A Critical Presentation of the Three Kierkegaardian Spheres of Human Existence

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius Nnaemeka Onwuatuegwu ◽  
◽  
ude Ifeanyi Ebelendu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Philosophical Method ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Authentic Existence ◽  
Authentic Life

It is an apparent danger in the existence of the modern man that abstraction is substituted for reality. The truth of the uniqueness of each man and the various situations of life where one cannot but make a personal choice and decision, compel man the need to authenticate his being. It is then pertinent at this time, when there is not only a loss of personal identity but more still a total flaw of existence in our modern society, to pinpoint what authentic life should be. Hence, a Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard has done a masterly work of authenticating one's existence, becoming an individual instead of being swallowed up in the appraisal of untrue crowd. Precisely, the researcher will apply in this work the philosophical method of critical reflection of Kierkegaardian three spheres of human existence to arrive at the best manner of approach to examine one's life as to live an authentic existence.

Kierkegaard's and Heidegger's Analysis of Existence and its Relation to Proclamation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Løgstrup ◽  
Robert Stern
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Authentic Existence ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The One ◽  
Authentic Life ◽  
Ethical Demand

In its first five chapters, this book offers a comparative assessment of Søren Kierkegaard and Martin Heidegger, drawing out both similarities and differences. In the remaining three chapters, their views are subject to critique. The interpretation focuses on certain key ideas that are central to both thinkers, such as ‘life in the crowd’ or ‘das Man’; how this uniformity can be avoided; and what an authentic life requires instead. The critique argues that Kierkegaard holds that the only way to escape life in the crowd is through a relation to an infinite demand which is left empty, and Heidegger avoids offering any kind of ethics. In contrast to both, it is argued that it is instead possible to have an ethic which is not just a set of social rules on the one hand, but is more contentful than Kierkegaard’s infinite demand on the other: namely, the requirement or ethical demand to take on responsibility for the other person whose life is placed in your hands. This responsibility for the other, which sets the responsible individual apart, frees them from the crowd and thus offers an ethical route to an authentic existence, which both Kierkegaard and Heidegger overlook.

scholarly journals When time becomes personal. Aging and personal identity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Sternad
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Physical Process ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Self ◽  
Social Level

AbstractAging is an integral part of human existence. The problem of aging addresses the most fundamental coordinates of our lives but also the ones of the phenomenological method: time, embodiment, subjectivity and intersubjectivity, and even the social norms that grow into the very notion of aging as such. In my article, I delineate a phenomenological analysis of aging and show how such an analysis connects with the debate concerning personal identity: I claim that aging is not merely a physical process, but is far more significantly also a spiritual one as the process of aging consists in our awareness of and conscious relation to our aging. This spiritual process takes place on an individual and on a social level, whereas the latter is the more primordial layer of this experience. This complicates the question of personal identity since it will raise the question in two ways, namely who I am for myself and who I am for the others, and in a further step how the latter experience shapes the former. However, we can state that aging is neither only physical nor only spiritual. It concerns my bodily processes as it concerns the complex reflexive structure that relates my former self with my present and even future self.

Die Ausnahme bei Christian Garve und Søren Kierkegaard

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-288
Author(s):  
Sabine Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fear And Trembling

AbstractAlthough people have established rules to secure their life and values, they seem to search—and to have searched, time and again, in the past—for exceptions to those rules, and this for different purposes. The article compares two concepts of exception, suggested by Kierkegaard in Fear and Trembling and by Garve in his Treatise on the Connection between Moral and Politics, respectively. A systematic-critical analysis shows certain intersections between their specific ways of handling the proposed exception. Garve’s concept of exception requires an original status naturalis between countries to increase happiness, and this is claimed by an established sovereign ruling with trust in God for his people. By contrast, the exception of Kierkegaard’s teleological suspension of the ethical turns out, precisely by being based on an individual’s relationship with God, to be incommensurable with purportedly universal social, ethical and political standards. This notwithstanding, both conceptions build on the notion of a human existence, which is subject to and ultimately dependent upon no one except the immortal God.

scholarly journals A NEW PARADIGM OF HUMAN EXISTENCE AS LEGAL IDENTITY IN THE ENTROPY SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Lisovskiy ◽  
Yu. Lisovska
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
World Order ◽  
Phenomenal Consciousness ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Risk Processes

In the article, the authors substantiates the modern model of the interman as a creative cyber personality, which has the potential to be identified with the correspondence of virtual bodies as a problem of modern culture. It is emphasized that it is precisely this functional possibility that finds out a new paradigm of human existence, in which entropy as a criterial device modernizes modern society. It is determined that the most intelligently gifted people are able to master the noosphere space of being through the phenomenal wisdom recipes. This content shows entropy as a defining modus of probable processes, in which modernization of a modern person, state and society takes place, since the criterion of the entropy apparatus is the recognition of that random fact (events, situations) that becomes logical. It is emphasized that the main direction of risk processes in the phenomenal wisdom recipes for the personality, the state and society should be truly chosen in the entropy system, carefully studying the theory of probable functions. It is revealed that ideological borrowings contain a considerable danger, since ideology has a class modification due to the modernization of a certain class on the basis of samples of another's experience. It is concluded that this may lead to an urgent inter-class conflict, to strengthen, oppositional sentiment. An overview of modernization as an entropy of risk processes is given, which is the mainstream in a particular historical retrospective of phenomenal consciousness. It is emphasized that modernization means the creation of a new type of world order, in which human being plays an anthropocentric role at the level of legal subjectivity. The constructive and destructive Spirit of Time according to the entropy criteria is confirmed. Different forms of crisis are revealed when exhausting the established norms and rules of behavior of individuals, groups, classes, ethnic groups, communities. It is envisaged that science is such a fundamental innovation in which entropy depends to a large extent on the mental and value orientations of an individual people, based on consciousness, language, culture, etc. Creation of complex of measures and procedures is envisaged including the risks concerning maintenance of human life and health in the legal state.

Stories, Lives, and Basic Survival: A Refinement and Defense of the Narrative View

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 155-178
Author(s):  
Marya Schechtman
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Good Story ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intractable Problems

Everyone loves a good story. But does everyone live a good story? It has frequently been asserted by philosophers, psychologists and others interested in understanding the distinctive nature of human existence that our lives do, or should, take a narrative form. Over the last few decades there has been a steady and growing focus on this narrative approach within philosophical discussions of personal identity, resulting in a wide range of narrative identity theories. While the narrative approach has shown great promise as a tool for addressing longstanding and intractable problems of personal identity, it has also given rise to much suspicion. Opponents of this approach charge it with overstating or distorting the structure of actual lives.

Existential Philosophy and Psychotherapy Ethics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Noyon ◽  
Thomas Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Existential Philosophy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Authentic Life

This chapter introduces five central concepts of existential philosophy in order to deduce ethical principles for psychotherapy: phenomenology, authenticity, paradoxes, isolation, and freedom vs. destiny. Phenomenological perspectives are useful as a guideline for how to encounter and understand patients in terms of individuality and uniqueness. Existential communication as a means to search and face the truth of one’s existence is considered as a valid basis for an authentic life. Paradoxes that cannot be solved are characteristic for human existence and should be dealt with to turn resignation into active choices. Isolation is one of the “existentials” characterizing human life between two paradox poles: On the one hand we are deeply in need of relationships to other human beings; on the other hand we are thrown into the world alone and will always stay like this, no matter how close we get to another person. Further, addressing freedom and destiny as two extremes of one dimension can serve as a basis for orientation in life and also for dealing with the separation between responsibility and guilt.

scholarly journals Mobilność edukacyjna jako punkt zwrotny w biografii jednostki

1970 ◽  
pp. 289-306
Author(s):  
Marta Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Educational Mobility ◽  
Single Action ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Process ◽  
Different Cultures

The increasing number of migrations is the main quality of modern society. Formerly, migration was a single action of leaving one’s country of origin, aimed at settling in a new place. Nowadays, migration should be described as a mobility that is a repeated change of the country of residence and a temporary stay in a new place. The status of mobility has a huge influence on modifying personal identity through the experience of life in different cultures. The article indicates the reasons for educational mobility and its consequences for personal biography. The change of self-definitions influences the further personal process of life.

scholarly journals In Shadows and Darkness: being authentic in Céline and Hillman (“intimité des choses” and “pathologizing” )

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Cláudio Cledson Novaes ◽  
Aleš Vrbata
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Modern Project ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Deep Interest ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

Aim of this paper is to demonstrate a proximity or even complementarity between James Hillman’s and Louis-Ferdinand Céline’s vision of  human soul and human condition. Even though their cultural and intellectual context differed significantly and they both used very different forms of expression, they repeatedly invoked intimate dimension of human existence as permeated by somehow pathological, peripherial or dark aspects of being. Nevertheless, both of them shared deep interest in bottom-line dimension of being which they called “soul” and which they linked with death, darkness, weakness and which they associated with  socially disapproved ways of being. Even though Hillman could be labeled as reformist and Céline as nihilist, for both of them modern society and its programming cut modern man off his deeper sense of meaningfulness or as Céline puts it in from “intimité des choses”. Questioning intellectual legacy of Enlightenment, both Céline and Hillman find soul of modern man as pathologized and threatened but at the same time as the very source of meaningfulness. Like that Hillman and Céline can be viewed not just as cultural critics but as actively deconstructing, questioning modern project and modern subjectivity

scholarly journals ANEKA RAGAM SPIRITUALITAS DALAM KEBUDAYAAN KONTEMPORER

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngainun Naim
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Point ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
New Religion

Spiritualism is an inseparable part of human existence. The reduction of this dimension will effect negatively for human existence. This causes the emergence of new phenomenon, or even culture, in the life of modern society. The phenomenon is the increase of their interest in spiritualism. Even though, spiritualism in this context is not always identical with religion. Even, this phenomenon cannot be separated from capitalism. Therefore, the spiritualism that develops recently has various forms, that is, (1) Spiritualism Secularization, (2) Spiritualism Immanence, (3) Spiritualism Libidinalisation, (4) Schizo-spiritualism, (5) Hybrid-spiritualism, and (6) Techno-spiritualism. Furthermore, there is also another expression of spiritualism, that is, the emergence of new religion or quasi-religion movement. The emergence of this movement is influenced by the effort to release from religious countercultures. Other manifestation of this spiritualism is in the form of fundamentalism movement. In extreme point, this movement can be seen from the emergence of extreme cult, such as those that teach tragic way of death.

scholarly journals The Heideggerian critique of Kant’s moral subject

KÜLÖNBSÉG ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Moral Subject ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physical Features

The paper discusses Kant’s concept of the subject through Heideger’s critique. Heidegger deconstructs the structure of Kant’s idea of personal identity as the moral subject. In the 13th paragraph of The Basic Problems of Phenomenology (1927), Heidegger distinguishes three basic aspects of Kant’s idea of the self: the personalitas transcendentalis, the personalitas psychologica, and the personalitas moralis. The personalitas moralis is defined as the sphere of pure morality, the intelligible realm of freedom. This is an aspect of the individual beyond physical features and also beyond the determinism of laws of nature. The causality by freedom forms the basis of practical actions ordered by moral law. Therefore, it acts as the highest level determinism of Being in human existence. Heidegger’s conclusion shows Kant’s failure in delineating a functional model of the moral subject but accepts Kant’s contribution to laying the foundations of such a theory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document