folk Life, Globalization, Northeast, Tribal.

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SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES IN PAKISTAN

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management ◽

10.3846/jcem.2022.15854 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 93-105

Author(s):

Muhammad Khalid Hafiz ◽

Qaiser-uz-Zaman Khan ◽

Sohaib Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Seismic Hazard ◽

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽

Highway Bridges ◽

Concrete Bridges ◽

Seismic Retrofitting ◽

Seismic Zone ◽

Code Of Practice ◽

Recent Earthquakes ◽

Existing Bridges

Different researchers have performed seismic hazard assessment studies for Pakistan using faults sources which differ from Building Code of Pakistan (BCP 2007) with diverse standard deviations. The results of seismic hazard studies indicate that BCP requires gross revision considering micro and macro level investigations. The recent earthquakes in Pakistan also damaged bridge structures and some studies have been conducted by different researchers to investigate capacity of existing bridges. The most of bridge stock in Pakistan has been designed assuming seismic loads as 2%, 4% and 6% of dead loads following West Pakistan Code of Practice for Highway Bridges. The capacity of eight selected real bridges, two from each seismic zone 2A, 2B, 3 & 4 is checked against BCP demands. Static and dynamic analyses were performed and the piers were checked for elastic limits. It is established that piers are on lower side in capacity and the bridges in zone 2A are generally less vulnerable. Whereas the bridges in zone 2B, 3 and 4 are vulnerable from medium to very high level. Hence, an in-depth analytical vulnerability study of bridge stock particularly in high-risk zone needs to be conducted on priority and appropriate seismic retrofitting schemes need to be proposed.

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Theloderma moloch (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot of northeast India

Science Vision ◽

10.33493/scivis.17.03.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 148-159

Author(s):

Samuel Lalronunga ◽

C. Lalrinchhana

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

First Record ◽

Northeast India ◽

Biodiversity Hotspot ◽

Arunachal Pradesh ◽

Ne India ◽

Himalayan Foothills ◽

India And China ◽

Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Specimens of a rare rhacophorid frog of the genus Theloderma were collected from Hmuifang, Mizoram, India. Based on their morphology and molecular analysis (16S rRNA), the specimens were identified as Theloderma moloch, a rare species previously recorded only from the Himalayan foothills of India and China. The present record significantly extends the known range of the species and is a first record for the state of Mizoram and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. The uncorrected p-distance between the specimen from Mizoram, NE India and the specimen from Arunachal Pradesh, India (KU169993) and Tibet, China (KU243081) are 0.0% and 1.2% respectively.

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