Investigation of Arthritis Suppressing Potency of Chloris Paraguaiensis on Freund’s Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5047-5050
Author(s):  
Somasundaram G ◽  
Jaikumar S ◽  
Balaji subramaniyan R
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Adjuvant Induced Arthritis ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparable Activity

Arthritis is a widespread disorder that occurs in elderly patients currently in the world. It is one of those disorders that affect the joints and is classified as an inflammatory disorder that is a result of immune system malfunctioning. Taking into consideration the side effects of immune suppressants that are used to treat arthritis; generally, plants are being investigated for the chemical constituents to treat the diseases. It is proved that moieties obtained from herbal sources are relatively safer and potent too. The economical methods of treating illness are using plants, and so the herbs are investigated for the treatment of arthritis. ., is one of the members of grass family which is grown wildly in tropical countries all around the world. It usually grows like a weed and can be employed for many pharmacological problems. Traditional claims are there to treat DM, Rheumatism and . Chemical constituents like , and have been isolated from the plant earlier. was selected as a subject to investigate its anti-arthritis potential in using experimental animals following the folklore claims that the plant can be used to treat arthritis. It may be due to the presence of and chemical constituents in the plant. The exact mechanism of action is to be established and the extracts in this current study showed a significantly comparable activity with that of the standard drug .

scholarly journals Investigation and Preparation of Polyherbal Ointment for Arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Ravichandran S ◽  
Satheesh Kumar D ◽  
Chandrasekaran A R ◽  
Saraladevi V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Standard Drug

The process of inflammation and the arthritis was induced due to the immune system problems in elderly patients. They are encountering problems with the immune system which identifies the own body as a foreign system and acts against it. This causes inflammation in the joints and therefore causing pain and swelling in the joints. This immunity lowering drugs are the major classes of drugs that will affect the human body by lowering the immunity, and the side effects are caused by the opportunistic infections that occur when the body has low immunity. These effects are now dangerous, and the drugs that treat arthritis are now considered deadly, and their use is minimized too. In this respect, the herbs are found to be the best sources of the treatment of arthritis that produce the chemical constituents that target and cure inflammation that causes arthritis. The plant extract was used to incorporate into the ointment, and this was investigated for the anti-arthritic activity. This was compared to the activity of the extract and standard drug. The ointment that was prepared showed a significantly better activity compared with the standard drug.

Investigating the relation between anti-oxidant activity and epileptic enzymes of formulation-40 capsules

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Protective Enzyme ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Herbal Formulations ◽  
Human Nervous System

Seizures and Epilepsy are those major conditions that are common symptoms of many diseases that affect the human nervous system. It is one of the most chronic and commonest of the neurological disorders that is prevalent in almost 5crore people around the world. Even though the drugs are effective and potent, there are various side effects and adverse effects are associated with those drugs. General side effects include the nausea and vomitings, many other specific side effects include altered mental consciousness, confusion anorexia and excessive aggression are also noted in many cases of drugs. In this research, herbal formulations were designed to fight back the free radicals that are generated in the brain and those protective enzyme levels were analyzed to estimate the activity of the formulation in the brain tissue. In the research, the prepared formulation showed a dose dependent activity in restoring the brain protective enzymes and balancing them. The formulation contained herb powders that contain antioxidant chemical constituents which helped for the anti-epileptic formulation. The herbal capsules at dose 500mg/kg showed a better activity compared to the standard drug but without notable side effects and adverse effects.

Special Issue on ‘Immunopotentiating ability of medicinal plants against the chronic diseases’

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-298
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World

Chronic illness such as cardiovascular diseases, AIDS, diabetes, and cancer are the leading causes of death and disability in India. They contribute around 53% of all deaths, and projected to increase in the next 25 years. Though, allopathic treatment therapies are in operation but due to higher cost and limited availability, they are short reached to the poor especially in rural areas. Increasing drug resistance and often side effects have additionally questioned to their reliability. Hence, the alterna-tive therapies with better efficacy and free of above limitations have emerged as immediate need to be developed to keep mankind hale and hearty. Immunopotentiating approaches advo-cating to the repair and restoration of the immune system to normal state are looked as better alter-natives to satisfy the current need via researches on medicinal plants. Fortunately, India with the presence of 8000 species has been great repository of medicinal plants and richest genetic resource of them in the world.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF UVARIA AFZELLI Sc. Elliot (ANNONAECAE) IN MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Akanji Murtala ◽  
A. Omoloye Adesina ◽  
Aderonke Aderinola Adeyinka ◽  
Eniola Wasiu Olooto
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Population

Epilepsy is the fouth most common brain disorder in the world and about 65 million of the global population are victims. Sadly, the currently available conventional drugs are riddled with numerous side effects, expensive and have not demonstrated adequate capacity in managing this disorder. Hence, the need for safer, cheaper and more effective therapy. This study is aimed at investigating the anticonvulsant activity of the ethanol leaf extract of Uvaria afzelii. Twenty-five (25) mice were randomly allotted to five different groups of five mice each. The animals were treated orally with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively and 10 ml/kg of distilled water. The standard group received diazepam (5 mg/kg, i.m). Both strychnine (4 mg/kg, i.p) and picrotoxin (5mg/kg, i.p.) were used to induce convulsion 30 minutes post administration of extract and distilled water, and 15 minutes for standard drug. The onset and duration of convulsion for each mouse were recorded. Mice that did not convulse within 30 min of strychnine and picrotoxin injection were considered protected. The extract (400 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) delayed the onset of convulsion with significant reduction (P<0.05) in the duration of seizures induced by picrotoxin with  20% mortality. In the strychnine-induced test, U. afzelii (200 & 400 mg/kg) significantly delayed (p<0.001, 0.0001) the onset of convulsion with mortality of about 40%. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and saponin. The findings in this study show that the ethanol leaf extract of Uvaria afzelii possesses anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals Gastroprotective effect of leaves of Breyniavitis-Idaea

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2519-2524
Author(s):  
Poojitha M ◽  
Saravanakumar A S ◽  
Satyanarayana S V
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ligation Method

Due to the lure backs of synthetic drugs that are being used medical field has turned over to the traditional medicine which are devoid of side effects and major adverse effects. So that Herbal drugs were seen as probable replacements for the handling of PUD without showing side effects and equaling the treatment efficacy. The literature review on investigations of antiulcer activity of various plant drug, the present investigation was carried out to investigate the antiulcer potential, chemical constituents present in the methanol extract of traditional plant Breyniavitis-idaea. Gastric ulcers in experimental animals were brought by four different models like  Ethanol(Alcohol)  induced, NSIDS (Indomethacin) induced, Pylorus ligation method and Cold resistant stress induced method by comparing with the standard drug namely omeprazole (20mg/kg) which exhibited the dose dependent capacity of the extract (125mg/kg,250mg/kg, 500mg/kg) and also the biochemical parameters like ALP, GSH, pH and Gastric volume contents were estimated in all the selected groups (Design of Experiment). The results obtained from the study has helped to identify that 500mg/kg of plant extract has gastro protective effect in all the chosen models in comparison to the omeprazole (20mg/kg) standard drug. Owing to the prevalence of different phytoconstituents like poly phenols and flavonoids shown the dose dependent potent gastroprotective activity.

ON CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) IN RUSSIA, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FAR EAST

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-64
Author(s):  
N.S. Probatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Far East

The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.

In-vivo evaluation of lipid lowering ability of Chloris paraguaiensis extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control

Hyperlipidemia is the immediate results of the excessive fat intake in food. This results in the elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. This leads to heart conditions like CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure as risk factors which can be lethal. There are many drugs to treat and control the lipids levels in the body. These drugs are either designed to prevent LDL accumulation and VLDL synthesis. Some drugs also lower the elevated levels of saturated lipids in the body. But many drugs are known to cause side effects and adverse effects; therefore, alternatives to the drugs are the subjects for current investigations. Herbs and medicinal plants are used as treatment sources for many years. They have been used in the Indian medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha etc. As the application of herbs in the treatment is growing, there is an urgent need for the establishment of Pharmacological reasoning and standardization of the activity of the medicinal plants. Chloris paraguaiensis Steud. is Poyaceae member that is called locally as Uppugaddi. Traditionally it is used to treat Rheumatism, Diabetes, fever and diarrhoea. The chemical constituents are known to have anti-oxidant properties and most of the anti-oxidants have anti-hyperlipidemic activity too. Since the plant has abundant flavonoid and phenol content, the current research focusses on the investigation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the plant Chloris extracts. Extracts of Chloris at 200mg/kg showed a comparably similar anti hyperlipidemia activity to that of the standard drug. The extracts showed a dose based increase in the activity at 100 and 200mg/kg body weight.

Evaluation of antipyretic activity of Capsicum annuum by Brewer’s yeast method

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Dinesh Babu J
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Science Investigations ◽  
Crucial Ingredient

Plants are being used in medicine and treatment of diseases from years in the evolution. During the development of science, investigations to establish eh scientific proof and validation for the activities and mechanism of herbs to treat diseases. Capsicum annuum has anti-cancer properties, analgesic properties, anti lithogenic and thermogenic properties. It is used to alter the gastrointestinal function and boost metabolism. Many formulations are enriched with capsaicin which is a crucial ingredient in Capsicum to exhibit its weight loss properties. Based on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the plant and taking into consideration, the current research will focus on the investigation and comparison of the antipyretic activity of Capsicum in fruits and leaves. Results show that the leaves have similar chemical constituents that had antipyretic potential compared to the fruits. Overall, the Capsicum showed a comparatively same activity with the standard drug, paracetamol.

Immunomodulatory Effect of “Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy” to Cure or Prevent Hospital Acquired (Nosocomial) Infections due to Clostridium difficile (C. diff), other Pathogenic Bacteria, and Autoimmune Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3937-3949
Author(s):  
Malireddy S Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The worldwide popularity of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to treat or prevent the hospital acquired infections (nosocomial infections) arose a great interest in the medical community around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2016; 2017). The following questions were raised on this subject: Does Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics directly inhibit the pathogenic bacteria (C. diff) in the gastrointestinal tract or indirectly through modulation of the host immune system or both? To be more specific, what is the exact and/or hypothetical mechanism at molecular level behind the breakthrough discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy?  To answer these questions, the specific immunomodulation regulatory functions of the individual Probiotic strains (on host) have beenresearched, investigated andoutlined in this article.  A detailed explanation(s) and hypotheses have been proposed outlining the possible cumulativedirect bacteriological and indirect immunomodulatory effects (at the molecular level) of the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics used in Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to successfully treat C. diff infection.  A detailed scientific and research attempts were made to correlate the Probiotic induced immune activities in relation to the reduction of the symptoms associated with the hospital acquired Clostridium difficile infection during and after the Multiple Mixed Strain Probioitc Therapy.  Results of the clinical trials, microbiological tests on feces, and the clinical blood tests significantly revealed that the reasons for the success of Dr. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy are multifold. Presumably, it is predominantly due to the immunomodulatory effect they have exerted on the host immune system along with the direct inhibition of C. diff bacteria by multiple Probiotics, due to the production of bacteriocins, lactic acid and nutritional competency.In addition, the size of the individual cells of the Probiotic strains in the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics and their significant effect on immunomodulation has been thoroughly discussed. Results clearly proved that if Probiotics are absent in the GI tract during C. diff infection, the chances of patient survival is zero.  This is because of the excess immune stimulation and incurable damage to the epithelial cell barrier of the gastrointestinal tract caused by C. diff bacteria.  The results also revealed, without any doubt, as of to-datethe latest discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy is the best way to cure the deadly hospital acquired infections affecting millions of people around the world, with high degree of mortality.  This has been attested by several practicng medical professionals and scientists around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2017).

Influence of the Intestinal Microbiota on Diabetes Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1603-1615
Author(s):  
Eva Alvarez-Vieites ◽  
Arora López-Santamarina ◽  
José M. Miranda ◽  
Alicia del Carmen Mondragón ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Relationship

In recent decades, there has been a very rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes globally, with serious health and economic implications. Although today there are several therapeutic treatments for this disease, these do not address the causes of the disease and have serious side effects, so it is necessary to seek new treatments to replace or complement the existing ones. Among these complementary treatments, a strong link between the intestinal microbiota and diabetes has been demonstrated, which has focused attention on the use of biotherapy to regulate the function of the intestinal microbiota and, thus, treat diabetes. In this way, the main objective of this work is to provide a review of the latest scientific evidence on diabetes, gathering information about new trends in its management, and especially, the influence of the intestinal microbiota and microbiome on this pathology. It is possible to conclude that the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and diabetes is carried out through alterations in energy metabolism, the immune system, changes in intestinal permeability, and a state of low-intensity systemic inflammation. Although, currently, most of the experimental work, using probiotics for diabetes management, has been done on experimental animals, the results obtained are promising. Thus, the modification of the microbiota through biotherapy has shown to improve the symptoms and severity of diabetes through various mechanisms related to these alterations.

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