scholarly journals SEMANTIC CATEGORY OF EXPEDIENCY IN THE RUSSIAN AND OSSETIAN LANGUAGES

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
З.И. ГОДИЗОВА ◽  
Д.В. ГАБИСОВА
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
World Image ◽  
Linguistic Means

Статья посвящена сопоставлению семантической категории целесообразности в русском и осетинском языках. Целью исследования является выявление всех возмож­ных средств выражения семантики целесообразности в сопоставляемых языках, воз­можных различий в диапазоне этих средств и в разном их статусе. Актуальность предпринятого исследования обусловлена тем, что сравнение и выявление всех воз­можных языковых средств выражения данной семантической категории в русском и осетинском языках внесет значительный вклад в сравнительно-сопоставительное языкознание, в изучение функционально-семантической категории модальности, конкретного модального значения целесообразности. Научная новизна данной ста­тьи заключается в том, что семантическая категория целесообразности не при­влекала активного внимания исследователей и совершенно не изучена в сопостави­тельном аспекте. В ходе исследования использованы методы наблюдения, описания, функционально-семантического анализа, компонентного анализа, количественная методика. На основании проведенного анализа установлено, что в обоих языках се­мантическая категория целесообразности представлена разнообразными языковыми средствами выражения (лексическими, морфологическими, синтаксическими). Это свидетельствует о чрезвычайной значимости концепта «целесообразность» для рус­ской и осетинской языковой картины мира. Определены центральные и периферий­ные компоненты функционально-семантического поля целесообразности в русском и осетинском языках. Выявлены значительные отличия в системе языковых средств выражения целесообразности в обоих языках. Наиболее существенными отличиями системы осетинского языка является наличие причастий будущего времени, основной функцией которых является выражение семантики целесообразности, а также более частое выражение указанного значения описательными конструкциями, что вполне соотносится с аналитизмом и метафоричностью осетинского языка. В осетинском языке гораздо меньше глаголов с семантикой целесообразности, отсутствуют слова категории состояния, являющиеся одним из ярких средств выражения указанного зна­чения в русском языке, в меньшей степени представлены синтаксические конструкции с семантикой целесообразности (безличные, инфинитивные, неопределенно-личные). The article is devoted to the comparison of the semantic category of expediency in the Russian and Ossetian languages. The aim of this study was to determine all the possible means of expediency expression in compared languages, possible differences in the range of these means and in their status. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the comparison and determination of all possible linguistic means of expression of this semantic category in the Russian and Ossetian languages will be a significant contribution to comparative linguistics, to the study of the functional-semantic category of modality, the specific modal meaning of expediency. The scientific novelty of the article is in the fact that the semantic category of expediency attracted scientists’ inadequate attention and is still completely unstudied in comparative aspect. Methods of observation, description, functional and semantic analysis, component analysis, quantitative technique were used in the research. The analyses showed that the semantic category of expediency is represented by the various language means of expression (lexical, morphological, and syntactical) in both languages. It highlights the importance of concept “expediency” for the Russian and Ossetian linguistic world-image. The central and peripheral components of functional and semantic field of expediency in the Russian and Ossetian languages have been defined. Significant differences in the system of linguistic means of expressing expediency in both languages have been revealed as well. The most considerable difference in the system of the Ossetian language is the existence of future participles where their main function is expressing expediency. The frequency of expressing the described function by the descriptive constructions favors analytism and mataphoricity of the Ossetian language. The Ossetian language can be characterized by occasional use of verbs with expediency semantics and by no cases of words of state category, which are rather powerful means of expediency expressing in Russian. Syntactic constructions with expediency semantics (impersonal, infinite, indefinite personal) are also represented to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals Conceptual representation of mercy in legal texts of the XVII – XVIII centuries (based on the English-language and Russian-language materials)

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Parfenenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Text Understanding ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Similarity And Difference

The subject of this research is the semantics of English and Russian lexemes that represent the conceptual component of the concept of mercy in both languages. The goal of this work consists in determination of similarities and differences of the conceptual attributes of mercy in the English and Russian legal texts of the XVII – XVIII centuries. The concept of mercy was selected due to insufficient examination of its verbalization in the comparative linguistics. In the course of this research, the author applied comparative method, semantic analysis, quantitative method, and method of modeling, Based on the legal texts of Great Britain and Russia of the XVII – XVIII centuries, the author determines the composition of core lexemes and their synonyms, which are capable of resembling the conceptual characteristics of mercy in the compared languages. The scientific novelty consists in the establishment of similarity and difference of the conceptual characteristics of mercy in the Russian and English legal texts of a certain period of time. As a result of the conducted analysis, it was revealed that in the English texts of that time, the notional component of the concept represents the core lexemes and synonyms “grace”, “mercy”, “reprieve”, “forgiveness”, “indulgence” that are the synonyms of core lexemes, while in the Russian texts this is the core lexeme “mercy”, and its synonyms “grace”, “clemency”, “remission” and “forgiveness”. Comparison of composition of the conceptual attributes of mercy in the English and Russian legal texts of the XVII – XVIII centuries illustrated that they had more differences. Thus, the conceptual attributes of mercy in the English text, understanding of forgiveness as an act of mercy, grace, or  manifestation of reprieve from a king or queen; or mercy as an abolition of punishment, benevolence of God, act of leniency and forgiveness for an offence. The conclusion is also made on similarity of the compared languages in perception of mercy as an act of grace from the ruler of the country.

scholarly journals The characteristic of freedom in the quotes and aphorisms of the French-language and Russian-language aging politicians of the late XX century

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Grishenkova
Keyword(s):  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The goal of this work lies in determination of similarities and differences in characteristic of freedom in the quotes and aphorisms of French and Russian aging politicians of the late XX century. The subject of this research is the semantics of French and Russian quotes and aphorisms that reveal the nature of freedom in the compared languages. The topic of the characteristic of freedom in the speeches of aging politicians was selected as it did not receive due attention within comparative linguistics. Using the material of French and Russian quotes and aphorisms, the author determines the aspects for outlining the characteristic of freedom in form of thematic groups of these lexical unites in the compared languages. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this work is first to reveal similarities and differences of the characteristics of freedom in the popular quotes and aphorisms of French-language and Russian-language aging politicians of the XX century. The conclusion is made on the presence of the following similarities: didactic manner in their appeal to the public, interest in blissful future of their countries, resemblance of their life and professional experience in the speech. Some difference were also detected. The uniqueness of composition of the compared characteristics of freedom is associated with the specificities of historical development of France and Russia of that time, which outlines the prospects of research on this topic. The acquired results may be valuable in giving a course of lectures on comparative lexicology of French and Russian languages, elaboration of methodology for analyzing speech of senior citizens in the comparative aspect.

scholarly journals The Main Humorous Characteristics of the Anti-Value Concept of Gluttony (Based on English-Language Stand-Up and Situation Comedies)

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (4–5) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
A.I. Bochkarev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
English Language ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Situation Comedies ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
First Time ◽  
Linguistic Means ◽  
Value Concept

The article describes the anti-value concept of gluttony in the humorous discourse of English-language stand-up and situation comedies. The main humorous characteristics of this concept are identified and analyzed. An axiological approach is used for constructing a humorous conceptual framework, because humor is one of the most important tools for forming values and anti-values of a certain culture. The ridiculed characteristics of gluttony are divided into the following two groups: those of process and result. The main characteristics of the process include improper eating of edible items and eating of inedible items. Improper eating of edible items is usually ridiculed through eating excessive amounts of food, eating food under inappropriate conditions, eating incompatible items. Eating of inedible items is mostly ridiculed through eating life-threatening objects, eating something unfit to eat, and eating excrements or other human waste products. The main ridiculed characteristics of the result include gaining excess weight, addiction to a certain food, illness/death of a person. This work also performs a detailed analysis of the anti-value concept of gluttony for the first time. The main linguistic means of representing the anti-value concept of gluttony in stand-up comedies and sitcoms are revealed. This article makes a significant contribution to constructing an axiological humorous framework of the concept, because gluttony is one of the basic anti-values in humorous discourse.

MENTAL VERBS IN K.L. KHETAGUROV’S POETRY AS MEANS OFREPRESENTING THE FRAGMENTS OF THE AUTHOR’S WORLD IMAGE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Мамиева
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Knowledge Process ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Cognitive Actions ◽  
Material Organization ◽  
World Image ◽  
Mental Verbs

В статье исследуется функционально-семантическая сфера и художественно-когнитивный потенциал ментальных глаголов, употребленных К. Л. Хетагуровым в сборнике Ирон фандыр ( Осетинская лира , 1899) и примыкающих к нему текстах на осетинском языке.На основе лексико-семантического анализа прототипической глагольной лексемы зонын, доминантной в словаре языка сборника, и ее производных определены важные структурные компоненты когнитивного фрейма осуществление ментальной деятельности. Очерчен состав номинативного поля ментальных глаголов с прямым и контекстным значением слов: конститутивные элементы отнесены к ядру и приядерному слою номинации, эксплицирующие синонимические ряды дополнительных характеристик, к области ближней и дальней периферии. В работе изложен опыт применения комплексного (лингво-литературоведческого) подхода к исследованию вербальных средств выражения мыслительных действий с использованием элементов этимологического, контекстуального и интерпретативного анализа. В основу организации материала лег метод структуризации семантического поля ментальных глаголов по признаку действие/состояние с различением трех аспектов ментальной сферы сознания: 1) мыслительных действий, цель которых получение знания (процесс мышления) 2) мыслительных актов, свидетельствующих о результатах реализации ментальной способности 3) ментальных состояний (статуальность как результат предшествующих мыслительных действий) с указанием дифференцированной частоты их употребления. Делается вывод о том, что единицы ментального поля являются ключевыми и концептуально значимыми в анализируемыхтекстах Коста Хетагурова. Проблема рассмотрена под углом зрения антропного фактора в аспекте репрезентации фрагментов картины мира в художественном тексте, отражающих ценностно-мировоззренческие установки автора. The article explores the functional-semantic sphere and artistic-cognitive potential of the mental verbs used by K.L. Khetagurov in his anthology Iron Fandyr ( Ossetian Lira, 1899) and the adjoining Ossetic texts. Based on the lexico-semantic analysis of the prototypical verb lexem zonyn, which is dominant in the dictionary of the anthology language, and its derivatives the important structural components of the cognitive frame exercise of the mental activities are defined. The structure of the nominative field of mental verbs is outlined (direct and contextual meanings of words): the constitutional elements are classified as the nucleus and nearby layer the nominations which make synonymic rows of additional characteristics explicit, to the area of near and far periphery. The paper outlines the experience of applying a comprehensive (linguo-literary) approach to the study of verb means of expression of thought actions, including the elements of etymological, contextual and interpretive analysis. The material organization is based on the method of structuring the semantic field of mental verbs on the basis of action/station with the distinction of three aspects of the mental sphere of consciousness: 1) cognitive actions, which purpose is to obtain knowledge (process of thinking) 2) the cognitive acts confirming results of mental ability realization 3) mental conditions (a stasis as a result of the previous cogitative actions) with the indication of the total and differentiated frequency of their use. It is concluded that mental verbs are key-note and conceptually significant in Kosta Khetagurovs poetry. The problem is considered from the point of view of the anthropic factor in the aspect of representation of fragments of the image of the world in the literary text, reflecting the axiological and worldview attitudes of the author.

An Archaeological Approach to the Study of Cultural Stability

1955 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 32-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil W. Haury ◽  
Robert L. Rands ◽  
Albert C. Spaulding ◽  
Walter W. Taylor ◽  
Raymond H. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Problem ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Instability Problem ◽  
Long Span ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of

The study of cultural stability requires a knowledge of cultural development over a reasonably long span of time. The definition of this time perspective is one of the major contributions of archaeology to the study of culture. The archaeologist therefore should be in a position to make a significant contribution to the appraisal of the stability problem itself. However, the lack of a commonly accepted anthropological definition of the concept of cultural stability imposes semantic difficulties which hinder the determination of practical limits for the stability- instability problem area. Moreover, the nature of the data available to the archaeologist conditions the kind of contribution he can make.

scholarly journals Psycho-Semantic Analysis of Individual Structure of Adolescent’s World Image

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01168
Author(s):  
Elizaveta I. Shuleva
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Individual Structure ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
World Image

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the structure of the image of the older adolescent’s world. When analyzing the data, the computer program of statistical analysis of texts “ADVEGO”, content analysis, morphological and semantic analysis was used. Morphological analysis of empirical data has shown that the most used words belong to the category of nouns. Content analysis made it possible to identify eight semantic categories of word groups that characterize the levels of the image of the teenager’s world: nature, social, subject, friendship, school, hobbies and leisure, family, mental (needs, cognitive processes, emotions, feelings, personal qualities). The most significant level in terms of the volume of semantic units and the nature of ongoing processes is the mental level. The results of the conducted research allowed drawing the following conclusions. The individual structure of an older adolescent’s world image is a complex mental phenomenon that has universal, age and individual characteristics. Its universal characteristics are multi-levelness and hierarchy; age-related – dynamics, polarity, existentialism, and accentuation on the present time. The individual characteristics of an older adolescent’s world image are due to individual personal characteristics of the flow of his or her mental activity.

Kinetics Study of the Acidic Catalyzed Polymerization of Tetraethoxysilane by 29Si NMR.

1988 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Pouxviel ◽  
J. P. Boilot
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
29Si Nmr ◽  
Condensation Reactions ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Degree Of Condensation ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTTEOS has been hydrolysed under acidic condition with stoichiome-tric or excess amount of water. Evolution of the silicon species is followed by 29Si NMR. The data are analyzed at different levels of detail; first, analysis of the by products of polymerization reactions, second determination of the extents and overall rate constants of hydrolysis and condensation reactions and finally kinetics simulations of the evolution taking into account all the present silicon species. We have shown that the hydrolysis rate increases with the number of hydroxyl groups, and the reesterification reactions have a significant contribution. We also found that condensation reactions preferentially occur with loss of water between the more hydrolyzed monomers; their rates rapidly decrease with the degree of condensation. We compare the two compositions as a function of their water content and pH.

John Wallis (1616–1703)

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilinca Constantinescu
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Articulatory Phonetics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
John Wallis ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Better Than

Summary Three centuries after its publication, John Wallis’ Grammatica Linguae An-glicanae (1653) is still worth the attention of the readers interested in the study of English. Considered within the context of its day, it appears as a significant contribution to the field, and indeed a work which constitutes a landmark in the history of the study of English. Its author, a remarkable mathematician looked upon as one of the most important precursors of Newton, succeeded in handling facts of the English language (both phonetics and grammar) better than any of his predecessors. His work, which illustrates the empirical approach, is important through the degree of independence attained in it from the Latin model which, at that time, still exerted a strong influence on attempts at describing the European vernaculars. In the advent of comparative linguistics in the 19th century Wallis’ grammar fell into disgrace. Even in our time scholars often repeat, with little justification, earlier criticisms of Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae – thus suggesting that Wallis’ contribution to the study of English has not always been examined in terms of the advances it represented when it was first published more than three centuries ago. When mapping out the development of linguistics in a historiography of our discipline there are two aspects in which Wallis’ grammar of English deserves special mention: when tracing the evolution of articulatory phonetics and when examining the roots of modern structural descriptivism.

scholarly journals Analysis of grammatical means for the expression of reason in German, Italian and Russian scientific text of the XXI century

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 127-143
Author(s):  
Igor' Sergeevich Kalyatin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The Subject

The goal of this work lies in definition and scientific description of combination of the basic grammatical means for expression of category of reason in a scientific text (on the material of German, Italian and Russian languages). The subject of this research is a comparative analysis of the structural and semantic peculiarities of grammatical means for the expression of reason in a scientific text of the XXI century (on the material of German, Italian and Russian languages). The relevance is substantiated by insufficient study within comparative linguistics of the ways to represent the category of reason on grammatical level by comparing several languages (in this case, German, Italian and Russian). The scientific novelty of consists in conducting comparative analysis of grammatical language means for the expression of semantic category of reason in German, Italian and Russian scientific text of the XXI century. Within the framework of contrastive analysis, the author revealed the peculiarities of structuring the functional-semantic field of reason on the example of the texts under consideration. The acquired results allow concluding that in such type of texts the functional semantic field of causality is represented by grammatical means that express reason in a general form or with additional connotation. The presented materials can be applied in the course of lectures on comparative typology of the German, Italian and Russian languages.

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