scholarly journals NATIONAL-MORAL VALUES OF AZERBAIJAN IN THE CONTEXT OF SOVIET STATE POLICY (1920-1940)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-78
Author(s):  
Gulzar Ibrahimova
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Government

The article analyses the national-moral values of Azerbaijan for the first decade of Sovietization in the political context of the soviet state and explains the peculiarities that characterize the communist totalitarianism. It says that, all spheres of society, including economic life undergo total control, private property is annulled and any and all basis of the autonomy of the members of the society and the activity are removed. The government and people struggle against “enemy”, and the “enemy” against the surrounding. The effect of de-jure and de-facto contradictions (the contradictions that were applied to people who are enforced to build a socialist state) to the national and moral values are explained by historic facts as it is in the other fields. According to the information provided by the archival sources, the soviet regime that invaded the Northern Azerbaijan in a short period of time sacrificed 48 thousand people to the “red terror”, and the single-party dictatorship regime established in the country left the concepts of “nation” and “homeland” a step behind in the soviet empire through the single “traditional” system built for cultural development of the nation, having banned the national thinking of the Azerbaijani nation. The ideology, including the personal life of the citizens passed on to all spheres of public life and banned tough sanctions against certain acts. In fulfillment of the socialist purposes in the current policy, the soviet government, as an ideological gun, pursued an offensive policy, strengthened the promotion of international upbringing and godlessness and used all means to affect the children practically in this field. More than 2000 Turkish teachers were persecuted and exiled in 1923 and thousand of teachers with “pasha” and “bay” titles in their surnames were dismissed from their positions. The religious marriages concluded after September 08, 1923 have not been attached any legal force. The person of that period was treated as a social being with “traditional atheism” spirit, prohibitions were put against the muharrem rituals, the traditional customs of wedding, the  purposes and reasons of the Ramadan were distorted by referring to some countries, the month of fasting was prohibited and atheism was propagated among the youth. The “Atheists union” organization put different official prohibitions to the national traditions of the nation and created new traditions that were quite far away from the national spirit (Red wedding, civilians’ burial and so on) which led to disrespect to the national and spiritual values by time. Since 1929, 219 mosques, 2 madrasahs and 18 churches were utilized for other purposes (horse stables, barn and so on.) in 13 provinces. The women were forced to take off their veils and “antihat” propaganda was launched against the remnants of the old period. It was decided to take off hat that has been considered as a symbol of national self-esteem for thousands of years and “Novruz” Holiday was removed from the list of the public holidays as a result of obvious pressures against the religious and national holidays. The facts show that, the peculiarities of the administrative domination in the official national and religious policy, enlightenment system and industry in the 20-30s years have affected the public policy realized in Azerbaijan. These were the invisible sides of the policy pursued by the totalitarian regime.

scholarly journals Health policy and controlling Covid-19 in England: sociological insights

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Michael Calnan
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government

The global Covid-19 pandemic is posing considerable challenges for governments throughout the world and has and will have a significant influence on the shape of peoples social and economic life and wellbeing in the short and longer term. This opinion paper discusses the current health policy response adopted in England to control or manage the epidemic and identifies the key sociological and political influences which have shaped these policies. Drawing on the theoretical approach set out in his recent book, which emphasises the interplay of powerful structural and economic interest groups, the author will consider the influence of the key players. Government policy has tied itself to scientific and medical evidence and protecting the NHS so the key roles of the medical profession, public health scientific community and NHS management and their respective and relative powerful influences will be discussed. The government needs the support of the public if their policies are to be successful, so how have the government addressed maintaining public trust in this ‘crisis’ and how much trust do the public have in the government and what has influenced it? The strong emphasis on social distancing and social isolation in the national government policy response to Covid-19 has placed an increasing public reliance on the traditional and social media for sources of information so how the media has framed the policy will be considered. One policy aim is for an effective vaccine and the influence of the drug industry in its development is discussed. Finally, the role of the state will be discussed and what has shaped its social and economic policies.

Inclusion and Representation: The Settlement of Property Claims of the Dispossessed in the Aftermath of an Armed Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-425
Author(s):  
Tamar Megiddo ◽  
Eyal Benvenisti
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis Article examines the authority of states to settle individual private property claims in post–conflict negotiations towards settlement. We analyze this question by exploring the limits of states’ authority to take or limit private property rights for the public good. We argue that this authority rests on two cumulative justifications: the inclusion of the property owners among the public that stands to benefit from the public good, and their representation by the government that decides on the taking of the property. In post–conflict settlement, the negotiating states may redistribute both private property and the public good between and within their respective communities. Their authority to redistribute continues to rests on the same justifications of inclusion and representation. Hence, their authority extends only to the redistribution of property of owners who are members of the respective communities that negotiate the agreement, and who are represented by a negotiating government.

scholarly journals STRATEGI MEDAN INVESTMENT, TRADE & TOURISM EXPO DALAM MENJALANKAN DIPLOMASI PARIWISATA SUMATERA UTARA DENGAN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirwaty Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tourism Potential

Tourism has strategic economic value for the country, not onlyit generate income for the country but also improve the economic life of the surrounding population. With this, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia advised local governments to promote the tourism out of the country to introduce the tourism potential of the region and national as well as in the public diplomacy.According to that,Medan Investment, Trade & Tourism Expo (MITT) has established offices in different countries, one of which is in Malaysia. This study analyzed the role ofMITT in Malaysia as a commitment to promote tourism in Sumatera Utara. The authors examined the amount of travelers to Sumatera Utara from Malaysia.

scholarly journals NEW HOUSING POLICY – THE CREATION OF HOUSING COOPERATIVES IN UZBEKISTAN IN THE 1920-1930S.

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Turdibay Ruzibaevich Shadmanov
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Housing Cooperatives ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Owner ◽  
The Individual

From the very first days of its existence, the Soviet power pursued a housing policy that was radically different from the pre-revolutionary time. Its main feature was that the government proclaimed state ownership of house as the main means of its managerial influence on the gigantic masses of the population, driven by collectivization and industrialization. Replacing the public housing sector with the private sector was only a matter of time. The Soviet government needed to oust and destroy the private owner of the dwelling, since in the individual dwelling Soviet government saw the source of petty-bourgeois life — the basis of capitalism.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE OF TRANSPARENCY OF PUBLIC FINANCES OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
I. Shkolnyk ◽  
O. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Yu. Havrysh ◽  
A. Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government

Transparency in public finances is one of the main features of a mature democratic society, as well as one of the main tools for reducing corruption in the country. The level of transparency in the formation and use of budget funds at the state and local levels affects the effectiveness of financial policy in the country. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the current state of transparency in the formation of the state budget of Ukraine. The article conducted a comprehensive study of the level of transparency of public finances at the macro level. The dynamics of changes in the qualitative level of transparency of legislative and executive bodies during the period of Ukraine's participation in the international organization of monitoring the publicity of the government before the public is analyzed. In particular, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the budget openness index in comparison with other countries and the integrated assessment of budget transparency for the period from 2008 to 2019. In addition, the level of public participation in budget formation at different stages of the budget process was studied. There is a positive trend of improving the level of openness of public authorities in Ukraine in the formation and use of public finances. This, in turn, is part of a global trend. The article presents a description of the main documents that serve as indicators of informing the public about the state of the budget, the level of its implementation, the formation of the budget for future periods and the budget process in general. It is determined that the system of transparent and accessible public accountability for the formation and use of public finances has not been formed yet. The results of the study can be the basis for developing measures to increase the level of transparency of public authorities in Ukraine. According to the study, a high level of transparency becomes the basis for public support for the government, provided that the government does not abuse its powers, or conversely becomes an incentive for active public participation in political and economic life to improve or change government. According to the results of the research, a system of measures of priority importance is proposed.

Market Crime

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Corporations

The weakness and unreliability of the public administration forced the government to work closely with private interests, leaving responsibility for policing and taxation to private corporations. Without the guilds, which provided a kind of self-interested policing system, it would have been extremely difficult for the government to tax and regulate the economy. This chapter examines the consequences of this in terms of how market justice was experienced in practice on the streets of Venice. It presents a detailed study of law enforcement in practice, using one of the few surviving registers of criminal denunciations at the Giustizia Vecchia. To understand the real meaning of market justice for ordinary people, the discussion focuses on the mundane and the everyday, the sort of ordinary crime that constituted the background to economic life.

Public Enterprise and Economic Development: The Korean Case. By Leroy P. Jones. Seoul (Korea): Korea Development Institute. 1975. xiii+293 pp.

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-460
Author(s):  
Aftab Ahmad Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Government ◽  
Necessary Evil ◽  
Better Than

While framing policies for economic development the public authorities-are by and large consciously or unconsciously motivated by their ideological convictions. In a capitalist economy, for instance, the government does not normally resort to socialist techniques even if those techniques promote social welfare. But this general rule, like many others, is not without exception. The book under review gives a clear example of such an exception. Public enterprise, though considered a necessary evil (p. 129), is shown to have per¬formed remarkably well in South Korea. During the short period of ten years-(1968-1972), the performance of the public sector in South Korea has been not only far better than in many other countries but the sector has also emerged as-a leading sector of the economy (p. 202).

Emergency supplies requisition negotiation principle of government in disasters

Kybernetes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Kefan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
High Price ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Government

Purpose When disasters occur, the Chinese national or local government and their relevant departments (hereinafter referred to as the government) probably need to acquire emergency supplies from suppliers. Before concluding a transaction, the public officials usually negotiate the quality and price of the emergency supplies with the suppliers. They expect to achieve the best relief effect while the suppliers want to maximize their own interests. Therefore, in order to help the government acquire inexpensive emergency supplies with high quality in a short time, the purpose of this paper is to examine the negotiation process and proposes a negotiation principle for the staff. Design/methodology/approach This paper first elaborates the characteristics and impact factors of emergency supplies requisition negotiation. Then it establishes a model describing the negotiation on price and quality of emergency supplies between the public officials and suppliers. Afterwards, it proposes an algorithm which can estimate the success rate of the negotiation. Finally, the paper employs the conclusion of the model and algorithm to analyze the emergency supplies requisition negotiation process during the China Lushan earthquake. Findings This paper proposes a “WRAD” principle of emergency supplies requisition negotiation of public officials in disasters. First, they should ensure the requisition price is not too low. Second, they would widen the difference between the high price and low price. Third, it is best for them to follow the principle of “ascending negotiation and descending choice” while selecting multiple suppliers to negotiate. Originality/value This paper establishes a model to study the emergency supplies requisition negotiation process between the public officials and suppliers based on evolutionary game theory. The model assumes that both the public officials and suppliers are not fully rational individuals, and they need time to consult with each other to find out the optimal solution. This paper proposes an innovative action principle of the public officials during the negotiation process which can help it to acquire inexpensive, high-quality, emergency supplies within a short period from the suppliers.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN DISKRESI DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Ervien Rizky Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Executive Body

Government in carrying out its duties is equipped with the authority of both the attributive and the delegative. With the development of society, there are often certain urgent circumstances, in which Government Officials/Administration Bodies can not use their authority which is bound to take legal action. In realizing the goal as a state with the concept of welfare general (welfare state) then the government must play an active role in interfacing the field of social economic life of the community. The government delegated responsibility bestuurszorg or public service. With this discretionary authority it means that some of the powers held by the legislature are transferred into the administration of the state as the executive body. Because the state administration has solved the problem by not waiting for the amendment of the Law from the legislative field, so the government should not refuse to provide services to the public on the grounds that there is no or no clear rule of law as long as it is still the authority of the government. But the power of government as a discretionary policy maker is always faced with a problem connected with corruption. Pemerintah dalam menjalankan tugasnya dilengkapi dengan kewenangan-kewenangan baik yang bersifat atributif maupun yang bersifat delegatif. Dengan adanya perkembangan masyarakat maka seringkali terdapat keadaan-keadaan tertentu yang sifatnya mendesak, dimana Pejabat/Badan Administrasi pemerintahan tidak dapat menggunakan kewenangannya yang bersifat terikat dalam melakukan tindakan hukum. Dalam mewujudkan tujuan sebagai negara dengan konsep kesejahteraan umum maka pemerintah harus berperan aktif mencampuri bidang kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Maka pemerintah dilimpahkan tanggung jawab sebagai pelayan publik atau public service. Dengan adanya kewenangan diskresi ini berarti bahwa sebagian kekuasaan yang dipegang oleh badan pembentuk Undang-Undang dipindahkan ke dalam administrasi negara sebagai badan eksekutif. Karena administrasi negara melakukan penyelesaian masalah dengan tidak menunggu perubahan Undang-Undang dari bidang legislatif, sehingga pemerintah tidak boleh menolak memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat dengan alasan tidak ada atau tidak jelasnya aturan hukum sepanjang masih menjadi kewenangan dari pemerintah. Namun kekuasaan pemerintah sebagai pembuat kebijakan diskresi selalu berhadapan dengan adanya suatu permasalahan yang dihubungkan dengan tindak pidana korupsi.

scholarly journals NEW TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF RECREATIONAL SPECIALIZATION IN UKRAINE. PREREQUISITES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR ARCHITECTURAL-SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Yurii Ohonok
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Recreational Specialization ◽  
Production Labor ◽  
Recreational Resources

Territorial development of settlements is important not only because of its special role in the socio-economic life of the state. Its importance is also connected with the fulfillment of Ukraine’s commitments to harmonize the current legislation and quality of life standards with the requirements of the EU, cooperation with which remains one of the priorities of our country’s European integration. The need for a modern comprehensive reassessment of the role of settlements in general in supporting the economic development of the region is due to the significant natural, resource-production, labor and other available potentials of the settlement environment. Ternopil region has a huge recreational potential, it is: natural resources, monuments of history and architecture, pilgrimage centers. All this attracts tourists, not only from Ukraine but also from abroad. The use of rich recreational resources will allow to build resorts, rest homes, tourist bases in Ternopil region, which in a short period of time can raise the economy of the region, welfare, recreation culture and improve the process and quality of population health recovery. Increasing the capacity of tourist and recreational infrastructure by attracting domestic and foreign investment is one of the priority areas of socio-economic and cultural development of Ternopil region in recent years. Increasing the share of inbound and domestic tourism, sightseeing should be an effective tool for economic growth of the region and increase its prestige in domestic and international tourism markets. KEY WORDS: territorial formations, united territorial communities (UTCs), recreational specialization, recreation, architectural and spatial organization.

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