scholarly journals The Type of Leprosy Based on the Characteristics of Lepers in West Papua Province and North Maluku Province; Comparative Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Melda Suebu ◽  
Clara Imaniar ◽  
Tri Wahyuni ◽  
Ratna Tanjung ◽  
Maria Hukubun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Gender ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range

The prevalence of leprosy cases has increased every years, the government program has been on going until now, but leprosy cases are still a national problem. The purpose of this study is to describe the type of leprosy based on the characteristics of lepers. The study used a community-based cross-sectional design. The results obtained that West Papua Province and North Maluku Province have leprosy burden with the same classification type, namely Multybaciller (MB) type. Male gender has more MB type of leprosy. West Papua and North Maluku. Based on the age of MB leprosy type in West Papua, the highest age range is 15-26 years and  Paucybaciller (PB) at age > 14 years, North Maluku is most at age 27-44 years and PB at age>14 years. Conclution. The type of leprosy in general is the type of multibasilarry (MB), this means that leprosy is still a major threat to a comunnities, leprosy cases are also found in male gender with MB type and many cases of leprosy occurs in patients with young adult and adult age.  

An Exploratory Study of Trade Union Pluralism in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Parku ◽  
Yvonne Ayerki Lamptey
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The practice of trade union pluralism at an enterprise level is seen as problematic for both the management of enterprises and the trade union movement. The problems arise from inter-union rivalries, competition and disputes over demarcations of privileges and rights. This article explores the practice of trade union pluralism at the enterprise level in Ghana with the aim of creating awareness of the effect of the practice on the general trade union movement. This qualitative study employed a cross-sectional design and used purposive and snowball sampling methods in selecting the participants. The data was analysed thematically. The findings from the study show that union pluralism is stimulating the decline in general union membership, the breakaway of local unions from the federations, and employers’ classification of workers based on their qualifications once they are employed by organisations, and their assignment to specific unions (automatic membership at enterprise level). It is suggested that employment laws encourage union breakaways, which weakens the unions especially at the enterprise level. It is recommended that the state, labour officials and policy-makers should enforce labour laws, especially regarding freedom of association, and consider revisiting or amending some labour laws to curb their abuse. The government and labour institutions need to work together to operationalise the implementation of legal provisions on freedom of association or consider amending the provisions to curb the existing abuse.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN SMOKE-FREE AREAS AND SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Mohamad Anis Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Impact

Background: Low public awareness of the impact of smoking makes the implementation of smoke-free areas (KTR) difficult. Smoke-free areas aim to protect the public from the direct and indirect effects of smoking. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the application of smoke-free areas and the prevalence of active and ex-smokers in Indonesia. Method: This study implemented a cross-sectional design, using secondary data from the Riskesdas 2018 on active and ex-smokers. KTR application data were obtained from the Profile of Non-Communicable Diseases in 2016. A Pearson product-moment test was conducted by a computer application to determine the correlation coefficient (r). This coefficient was used to describe the level of correlation between the two variables; significance was determined as a p value of 5%. Results: This study showed that the average application of KTR throughout Indonesia was 50.83%, active smokers comprised 23.49% of the population, and ex-smokers comprised 4.94%. Most active smokers were in Java and Sumatra, while the majority of ex-smokers were in Java and Sulawesi and the majority of KTR was in Java. This study shows that there is a positive correlation between KTR application and the percentage of ex-smokers (r = 0.46; p value = 0.01). Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the application of KTR and an increase in ex-smokers. The government needs to increase the application of KTR policies.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Maternal Health Conditions on the Utilization of Maternity Waiting Homes for Maternity Motherhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-230
Author(s):  
Zufrizal ◽  
Ida Yustina ◽  
Asfriyati
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Maternity Waiting Homes ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North Sumatra

Maternity Waiting Homes is a regional government program that aims to reduce maternal mortality. But in reality, there are still many people who do not utilize this facility. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of maternal health conditions on the utilization of maternity waiting homes for maternity motherhood. This research is an explanatory survey research with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The results showed that there was a relationship between maternal health conditions and the utilization of the maternity waiting house for maternity motherhood in Langkat Regency (p = 0.027).

scholarly journals TINGKAT STRES MAHASISWA S1 KEPERAWATAN TINGKAT SATU DALAM MENGHADAPI WABAH COVID 19 DAN PERKULIAHAN DARING DI STIKES KARYA HUSADA KEDIRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Melani Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Lectures ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Keywords Stress

The Covid-19 outbreak is a new type of disease and is highly contagious. This new virus was previously unknown before infecting many residents of Wuhan, China. This virus is now spreading to most of the world. To prevent its spread, the government urges people to stay at home and learn online. The aimed of this study was to determine the level of stress of first-degree students in the Nursing Study Program at Stikes Karya Husada in dealing with the Covid-10 outbreak and online lectures due to the outbreak. This type of research is a descriptive study with cross sectional design. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique to get a total sample of 70 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire in the form of google and found that most students experienced moderate stress (38.57%), some experienced severe stress (28.57%), and mild stress (32.86%). The stressors that cause the most stress are difficulty understanding online material and worry about contracting Covid-19. Pandemic conditions that are full of uncertainty need to be addressed wisely by various parties. It takes effort to reduce stress by doing a variety of fun activities in the home that can be done by students. Keywords: stress level, students, covid-19, online lectures

scholarly journals Comparison of Serum HIF-1α Levels in Swimming Athletes Before and After Hypoxic Non-Hypoxic Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Syahrastani Syahrastani ◽  
Argantos Argantos ◽  
Siska Alicia Farma
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Adaptation To Hypoxia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

The situation of lack of oxygen supply to cells and tissues is often not realized by many people (hypoxia). Hypoxia can occur in various situations in life. The main effect of hypoxia is the effect on the brain, so the body will do everything it can to restore the state of homeostasis. HIF-1α protein is a marker of hypoxic conditions. HIF-1α regulates the synthesis of many genes to maintain and restore body homeostasis from hypoxia to normoxia. This study was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The sample of this study were six swimming athletes with a 12-19 year age range who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The HIF-1α protein is measured by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed statistically. The results showed higher levels of HIF-1α after anaerobic exercise than the levels of HIF-1α before and after aerobic exercise. This is greatly influenced by the intensity of the exercise carried out. This proves that cellular adaptation to hypoxia is more stable in aerobic exercise, where the body's metabolism during aerobic exercise is more stable  

scholarly journals Associations between the number of children, age at childbirths and prevalence of chronic low back pain: the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Heuch ◽  
Ivar Heuch ◽  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Kjersti Storheim ◽  
John-Anker Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Generalised Linear Modelling

Abstract Background Associations between childbirths and subsequent risk of low back pain (LBP) have not been clarified. Changes in sex hormone levels or lumbar posture during pregnancy may have an impact on LBP later in life. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between the number of childbirths, age at childbirths and prevalence of chronic LBP in a general population of women. Methods Data were obtained from the Norwegian community-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, HUNT2 (1995–1997). Women aged 20–69 years indicated whether they suffered from chronic LBP, defined as LBP persisting at least 3 months continuously during last year. Information about LBP was collected from 3936 women who had experienced no childbirths, 3143 women who had delivered one child only and 20,584 women who had delivered 2 or more children. Of these, 7339 women reported chronic LBP. The 595 women who were pregnant when information was collected were considered separately, regardless of previous births, with 80 women reporting chronic LBP. Associations with prevalence of chronic LBP were examined by generalised linear modelling with adjustment for potential confounders in a cross-sectional design. Results Women who had delivered one child only showed a higher prevalence of chronic LBP than women with no childbirths (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01–1.22). Among women with one or more childbirths, no overall change in prevalence could be demonstrated with an increasing number of children in analyses adjusted for age at first delivery. In women with at least two childbirths, an age less than 20 years at first childbirth was associated with an increased prevalence of chronic LBP (PR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.25–1.49; compared with age 25–29 years). No association was observed between age at last delivery and chronic LBP. The lowest prevalence of chronic LBP was found among women who were currently pregnant (PR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.63–1.00; compared with women with no childbirths). Conclusions Having experienced at least one childbirth seems to be associated with a higher prevalence of chronic LBP later in life. A young age at first childbirth is also associated with a long-lasting increased prevalence.

Bidirectional Interference Between Speech and Nonspeech Tasks in Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1637-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallin J. Bailey ◽  
Christopher Dromey
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Semantic Decision ◽  
Motor Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine divided attention over a large age range by looking at the effects of 3 nonspeech tasks on concurrent speech motor performance. The nonspeech tasks were designed to facilitate measurement of bidirectional interference, allowing examination of their sensitivity to speech activity. A cross-sectional design was selected to explore possible changes in divided-attention effects associated with age. Method Sixty healthy participants were separated into 3 groups of 20: younger (20s), middle-aged (40s), and older (60s) adults. Each participant completed a speech task (sentence repetitions) once in isolation and once concurrently with each of 3 nonspeech tasks: a semantic-decision linguistic task, a quantitative-comparison cognitive task, and a manual motor task. The nonspeech tasks were also performed in isolation. Results Data from speech kinematics and nonspeech task performance indicated significant task-specific divided attention interference, with divided attention affecting speech and nonspeech measures in the linguistic and cognitive conditions and affecting speech measures in the manual motor condition. There was also a significant age effect for utterance duration. Conclusions The results increase what is known about bidirectional interference between speech and other concurrent tasks as well as age effects on speech motor control.

The Performance of Emergency Department Nurses Across Sectors in Jordan: An Application of the Work Functioning Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-356
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Al Kalaldeh ◽  
Samah Khamis
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Work Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Individual Capacity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Work functioning is a relatively new conceptual model developed to embrace various aspects surrounding work performance, work participation, and individual capacity. The assessment of work performance (AWP) in nursing has gained inconsistent evidence due to examining it from multidimensional aspects. This study aimed to perform the AWP in nurses working in the emergency departments (EDs) at different healthcare sectors in Jordan. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used in which ED nurses completed a questionnaire. ED nurses were recruited conveniently from four referral hospitals located in Amman (two government and two private hospitals). The Nursing Work Functioning Questionnaire (NWFQ), in addition to the demographic questionnaire were completed. A total of 179 ED nurses participated in the study (100 government and 79 private nurses). A few differences were found between government and private sector nurses in respect to work functioning domains. Overall, nurses from both sectors reported minimal impairments in their performance represented in seven domains. However, ED nurses from the private sector claimed more frequent work incidences compared to ED nurses from the government sector (p = .043). In addition, associate nurses showed higher avoidance behavior than registered nurses in both sectors (p = .031). Contrary to former studies, this study found minimal discrepancies in work performance between government and private sectors, and employing the work functioning model is useful to gain a thorough understanding of the AWP.

scholarly journals Preferred rehabilitation setting among stroke survivors in Nigeria and associated personal factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Vincent-Onabajo ◽  
Zulaiha Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Community Based Rehabilitation ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Incorporating patients’ preferences in the care they receive is an important component of evidence-based practice and patient-centred care.Objective: This study assessed stroke patients’ preferences regarding rehabilitation settings.Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to examine preferences of stroke patients receiving physiotherapy at three hospitals in Northern Nigeria. Personal factors and preferred rehabilitation setting data were obtained using the Modified Rankin Scale (to assess global disability) and a researcher-developed questionnaire. Associations between preferences and personal factors were explored using bivariate statistics.Results: Sixty stroke patients whose mean age was 53.6 ± 14.8 years participated in the study. Most of the participants (38.3%) preferred an outpatient setting, 19 (31.7%) preferred rehabilitation in their homes, 14 chose inpatient rehabilitation (23.3%), while 4 (6.7%) preferred the community. Age and source of finance were significantly associated with preferences. The majority (66.7%) of those aged ≥ 65 years expressed a preference for rehabilitation in the home or community (X2 = 6.80; p = 0.03). Similarly, most of the participants (53.3%) who depended on family finances preferred home- or community-based rehabilitation, while most of those who depended on employment income for finances preferred an outpatient rehabilitation setting (X2 = 16.80; p = 0.01).Conclusion: A preference for rehabilitation in outpatient facilities predominated followed by home-based rehabilitation, and preferences varied based on age and source of finance. These variations in preferences have implications for making rehabilitation decisions.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding generic medicines and its usage: a community-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirthinath Ballala ◽  
Chythra R. Rao ◽  
Aparna S. Chaudhary ◽  
Ashwini S. Bidnurmath ◽  
Akhilesh K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Generic Medicines ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
The Government

Background: India is the largest provider of generic medications globally. Despite this, several essential medicines remain inaccessible to majority of the general population, due to poor awareness, unavailability of drugs, distrust about the quality of the medicines, poor policy implementation and inadequate recommendation by doctors.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 1151 adults in rural and urban areas attached to the community outreach area of a University Medical College. Written informed consent was taken from the participants. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured online questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 15.0.Results: Knowledge regarding generic medicines was found to be low among the surveyed population (666, 57.9%), irrespective of their socio-economic status, education, occupation, place of residence or presence of chronic illnesses. As the knowledge was poor, participants were briefed about the generic medicines and their benefits. Thereafter, the attitude was assessed and found to be favourable among more than half (633, 55.0%) of the surveyed population. The usage of Generic medicines was found to be poor among the respondents. Only 53 (4.6%) of the total study population had switched from branded to generic medicines in the past six months as generic medicines were less expensive compared to their branded counterparts.Conclusions: The awareness about generic drugs and its usage was poor in the surveyed population. A favourable attitude towards generic drugs was achieved by educating the people about their similarity to branded medications. Therefore, there is a need to educate people not only about the quality, safety and efficacy of the generic medicines but also about the government initiatives like the Jan Aushadhi scheme. 

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