scholarly journals ANATOMICAL APPROACH TO MODE OF ACTION OF NASYA W.S.R SNEHANA NASYA - A REVIEW STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-624
Author(s):  
Shanakarling Maidaragi ◽  
Supriya Guddad
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Direct Nerve

In Ayurveda there are two folds of treatment one is Shodhana and the other is Shamana. Shodhana in-cludes panchakarma which is used to purify the body by removing the vitiated doshas of body. All five Panchakarma procedures act specifically on specific doshas. Sneha nasya i.e. administration of medicated oil through nasal cavities is one of the Panchakarma procedure which specifically used to treat Urdhva Jatrugata Vyadhis. According to Ayurveda, nose is the gateway of Shiras –brain , it can provide direct connection between brain and nasal mucosa and can transfer the administrated medicines from nose direct-ly to cranial cavity. This is why Nasya karma is used to treat diseases of head region which are generated by vitiated Kapha and Vata dosha. Medicated Sneha has lipid soluble substances which gets easily ab-sorbed by mucous membrane of nasal cavity and get easily transmitted to cranial cavity. The anatomical connectivity of nose with cranial cavity has been proved by modern science also. The direct nerve supply from CNS and the rich vascular supply to nasal cavity help to understand probable mode of action of Nasya Karma.

scholarly journals Burkholderia pseudomallei Penetrates the Brain via Destruction of the Olfactory and Trigeminal Nerves: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Neurological Melioidosis

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. St. John ◽  
Jenny A. K. Ekberg ◽  
Samantha J. Dando ◽  
Adrian C. B. Meedeniya ◽  
Rachel E. Horton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trigeminal Nerves ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease that is endemic to tropical northern Australia and Southeast Asia, with a mortality rate of 14 to 50%. The bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent which infects numerous parts of the human body, including the brain, which results in the neurological manifestation of melioidosis. The olfactory nerve constitutes a direct conduit from the nasal cavity into the brain, and we have previously reported that B. pseudomallei can colonize this nerve in mice. We have now investigated in detail the mechanism by which the bacteria penetrate the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within the nasal cavity and infect the brain. We found that the olfactory epithelium responded to intranasal B. pseudomallei infection by widespread crenellation followed by disintegration of the neuronal layer to expose the underlying basal layer, which the bacteria then colonized. With the loss of the neuronal cell bodies, olfactory axons also degenerated, and the bacteria then migrated through the now-open conduit of the olfactory nerves. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that B. pseudomallei migrated through the cribriform plate via the olfactory nerves to enter the outer layer of the olfactory bulb in the brain within 24 h. We also found that the bacteria colonized the thin respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity and then rapidly migrated along the underlying trigeminal nerve to penetrate the cranial cavity. These results demonstrate that B. pseudomallei invasion of the nerves of the nasal cavity leads to direct infection of the brain and bypasses the blood-brain barrier. IMPORTANCE Melioidosis is a potentially fatal tropical disease that is endemic to northern Australia and Southeast Asia. It is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which can infect many organs of the body, including the brain, and results in neurological symptoms. The pathway by which the bacteria can penetrate the brain is unknown, and we have investigated the ability of the bacteria to migrate along nerves that innervate the nasal cavity and enter the frontal region of the brain by using a mouse model of infection. By generating a mutant strain of B. pseudomallei which is unable to survive in the blood, we show that the bacteria rapidly penetrate the cranial cavity using the olfactory (smell) nerve and the trigeminal (sensory) nerve that line the nasal cavity.

Foundations and Introduction of Islamic Economics: Role and Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Dr. Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Moral Training ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The Status ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
The Individual

Islamic economics based on specific concept of universe and the creation of man is contradictory to the concept adopted and accepted by modern science. Islamic economics postulates although ability and expertise is required for progress and growth but distribution of resources completely dependent on it would be cruel, inhuman and bereft of kindness, and lead to oppression. Islamic economics does not favor making human ability and expertise the fulcrum of resource distribution. It should be kind, considerate and based on justice and fairness. This is because according to Islamic philosophy, ownership is considered to be a trust from Allah which has been bestowed on the rich so that they may utilize it correctly. In Islamic economics the role of the individual, has inclinations and his aims and objectives occupy a central position and are vitally important. He is definitely a rational being but his level of rationality is not confined to the calculations of cost and profit. An individual does not want merely to obtain monetary profit and physical pleasure and leisure but he also wants and aims for something beyond what the material world has to offer. The main aim of the study is to find out the relationship between Islam and economics. In Islamic economics the comprehensive moral training of the individual, his technical and educational ability, his aims and his priorities are of primary importance. According to Islamic economics the means of acquiring wealth has the same importance as wealth itself. Dishonesty, abuse of trust and earning of wealth through fraudulent ways and means may perhaps increase the status of an individual but the society suffers because of it on the whole. This leads to an unjust and oppressive economic system.

The antitoxic and protective effects of Curcuma longa and it`s active agent, Curcumin: оverview

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
A. Khisamova ◽  
O. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Anti Cancer

In the modern world, where a person is exposed to daily stress, increased physical exertion, the toxic effect of various substances, including drugs. The task of modern science is to find antioxidants for the body. These can be additives obtained both synthetically and the active substances that we get daily from food. Such a striking example is turmeric, obtained from the plant Curcuma longa. Recently, it has been known that curcumin has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effect and, thanks to these effects, plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, in particular, from cancer to autoimmune, neurological, cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. In addition, much attention is paid to increasing the biological activity and physiological effects of curcumin on the body through the synthesis of curcumin analogues. This review discusses the chemical and physical characteristics, analogues, metabolites, the mechanisms of its physiological activity and the effect of curcumin on the body.

A Critical Review on Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) - An Ayurvedic View

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip R. Baheti ◽  
Deepa Sharma ◽  
Saroj Devi ◽  
Amit Rai
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Asthma Symptoms

Difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath may be simply termed as Shwasa (Asthma), As per Ayurveda, Shwasa is mainly caused by the Vata and Kapha Doshas. Shwasa is broadly classified into five types in Maha Shwasa (Dyspnoea major), Urdhawa Shwasa (Expiratory Dyspnoea), Chinna Shwasa (Chyne-stroke respiration), Kshudra Shwasa (Dyspnoea minor), Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma). In modern science Tamaka Shwasa can be correlated with Asthma, Asthma which is a chronic inflammatory disease of airway. In modern medicine there is no cure for Asthma, symptoms can typically be improved. In Ayurveda, Asthma can be effectively and safely manage the condition without inducing any drug dependency where Pachakarma procedures and use of internal medication detoxifies the body, provides nutrition and increases the elasticity of lung tissue it also develops natural immunity of the body thus decreasing episodic recurrence of the disease.

The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Trans Studies ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
The Rich

This exciting new Handbook offers a comprehensive overview of the contemporary state of the field. The editors’ introduction and forty-five essays cover feminist critical engagements with philosophy and adjacent scholarly fields, as well as feminist approaches to current debates and crises across the world. Authors cover topics ranging from the ways in which feminist philosophy attends to other systems of oppression, and the gendered, racialized, and classed assumptions embedded in philosophical concepts, to feminist perspectives on prominent subfields of philosophy. The first section contains chapters that explore feminist philosophical engagement with mainstream and marginalized histories and traditions, while the second section parses feminist philosophy’s contributions to with numerous philosophical subfields, for example metaphysics and bioethics. A third section explores what feminist philosophy can illuminate about crucial moral and political issues of identity, gender, the body, autonomy, prisons, among numerous others. The Handbook concludes with the field’s engagement with other theories and movements, including trans studies, queer theory, critical race, theory, postcolonial theory, and decolonial theory. The volume provides a rigorous but accessible resource for students and scholars who are interested in feminist philosophy, and how feminist philosophers situate their work in relation to the philosophical mainstream and other disciplines. Above all it aims to showcase the rich diversity of subject matter, approach, and method among feminist philosophers.

Indian medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential: An overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 2328-2335
Author(s):  
Monika Sahu ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Veenu Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Chronic Disorders ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Indian Medicinal Plants

Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder which has made it a major health threat worldwide. The available synthetic drugs for the cure of Diabetes mellitus are associated with high cost, various side effects and several limitations. Medicinal plants are the rich depots of the phytochemicals which can be useful for the treatment of chronic disorders. These plants are the better alternative to chemical drugs causing less or no harm to the body. Several plants are traditionally known for their antidiabetic properties but the detail investigation of their active molecules is required in order to be developed as therapeutic drug. Therefore, the present review aims to provide comprehensive information on various Indian medicinal plants, their constituents and mechanism of action for the cure of diabetes mellitus.

The Mind and its Tenement; Their Mutual Relations

1856 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 479-494
Author(s):  
C. Lockhart Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Law ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Mind

“The knowledge concerning the sympathies and concordances between the mind and the body” saith the founder† of modern science, in discoursing of human philosophy, or the knowledge of ourselves, as he terms it, is “fit to be emancipate and made a knowledge by itself. The consideration is double: either how and how far the humours and effects of the body do alter or work upon the mind; or again, how and how far the passions and apprehensions of the mind do alter or work upon the body. The former of these,” (the influence of the body on the mental state,) continues Bacon, “hath been enquired and considered as a part and appendix of medicine, but much more as a part of religion or superstition. For the physician prescribeth cures of the mind in phrensies and melancholy passions; and pretendeth also to exhibit medicines to exhilarate the mind, to confirm the courage, to clarify the wits, to corroborate the memory and the like: but the scruples and superstitions of diet and other regimen of the body in the sect of Pythagoreans, in the heresy of the Manicheans, and in the law of Mahomet do exceed. … The root and life of all which prescripts is besides the ceremony, the consideration of that dependency, which the affections of the mind are submitted unto, upon the state and disposition of the body.”

scholarly journals The orbitopterygoid corridor as a deep keyhole for endoscopic access to the paranasal sinuses and clivus

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kenichi Oyama ◽  
Kentaro Watanabe ◽  
Shunya Hanakita ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Champagne ◽  
Thibault Passeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Body ◽  
Middle Fossa Approach ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Endoscopic Assistance ◽  
Skull Base Lesions ◽  
Cranial Fossa

OBJECTIVEThe anteromedial triangle (AMT) is the triangle formed by the ophthalmic (V1) and maxillary (V2) nerves. Opening of this bony space offers a limited access to the sphenoid sinus (SphS). This study aims to demonstrate the utility of the orbitopterygopalatine corridor (OPC), obtained by enlarging the AMT and transposing the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and V2, as an entrance to the SphS, maxillary sinus (MaxS), and nasal cavity.METHODSFive formalin-injected cadaveric specimens were used for this study (10 approaches). A classic pterional approach was performed. An OPC was created through the inferior orbital fissure, between the orbit and the PPF, by transposing the PPF inferiorly. The extent of the OPC was measured using neuronavigation and manual measurements. Two illustrative cases using the OPC to access skull base tumors are presented in the body of the article.RESULTSVia the OPC, the SphS, MaxS, ethmoid sinus (EthS), and nasal cavity could be accessed. The use of endoscopic assistance through the OPC achieved better visualization of the EthS, SphS, MaxS, clivus, and nasal cavity. A significant gain in the area of exposure could be achieved using the OPC compared to the AMT (22.4 mm2 vs 504.1 mm2).CONCLUSIONSOpening of the AMT and transposition of V2 and the contents of the PPF creates the OPC, a potentially useful deep keyhole to access the paranasal sinuses and clival region through a middle fossa approach. It is a valuable alternative approach to reach deep-seated skull base lesions infiltrating the cavernous sinus and middle cranial fossa and extending into the paranasal sinus.

scholarly journals Body experience in the east-slavonic culture tradition

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Ye. I. Kirilenko
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ambivalent Attitude ◽  
Culture Tradition

In the modern science, the body is an object of interest not only to the natural science and medicine, but also the humanities. Of special interest, in particular, for the medical discourse, is the ethnic body experience. The paper reveals features of the body experience in the east-slavonic culture from the analysis of the mythological tradition. This experience is characterized by the pronounced interest and ambivalent attitude to the body’s life, natural body standards; and emotional intensity. The experience of the social body is of highest priority in the culture.

scholarly journals Opposite asymmetries of face and trunk and of kissing and hugging, as predicted by the axial twist hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc HE de Lussanet
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Secondary Feature ◽  
Half Turn ◽  
Axial Twist

The contralateral organization of the forebrain and the crossing of the optic nerves in the optic chiasm represent a long-standing conundrum. According to the Axial Twist Hypothesis (ATH) the rostral head and the rest of the body are twisted with respect to each other to form a left-handed half turn. This twist is the result, mainly, of asymmetric, twisted growth in the early embryo. Evolutionary selection tends to restore bilateral symmetry. Since selective pressure will decrease as the organism approaches symmetry, we expected a small control error in the form of a small, residual right-handed twist. We found that the mouth-eyes-nose (rostral head) region shows a left-offset with respect to the ears (posterior head) by up to 0.8° (P<0.01, Bonferroni-corrected). Moreover, this systematic aurofacial asymmetry was larger in young children (on average up to 3°) and reduced with age. Finally, we predicted and found a right-sided bias for hugging (78%) and a left-sided bias for kissing (69%). Thus, all predictions were confirmed by the data. These results are all in support of the ATH, whereas the pattern of results is not explained by existing alternative theories. As of the present results, the ATH is the first theory for the contralateral forebrain and the optic chiasm whose predictions have been tested empirically. We conclude that humans (and all other vertebrates) are fundamentally asymmetric, both in their anatomy and their behavior. This supports the thesis that the approximate bilateral symmetry of vertebrates is a secondary feature, despite their being bilaterians.

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