PRUŽANjE USLUGA PUTEM MASOVNOG RADA (CROWDWORK)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Urdarević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Contractual Relationship ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Digital Work ◽  
Complete Exclusion ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Subject

Digitalization is transforming business and the world of work by redefining the boundaries of production, consumption, and distribution. This brings many advantages, but also disadvantages, both for workers and employers. At the same time, digitalization has resulted in the establishment of a new entity in the field of work – the digital platform. Although, they are most often presented as exclusively intermediary agencies that deal with bringing the job seeker and the client in touch, digital platforms have become much more than that over time. In the legal space given to them, which does not currently treat them as a visible party in the contractual relationship, digital platforms enjoy their legally undefined position, which results in creation of a new formation of workers, known as crowdworkers. The subject of this paper is crowdwork, a sa special form of digital work in which the client (service user) and digital worker usually are not in any form of contractual relationship. The very nature of related tasks in corwdwork is about performing a large number of simple, straightforward work operations, although it can also be about far more complex and creative work tasks. This type of work and provision of services, in addition po positively assessed flexibility, often contains negative sides which are reflected in low labour costs, lack of social protection, as well as complete exclusion of crowdworkers from any form of labour protection.

scholarly journals Digital cooperatives as channels for digital work in the context of the collaborative economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Arrieta Idiakez
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Digital Work ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
New Forms Of Work ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Ultimate Purpose ◽  
Descriptive Method

At present different bodies, associations, platforms etc. vary greatly in their definitions of the collaborative economy. This is because there are many differences between models and platforms within the term ‘collaborative economy’. Taking this diversity into account, this study will focus on the platforms dedicated to the provision of services. The first major issue will be the need to delimit and establish links between a multitude of concepts that emerge within the so-called collaborative economy, such as the Gig economy and the On-demand economy. The ultimate purpose is to limit the concept of collaborative economy for the purposes of the research carried out here. It was not for nothing that the European Commission recommended that legislators and courts should review professional regimes in the context of the new economy, while expressing its clear support for collaborative economy platforms in its report ‘A European agenda for the collaborative economy’ (2016). There is therefore a need to address the modality of platform-based work (also called digital work), with the aim of ensuring that standards are upheld regarding the working conditions and social protection of people who provide their services under this modality. This study, then, analyses the challenges, and positive and negative aspects of this new situation. The main conclusion is that cooperatives are the best means to channel the collaborative economy, under the modalities of platform-based or digital work. This will require studying and analysing the new models of cooperatives, and advocating digital cooperatives, outside the so-called cooperatives of self-employed workers, the true cooperative character of which is often doubtful. The conceptual delimitation of digital cooperatives and their differentiation from ‘classic’ cooperatives will also be discussed, which will involve providing some insights into the characteristic features of digital cooperatives. This research uses the descriptive, comparative and propositional legal methods. The descriptive method is used to define the concept of collaborative economy and the sub-concepts that it includes in terms of the provision of services; and to identify new forms of platform-based or digital work, and delimit the field of action of digital cooperatives, as the most appropriate means to channel these new forms of work. The comparative method will be useful to analyse the various existing professional regimes that can accommodate the new forms of work available within the collaborative economy. Finally, the propositional method will argue that digital cooperatives are the best solution to shape work within the collaborative economy.Received: 27 November 2018Accepted: 07 March 2019Published online: 22 July 2019

Provision of public services by Slovak local governments - Case study social protection – old age: A supply demand mismatch?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Černěnko ◽  
Klaudia Glittová
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Provision Of Services

The aim of the paper is to describe the supply of public services in the field of social protection - old age (represented by expenditures in group 10, class 2 of COFOG classification) in relation to the demand for these services represented by the population in the age group 62+ related to the size and region of the local government unit. The analysis of supply and demand takes place at the level of individual local governments and the results are then presented in relation to the size of the municipality and the region. Two approaches were used for the analysis. The first focuses on the description of the current situation through the categorization of local governments according to the approach to the provision of services, and the second consists in regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis suggest that the size of the municipality and the region do not play as important a role in terms of access to the provision of the examined services as indicated by the first, descriptive analysis. To find a "pattern" for local authorities to decide on access to services for the elderly, further research will be needed that takes into account several socio-economic indicators.

FORMATION OF A PROCUREMENT SYSTEM AT A MODERN RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
A. A. GODIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Procurement System

This paper studies the online procurement systems and their possible application in research and production companies, as well as assesses the benefits of these systems, efficient purchasing strategies, administration and other aspects related to the subject of purchasing. In the new era of digital technology applied to the economy, in the management of companies and businesses it is important to have an efficient purchasing system and this can be achieved with the implementation of digital platforms for making and evaluating purchases, sales, transactions and contracts. The modules that will be implemented depend of the aims of each company.

ALGORITHMIZATION OF THE ASSESSMENT OF CORPORATE RESOURCES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Elena V. Levina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Corporate Resources

This article is devoted to the problem of providing modern industrial enterprises with corporate resources, in general, and highly qualified specialists, in particular. The subject of the research is digital platforms used to analyze corporate resources and the intellectual and communication potential of business structures. The author of the article offers the author's methodology for analyzing, evaluating and predicting the availability of highly qualified specialists of business structures.

How Digitization is Empowering Vietnamese Cultural Professionals to Preserve, Present, and Promote Art and Culture Online: Navigating Challenges whilst Harnessing Opportunities to Create a Digital Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Emma Duester
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Digital Work ◽  
Cultural Sector ◽  
Cultural Colonialism ◽  
Free Open Source

Abstract The ability to publish and provide access to cultural resources via free, open source digital platforms is empowering Vietnamese cultural professionals to promote their culture to local and international audiences. Digitization projects now include the use of 3D, VR, and AR digital technologies for the purpose of being published on digital platforms. This is creating an emergent digital culture in Vietnam, with an increasing amount of available resources online. Digitization projects are now used to preserve cultural heritage as well as to present and promote contemporary art and culture. This reflects a change in practices amongst cultural professionals in Hanoi, in terms of how digital technologies are used and the value placed on making cultural resources publicly accessible online. However, as new content, knowledge, and voices are able to participate in the online discourse on art and culture, the question remains as to whether this digital transition is creating greater equality and inclusion in the cultural sector or if it is exacerbating already existing forms of digital cultural colonialism. This paper presents findings from 50 interviews with cultural professionals working in the cultural sector in Hanoi about their digitization projects and digital work practices, the developments in digitization in Hanoi’s cultural sector over the past five years, how cultural professionals are utilizing the opportunities afforded by digital technologies for cultural preservation and promotion, as well as the challenges they face in carrying out digitization projects.

scholarly journals Features of the implementation of a public offer agreement in e-commerce in Ukrainian, Polish and Russian law

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kosychenko ◽  
Illia Klinytskyi
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Electronic Format ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
Public Offer

Given the specifics of the provision of services and sales of goods on the Internet, the contract of public offer is the most common and close to the electronic format of the agreement. However, in Ukraine, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Poland, as in other countries, the use of this type of legal instruments has a number of problems related to the legal regulation and the procedure for concluding an agreement. This paper examines the main aspects of the legal implementation of public offer agreements in the above countries. Thus, the subject of the study is the contract of public offering as a legal phenomenon. The purpose of the work is to determine the main problems of concluding a public offer contract in electronic mode, and to find optimal solutions in the context of the stated issues, based on the legislation and practice of selected countries

scholarly journals New Risks of Social Entrepreneurs in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Natalya М. Lavrenyuk-Isaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
State Support ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
The Subject

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the overall risks and demonstrated the attitudes of members of society towards them. The subject is the carriers and owners of risks in the context of a pandemic from among social entrepreneurs and traditionally classified as vulnerable categories of citizens. The purpose of the work is to analyze the contradiction between the demand for a number of state support measures for traditionally allocated vulnerable groups of the population and the situation with their implementation, in which social entrepreneurs are involved along with state structures to provide services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The novelty of the approach is to clarify the categories of socially vulnerable citizens based on the division of social risks in the new conditions of the pandemic. Current empirical sociological data obtained by the online survey commissioned by the relevant department allowed us to determine the urgency of the demand for state support measures. To reduce dependence on the state and develop partnerships, the income of social entrepreneurs should not be lower than the average salary in the region. To do this, it is important to create associative forms of interaction and develop cooperation with business, science, and education. A promising and difficult task for the authorities is to involve socially vulnerable citizens in innovative social activities in the format of social entrepreneurship, in interaction with social protection agencies for their effectiveness. The development of tools for stimulating cooperation between beneficiaries and stakeholders is on the agenda for further study

scholarly journals INFORMATION SYSTEM OF MONITORING PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBJECT BASED ON ANALYSIS OF HIS MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Natalia Pavlovna Ganyukova ◽  
Victoria Pavlovna Gladenkova ◽  
Marina Georgievna Popova
Keyword(s):  
Component Composition ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Body Component ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In ◽  
Integral Indicator

The article aims the evaluation of various aspects of the physical development of the subject based on measuring his anthropometric characteristics, the morphofunctional indicators describing various aspects of his physical development in order to form training tasks of the physical development of the subject. The correlation between anthropometric indices and body component composition of young males is given in the form of a diagram. There have been considered indexes allowing a comprehensive assessment of the morphofunctional state of the subject. All indices are divided into two groups: indices whose values are monitored in the continuous mode (15 indices), and indices whose values are monitored at the beginning and at the end of each stage of a training course or at the end of the entire course (6 indices). A formula for integral indicator is also given, it characterizes the morphofunctional condition of the subject. The general functional diagram of the decision support system in the provision of services for sport and physical development of the subject is also given. The question of necessary correcting training tasks based on evaluating current values of morphofunctional parameters of the subject is the general problem of the decision-making process for persons providing services on sport and physical development. Software implementation of the suggested scheme will become a reliable means of significant improvement of the effectiveness of decisions made in the process of providing services and make the training process more adequate to the goals

scholarly journals Interrelation between the types of self-attitude and self-regulation of laziness in young individuals with different degree of self-regulation of behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Alina Eduardovna Kim
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Work Task ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theoretical Overview

The subject of this research is self-attitude and self-regulation of laziness in young individuals, who combine work and study. The article provides a brief theoretical overview of the research that prove interrelation between self-attitude and self-regulation of behavior and laziness. Using the quartilization procedure of the values of individual indicators, the author determined the groups with different degree of self-regulation of behavior; established the leading types of self-attitude of young individuals with different level of self-regulation of behavior. The presence and specificity of true links between the types of self-attitude with external and internal evaluative grounds and the severity of self-regulation of laziness in different contexts that provoke manifestations of laziness in young people with different level of self-regulation of behavior. Young individuals with high self-regulation of behavior demonstrate interconnectedness between self-regulation of laziness and types of self-attitude with internal evaluative grounds in execution of learning task, with external and internal evaluative grounds in execution of work task. The author underlines the importance of positive self-attitude for maintaining self-regulation of laziness. Interrelation between the types of self-attitude with both, external and internal evaluative grounds in execution of learning or work tasks are detected among the respondents with pronounced self-regulation above and below the average. Among young people with low self-regulation of behavior, the types of self-attitude with external evaluative grounds in conducting learning activity, the types of self-attitude with external and internal evaluative grounds in execution of work task, are interconnected with self-regulation of laziness. The reveled peculiarities should be taken into account in planning the educational and work process.

scholarly journals Digital Competencies and Technologies of New Sincerity in the Web 4.0 Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
Anton N. Fortunatov ◽  
Natalia G. Voskresenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Social ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Digital Competencies ◽  
Communicative Space ◽  
Virtual Subject

The problem of social aggression of young people that are immersed in digital communication has become the subject of this study. The authors did not confine to the state of the depressing condition of the ethical sphere in digital communication. They wanted to find out the underlying causes of the social antagonism and the conflict. One of the most important reasons for social destruction is the lack of clear space-time coordinates for a virtual subject. It leads to the use of the passive personality by the technologies themselves. A man turns into material for algorithms, and his psychophysics becomes a continuation of impersonal technology. This situation characterizes the formation of a new era of Web 4.0, which the authors call counter communication. Interactivity is a thing of the past. Technologies of new sincerity come to its place. Outrageousness, detabooing, use of eroticism are forms of communicative use of a virtual subject who, in the modern communicative space, is in a state of unrelenting tension, which only changes its mode in connection with all new reasons for exaltation. The study of the psyche of young people completely immersed in the virtual world has become a confirmation that virtual ethics is moving further and further from the traditional ethical principles. Their social skills, as well as social protection, were the lowest among the various groups of young people. Communication for them ultimately turns into a persistent search for entertainment, into a striving for a hedonistically comfortable environment, into denial of socially significant topics and problems.

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