scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Ecology for Detecting Plant Pests and Animal Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Dem Vi Sara ◽  
MDD Maharani ◽  
Hafiza Farwa Amin ◽  
Yaya Sudarya Triana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Production Losses

Climate change could lead to an increase in diseases in plants and animals. Plant pathogens have caused devastating production losses, such as in tropical countries. The development of algorithms that match the accuracy of plant and animal disease detection in predicting the toxicity of substances has continued through a massive database. Data and information from 10,000 substances from more than 800,000 animal tests have been carried out to generate the algorithms. Plant and animal disease detection using artificial intelligent in the modern ecological era is important and needed. Diseases in animals are still found in several Ruminant-Slaughterhouses. The purpose of the study is to identify the leverage attributes for using of Artificial Intelligent (AI) in detecting plant pests and animal diseases. The use of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) produces a leverage attribute for the use of AI in detecting plant pests and animal diseases. The results showed that leverage attributes found were: Prediction of the presence of proteins structures produced by pathogens with a Root Mean Square (RMS) value of 4.5123; and Plant and Animal Disease Data will be opened with an RMS value of 4.2555. The findings of this study in the real world are to produce the development of smart agricultural applications in detecting plant pests and animal diseases as an early warning system. In addition, the application is also useful for eco-tourism managers who have a natural close relationship with plants and animals, so that ecological security in the modern ecological era, can be better maintained.

Application of Machine Learning in Animal Disease Analysis and Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwen Zhang ◽  
Qiang Su ◽  
Qin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Disease Analysis

Abstract: Major animal diseases pose a great threat to animal husbandry and human beings. With the deepening of globalization and the abundance of data resources, the prediction and analysis of animal diseases by using big data are becoming more and more important. The focus of machine learning is to make computers learn how to learn from data and use the learned experience to analyze and predict. Firstly, this paper introduces the animal epidemic situation and machine learning. Then it briefly introduces the application of machine learning in animal disease analysis and prediction. Machine learning is mainly divided into supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Supervised learning includes support vector machines, naive bayes, decision trees, random forests, logistic regression, artificial neural networks, deep learning, and AdaBoost. Unsupervised learning has maximum expectation algorithm, principal component analysis hierarchical clustering algorithm and maxent. Through the discussion of this paper, people have a clearer concept of machine learning and understand its application prospect in animal diseases.

Animal Diseases Diagnosis Expert System Based on HSMC-SVM

2012 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 1036-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Hua Lian ◽  
Wen Xing Bao ◽  
Yun Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Generalization Ability ◽  
Animal Diseases

There are kinds of animal diseases and a smaller number of experts in the corresponding field of disease diagnosis expert. So animal husbandry units are unable to make a rapid and accurate diagnosis for animal diseases generally. To solve this problem, the paper is proposed a model of animal disease diagnosis expert system based on HSMC-SVM. In theory, it confirms that HSMC-SVM is feasible in applying of animal diseases diagnosis expert system. Numerical experiments verify HSMC-SVM has higher accuracy and better generalization ability in the diagnosis of animal diseases.

scholarly journals Enhanced Detection of Major Pathogens and Toxins in Poultry and Livestock With Zoonotic Risks Using Nanomaterials-Based Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya K. Manhas ◽  
Irwin A. Quintela ◽  
Vivian C. H. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Major Pathogens

Nanotechnology has gained prominence over the recent years in multiple research and application fields, including infectious diseases in healthcare, agriculture, and veterinary science. It remains an attractive and viable option for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases in animals and humans. The apparent efficiency of nanomaterials is due to their unique physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. With the persistence of pathogens and toxins in the poultry and livestock industries, rapid diagnostic tools are of utmost importance. Though there are many promising nanomaterials-based diagnostic tests specific to animal disease-causing agents, many have not achieved balanced sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness. This mini-review explores several types of nanomaterials, which provided enhancement on the sensitivity and specificity of recently reported diagnostic tools related to animal diseases. Recommendations are also provided to facilitate more targeted animal populations into the development of future diagnostic tools specifically for emerging and re-emerging animal diseases posing zoonotic risks.

scholarly journals Untapped Potentials of Endophytic Fungi: A Review of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Biological Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934
Author(s):  
Madira Coutlyne Manganyi ◽  
Collins Njie Ateba
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Antiviral Activities

Over the last century, endophytic fungi have gained tremendous attention due to their ability to produce novel bioactive compounds exhibiting varied biological properties and are, therefore, utilized for medicinal, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Endophytic fungi reside within the plant tissues without showing any disease symptoms, thus supporting the physiological and ecological attributes of the host plant. Ground breaking lead compounds, such as paclitaxel and penicillin, produced by endophytic fungi have paved the way for exploring novel bioactive compounds for commercial usage. Despite this, limited research has been conducted in this valuable and unique niche area. These bioactive compounds belong to various structural groups, including alkaloids, peptides, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, quinones, phenols, and flavonoids. The current review focuses on the significance of endophytic fungi in producing novel bioactive compounds possessing a variety of biological properties that include antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, immunosuppressant, and anticancer functions. Taking into consideration the portal of this publication, special emphasis is placed on the antimicrobial and antiviral activities of metabolites produced by endophytes against human pathogens. It also highlights the importance of utilization of these compounds as potential treatment agents for serious life-threatening infectious diseases. This is supported by the fact that several findings have indicated that these bioactive compounds may significantly contribute towards the fight against resistant human and plant pathogens, thus motivating the need enhance the search for new, more efficacious and cost-effective antimicrobial drugs.

scholarly journals Chamomile Floricolous Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora radii

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1900-1907
Author(s):  
Bojan Duduk ◽  
Nataša Duduk ◽  
Ivana Vico ◽  
Jelena Stepanović ◽  
Tatjana Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Downy Mildews ◽  
New Findings ◽  
High Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chamomile Flowers ◽  
Production Losses

Floricolous downy mildews (Peronospora, oomycetes) are a small, monophyletic group of mostly inconspicuous plant pathogens that induce symptoms exclusively on flowers. Characterization of this group of pathogens, and information about their biology, is particularly sparse. The recurrent presence of a disease causing flower malformation which, in turn, leads to high production losses of the medicinal herb Matricaria chamomilla in Serbia has enabled continuous experiments focusing on the pathogen and its biology. Peronospora radii was identified as the causal agent of the disease, and morphologically and molecularly characterized. Diseased chamomile flowers showed severe malformations of the disc and ray florets, including phyllody and secondary inflorescence formation, followed by the onset of downy mildew. Phylogeny, based on internal transcribed spacer and cox2, indicates clustering of the Serbian P. radii with other P. radii from chamomile although, in cox2 analyses, they formed a separate subcluster. Evidence pointing to systemic infection was provided through histological and molecular analyses, with related experiments validating the impact of soilborne and blossom infections. This study provides new findings in the biology of P. radii on chamomile, thus enabling the reconstruction of this floricolous Peronospora species’ life cycle.

scholarly journals Production Losses From an Endemic Animal Disease: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Selected Midwest US Sow Farms

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Valdes-Donoso ◽  
Julio Alvarez ◽  
Lovell S. Jarvis ◽  
Robert B. Morrison ◽  
Andres M. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Animal Disease ◽  
Production Losses

In-situ and imaging spectroscopy for grape disease detection: towards a global surveillance and warning system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Gold
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Plant Parts

<p>Disease is one of the greatest threats to the environmental, financial, and societal sustainability of wine grape production worldwide, and is expected to become of greater and more dire importance as the negative effects of climate change continue to intensify. Advanced field, aerial, and satellite based methods of disease detection that can identify infection at extremely low intensity or before the onset of visual symptoms would greatly improve management by reducing disease potential and spread. In-vivo foliar and imaging spectroscopic methods have been shown to be effective for rapid, early, real-time disease detection in grape and specialty crops, and for characterizing the underlying physiological differences that enable disease discrimination. Infection on a relatively small part of a plant will trigger the cascade release of defense compounds, regardless of whether or not the individual plant succumbs to disease. This leads to the phenomenon of unaffected plant parts of diseased plants displaying different physiology and biochemistry than seemingly identically unaffected plant parts of non-diseased plants. Early detection and quantification of these differences could lead to earlier management intervention and an increased understanding of the spatial and temporal variability associated with disease and its subsequent impacts on crop health and downstream product quality. In this talk, the opportunities and challenges facing in the use of this approach for grape disease detection, differentiation, and management will be discussed, as well as the use of satellite-based imaging spectroscopy for grape and broader specialty crop disease detection.</p>

scholarly journals Nanotechnology for Plant Disease Management

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Worrall ◽  
Aflaq Hamid ◽  
Karishma Mody ◽  
Neena Mitter ◽  
Hanu Pappu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Agricultural Application ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Commercial Applications

Each year, 20%–40% of crops are lost due to plant pests and pathogens. Existing plant disease management relies predominantly on toxic pesticides that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Nanotechnology can offer advantages to pesticides, like reducing toxicity, improving the shelf-life, and increasing the solubility of poorly water-soluble pesticides, all of which could have positive environmental impacts. This review explores the two directions in which nanoparticles can be utilized for plant disease management: either as nanoparticles alone, acting as protectants; or as nanocarriers for insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and RNA-interference molecules. Despite the several potential advantages associated with the use of nanoparticles, not many nanoparticle-based products have been commercialized for agricultural application. The scarcity of commercial applications could be explained by several factors, such as an insufficient number of field trials and underutilization of pest–crop host systems. In other industries, nanotechnology has progressed rapidly, and the only way to keep up with this advancement for agricultural applications is by understanding the fundamental questions of the research and addressing the scientific gaps to provide a rational and facilitate the development of commercial nanoproducts.

scholarly journals Reflections on the 2007 equine influenza outbreak

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Peter D Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Marker Vaccine ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Virus Dissemination ◽  
And Control

In late August 2007, Australia experienced its largest animal disease emergency with an outbreak of equine influenza (EI). This followed the importation of one or more infected horses and the entry of the virus into the Australian horse population. There are a number of aspects of this event that are not only applicable to the diagnosis and control of other high-consequence animal diseases but there are also many elements of interest and relevance to public health. In particular, there were interesting insights into the speed and manner of virus dissemination in a naive population. The benefits and capacity of real-time PCR and associated technology to support an emergency disease investigation and response were demonstrated, while the value of using a combination of a ?marker? vaccine and serological test that would differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals was clearly proven. Ultimately, the virus was eradicated following an outbreak on a scale and in a time frame not previously achieved in any other country.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document