Village guards as “in between” in the Turkish-Kurdish conflict: Re-examining identity and position in intergroup conflict

The current paper utilizes new approaches in intergroup conflict studies to examine the village guard system and its role in the Turkish-Kurdish conflict in Turkey. Recent work suggests that a two-group paradigm in researching intergroup conflict leaves out important contextual factors that influence trajectories and outcomes of conflict. The current paper is based on a project examining the views of 63 active and retired village guards in five provinces in eastern Turkey. Participants were asked how they became village guards, their experiences while holding the position and after they’ve retired, their relationship with neighbors and neighboring villages, as well as their views on the peace process and whether they believe a lasting peace is possible. Results indicate that village guards became guards either because their tribe took arms as a whole, they felt economically there were few other options, or were pressured by the state. Participants also reported feeling otherized by both non-village guard neighbors as well as state actors, and were generally positive about a peaceful outcome to the conflict but were concerned about the sincerity of the government.

Download Full-text

Lack Of Basic Education Accessibility In The Periphery Area Of Indonesia (A Research in Takirin Village, Tasifeto Timur Sub-District, Belu Regency, NTT Province - Indonesia)

Iapa Proceedings Conference ◽

10.30589/proceedings.2018.187 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

M. N. B. C. Neolaka ◽

Rikhardus S. Klau ◽

Metriani Epifania Nahak

Keyword(s):

Basic Education ◽

Educational Institution ◽

The State ◽

Religious Institutions ◽

Education Services ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Basic Rights ◽

The People ◽

The Government ◽

The Village

The presence of a school in the village is a sign of the concrete presence of the State to fulfill the basic rights of the community in the field of education. Remembering that schools always assume interaction with other elements of society such as parents, students, religious institutions and village governments, their presence also demands responsibility and involvement of all parties at the grassroots in synergic cooperation. Only through quality cooperation involving all parties, an educational institution can become the backbone of a society's progress. Quality cooperation can be evaluated by looking at how the community responds to the concrete problems they face in the field. One of the fundamental problems commonly found in remote areas of Indonesia is the low access to basic education services. By recognizing and identifying problems that occur in their own environment, people are encouraged to recognize violations of their basic rights. In turn, the people themselves are encouraged to collect their rights to the Government and at the same time are aware of being actively involved in development.

Download Full-text

Undang-Undang Desa dan Bantuan Dana Desa

Restorica Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi ◽

10.33084/restorica.v7i1.2260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Alfian Alfian

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

The State ◽

Literature Study ◽

Village Community ◽

State Revenue ◽

Village Communities ◽

The Government ◽

The Village

The village law has given hope for village communities to have a more prosperous life in terms of village funding which gets greater attention when compared to the above government units, namely sub-districts and districts. This has been encouraged since the assistance of village funds has been carried out in recent years. The research method used in this research is literature study method. The literature studies obtained were sourced from various kinds such as regulations / laws, journals, books and other documentation. The conclusion is that the village law contains hope for the village community for a more prosperous life. This is also supported by the existence of village fund assistance which comes from various aspects of village income. Currently the Government distributes funds sourced from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget for Villages in 2021. The Government distributes Village funds, the amount can reach IDR 1.4 billion per village per year or an increase is given to 416 districts and 74,953 villages throughout Indonesia, but it is still constrained. plagued with a number of problems in use and accountability.

Download Full-text

Peluang dan Ancaman Otonomi Desa Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa

Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Bhakti Praja ◽

10.33701/jiwbp.v7i2.42 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Muhadam Labolo

Keyword(s):

State Government ◽

Local Governance ◽

The State ◽

Local State ◽

First Principle ◽

Allocation Of Resources ◽

Governance System ◽

The Government ◽

The Village

The changes about Village policy provide both opportunities and threats to the development of village autonomy. Opportunities for the development of village autonomy are at least normatively gaining a foothold from two important principles of recognition and subsidiarity. The first principle as a form of recognition of village existence in various forms has actually been introduced through Law Number 22 Year 1999 and 32 Year 2004 which corrects efforts to uniform the lowest government entity of the village under another name. The second principle is the juridical consequence of the 1945 Constitution article 18B paragraph (2) where the state not only recognizes, also respects special and special units as long as it is still there and well maintained. This principle allows the state to allocate resources to the village even though the village is no longer subordinate to the state (mini bureaucracy) as the practice of Law 5/1979 through local state government paradigm. With the resources referred to the village at least have the opportunity to develop the original autonomy (self governing community) and not solely under the control of local governance system (local self-government). The allocation of resources from the government, provincial and district / city and the opening of access in the effort of developing village autonomy is not impossible to increase the tension in the village through abuse of authority and the potential of horizontal conflict. Village autonomy can ultimately contain threats if a number of important requirements can not be fulfilled given the culture, structure and environment that affect the village is much more dominant than the supradesa itself is quite distant with the community.Keywords: village autonomy, opportunities, threats

Download Full-text

Powerful Custom, Dominated Country: Domination of functionary Custom over Village Government in Kerinci

Journal of Governance and Public Policy ◽

10.18196/jgpp.811343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 60-70

Author(s):

Rio Yusri Maulana ◽

Makmun Wahid ◽

Dori Efendi ◽

Moh. Arif Rakhman ◽

M. Yusuf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Level ◽

The State ◽

New Order ◽

Power Relationship ◽

Interesting Phenomenon ◽

The Government ◽

Village Government ◽

The Stability ◽

The Village ◽

The Relationship

The discussion on the power relationship between the state and adat or customs is always exciting because although adat is most likely getting tension from the state through various regulations, it keeps signifying its existence. An interesting phenomenon that happened after the downfall of the New Order regime and the expansion of the Regional Autonomy System’s implementation was adat power’s reappearance at the local level. For instance, Adat Functionary in the Kerinci Regency signified their dominance over the village government. The studies about the relationship between adat and the state tend to put adat as an identity and spirit for gaining support, power, and fund also tools to deal with the government. This study begins with the fact that adat is dominant over the village government in decision-making. This study found in the Kerinci regency obtained a new government structure by the returning of adat power in governance, and affected the stability of the village administration, also used it as the solidarity mechanism of the community in Kerinci Regency to resolve various conflicts. Thus, the meaning of domination, which is commonly interpreted as something negative, is turning out to be a contrary one since it makes the community more solid through adat.

Download Full-text

Islam Aboge: Islam and Cultural Java Dialogue (A Study of Islam Aboge Communities in Ujungmanik, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia)

International Journal of Nusantara Islam ◽

10.15575/ijni.v1i2.29 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 102-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdurrahman Misno Bambang Prawiro

Keyword(s):

Cultural Studies ◽

Daily Life ◽

The State ◽

Islamic Culture ◽

Cultural Traditions ◽

Central Java ◽

Islamic Tradition ◽

The Government ◽

The Village ◽

Central Java Province

Islam came to Java in which the state population has a form of cultural traditions and belief in the power of certain objects (dynamism), the strength of the spirit of the deceased (animism) and belief in the power of the animals (Totemism). This tradition has been passed from generation to generation; it is believed and practiced in daily life. So when Islam came, confidence and trust is dissolved into the Islamic culture. Therefore comes the so-called Islamic syncretism that is acculturation with Islamic tradition. Among the forms of local acculturation (Java) with Islam is a tradition embraced by the Muslim Aboge community in the village of Ujungmanik Kawunganten Cilacap district, Central Java province, Indonesia. These community traditions carry with spiced Javanese Islamic tradition, the Islamic came with local flavor.The specificity of this community are still use the models of Javanese Islamic calendar (calendar Aboge (Alip Rebo Wage)) to determine the beginning of Ramadan, Idhul Fithri and Idhul Adha. Because of the using of the calendar, so that the celebrations of Ramadhan, Idhul Fitri and Idhul Adha is always different to what has been set by the government. This article discusses Islam and Javanese acculturation on Aboge Islamic Community and the dating models they use. With the approach of phenomenology and interpretation of cultural studies in the frame of ethnography, it is expected to make clear this acculturation models.

Download Full-text

WAQF AL-IRSÂD: Menyoal Pelaksanaan dan Kedudukan Wakaf Tanah “Béngkok” sebagai Suatu Fenomena Wakaf Negara dalam Kajian Fiqh

Muslim Heritage ◽

10.21154/muslimheritage.v4i1.1606 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Iza Hanifuddin

Keyword(s):

Policy Maker ◽

Rice Field ◽

The State ◽

Rice Fields ◽

The Other ◽

Alternative Solution ◽

Public Property ◽

Long Time ◽

The Government ◽

The Village

AbstractThe village land / béngkok serves as compensation for the salary of the government board through the use of rice field processing. However, not all objects are in the form of rice fields, it can be manifested as a mosque, cemetery, field, and even village punden. In the case of rise fields, they can be distributed in turn among the village apparatus from time to time, while the other objects not distributed in turn, since they have been functioning for a long time based on the customary. Such condition is required to be concern to various groups due to the ambiguous status of bengkok whether they are belong to village or public property. Meanwhile, the utilization of that function has also been valid for quite a long time without any conversion. This paper tries to offer the concept of State Waqf as an alternative solution to solve the ambiguity of this position. The writer utilize the Waqf al-Irsad theory as the State Endowments Fiqh considering the functions and benefits of bengkokas religious matters, namely mosques and village graves in which the state has role as policy maker and technical controllerof land law. Tanah béngkok desa berfungsi sebagai kompensasi gaji aparatur desa melalui jalan pemanfaatan pengolahan sawah. Namun, tidak semua objek béngkok berwujud sawah. Béngkok ada yang diwujudkan sebagai masjid, kuburan, lapangan, bahkan punden desa. Pada sawah, status pemanfaatannya bisa dipergilirkan di antara aparatur desa dari masa ke masa, sedangkan pada objek selain sawah keberlakuannya tidak dipergilirkan, tetapi sudah berfungsi untuk itu sejak lama, sejak desa adat itu sendiri ada dari zaman nenek moyang. Kedudukan seperti itu perlu menjadi perhatian berbagai pihak karena statusnya yang “ngambang” antara milik desa karena statusnya atau milik masyarakat karena adatnya. Kedua-duanya pasti saling memiliki dan memerlukan. Sementara, pemanfaatan untuk fungsi itu pun sudah berlaku dalam kurun yang cukup lama tanpa ada alih fungsi. Tulisan ini mencoba menawarkan konsep Wakaf Negara sebagai solusi alternatif mengurai “kengambangan” kedudukan béngkok ini. Penulis menggunakan teori Waqf al-Irsâd sebagai Fiqh Wakaf Negara mengingat fungsi dan manfaat béngkok selama ini lebih banyak untuk urusan keagamaan, yaitu masjid dan kuburan desa di mana negara selama ini sebagai pembuat kebijakan dan pengendali teknis keagrariannya.

Download Full-text

Role of Village-Owned Enterprises in Farming Community Empowerment

10.31219/osf.io/5ycva ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Rais Rahmat Razak

Keyword(s):

National Economy ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

The State ◽

Direct Influence ◽

Farming Community ◽

The Government ◽

The Village

The empowered community is a strong capital in developing the national economy; the government, as the manager of the State, should maximize the village-owned enterprises (called Bumdes), especially the farming community in the villages. This paper aims to find out the role of the Bumdes in empowering the farming community. The results showed that the role of Bumdes was not good enough and had a direct influence on the weakness of community empowerment activities in the village

Download Full-text

PERGESERAN MITOS DI TENGAH-TENGAH PERUBAHAN SOSIAL: Mitologi Goa Kiskendo dan Dusun Betetor di Kabupaten Kendal

SMART ◽

10.18784/smart.v2i01.303 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (01) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Mulyani Mudis Taruna

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

The State ◽

Civil Servants ◽

Government Officials ◽

Community Culture ◽

Central Java ◽

The Government ◽

The Village ◽

Depth Interviews

The title of this research is Shifting the Myth in the Middle of Social Change focused in Gua Kiskendo and Betetor Hamlet Kendal Regency, Central Java. Problems in the study were 1) How the story structure of the origins of Myth, 2) How the myth influence on the lives of the surrounding communities, and 3) Whether there was a shifting myth in Kiskendo Cave and Betetor Hamlet Kendal Regency, Central Java. This study is a qualitative research with phenomenological approach. Data obtained through in-depth interviews and observation techniques. Data analysis was carried out simultaneously with data recording field, and after returning from the field by using descriptive analysis. The process of analysis is done by grouping the data and perform analysis of the relationships between the data. The results showed that; 1) The original myth structure that happened in Kiskendo Cave not based on a story with a clear storyline. While the myth is in the Betetor Hamlet based on the story from “Kiai Rujak Beling Sabuk Alu” who chased the Dutch army and go into Betetor Hamlet, 2) The life of the community around the Kiskendo Cave not affected by the myth that developed, especially the myth that causes government officials dared not enter the village area. This is in contrast with the state of the community Betetor Hamlet who is aware of the myths that developed and the consequences of these myths, then the government apparatus (army, police, and civil servants) no one dared to enter the territory of the village. 3) The community culture of Guwa Hamlet Trayu village not change as a result of a myth Kiskendo Cave that going. Unlike the case with the state of society Betetor Hamlet Tabet village of Limbangan Subdistrict, who feel that the myth is growing and expanding, which initially only the army and police did not dare enter the region, has now developed to the civil servants.

Download Full-text

POLITIK HUKUM PEMBENTUKAN DESA ADAT DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN DI INDONESIA

10.31219/osf.io/nmv8y ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad A. Rauf

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

The State ◽

Social Culture ◽

State Recognition ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

The Concept Of Law ◽

The Times ◽

The Village

This study aims to determine the legal political formation of indigenous villages in the government system in Indonesia. Village administration system becomes an important issue in setting the model villages in Indonesia. State recognition of indigenous villages punctuated with the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning the village. This study uses normative legal research in which data are collected and analyzed by the sentences associated with existing theories. The results of the study explained that the significance of the state recognizes indigenous villages namely to restore the identity and culture of rural communities, develop and preserve the local wisdom that a system of life of indigenous people of the village and as the controlling influence of globalization that destroys the social culture and Indonesian culture and restore the identity nation. Unification and pluralism to be one cause erosion of the power system and the character of the life of indigenous peoples through policies issued by the State. Therefore it is important to realize the concept of law that characterizes the character and culture of Indonesia in accordance with the times and the law in the society through the instrument of legislation.

Download Full-text

Land Is Like a Mother: The Contradictions of Village-Level Protests

People's Car ◽

10.5422/fordham/9780823282425.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 100-130

Author(s):

Sarasij Majumder

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Land Acquisition ◽

Rural Life ◽

Rhetorical Strategies ◽

Village Level ◽

Front Stage ◽

The Government ◽

The Village ◽

Urban Media

This chapter considers the village protests against land acquisition as performances. It uses the idea of performance, built on concepts of a front stage and a backstage, to contrast the spectacular with the mundane. It highlights the rhetorical strategies that landholding villagers use to represent themselves and rural life to the urban media, urban activists, and the anthropologist using the trope of the peasant living a harmonious rural life. These gendered self-images derive from leftist politics and its extolling of rural life and the peasantry as articulated through such statements as “Land is like mother; it cannot be bought and sold.” This chapter shows how the protest tactics and images challenged the state but also exacerbated conflicts among villagers and prevented them from entering into dialogue with the government regarding compensation and rehabilitation.

Download Full-text