Isolation, Antibiogram and Molecular Detection of Mannheimia and Pasteurella Associated with Pneumonia in Sheep in Al-Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia

Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a common and economically important type of ovine pneumonia. No previous study about the disease in Al Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the association rate of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida with pneumonia in sheep and to update data about their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. A total of 100 samples (57 nasal swabs and 43 lung tissues) were collected from diseased and animals suspected to have died of pneumonia. Samples were subjected to bacteriological examination, biochemical identification of isolates by VITEK2 system, direct molecular identification by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and antibiotic sensitivity testing of isolates. The results showed an overall detection rate of 31% for M. haemolytica (25%) and P. multocida (6%). Only 6% isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 as M. haemolytica, with probability reached 99%. While, direct molecular method revealed that 20.2% samples were positive for M. haemolytica and 6.4% for P. multocida specific 16S rRNA genes. M. haemolytica isolates were found sensitive to oxytetracycline, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and tigecycline, in order. While, they were found completely resistant to cloxacillin, streptomycin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. In conclusion, the detection rate of M. haemolytica emphasized its role as a major cause of ovine pneumonia. Besides, our results invigorated the role of direct molecular detection and recommend it for laboratory differential diagnosis. The isolates were resistant to limited antimicrobial agents, nevertheless, the antimicrobial susceptibility test is important for proper treatment.

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Diagnostics of main bacterial agents of porcine respiratory diseases complex (PRDC) using PCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5672-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 35-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. Holko ◽

J. Urbanova ◽

THolkova ◽

V. Kmet

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Pcr Method ◽

One Year ◽

Porcine Respiratory

The main goal of our work is the presentation and analysis of incidence of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) regarding bacterial agents in the territory of northern districts of Slovakia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and other secondary bacterial causative pathogens of PRDC comprised 75.2% of all cases (98) with clinical signs of respiratory infections that we examined in the course of one year. We present also one of possibilities to the solution of problematic detection of M. hyopneumoniae which is, like the whole rank of mycoplasmas, very difficult to cultivate. This problem was solved by using the PCR method with the direct isolation of M. hyopneumoniae from lungs tissue. In antibiotic sensitivity testing of Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae resulted enrofloxacin as the most effective antibiotics in the therapy of PRDC regarding bacterial agents.in above mentioned territory.

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Prevalence and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant genes (qnrA and qnrS) in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broiler chickens

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2018.1720-1724 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1720-1724 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shahin Mahmud ◽

K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir ◽

Md. Tanvir Rahman

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

E Coli ◽

Pcr Targeting ◽

Apparently Healthy

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli carrying qnrA and qnrS genes in healthy broiler chickens in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, and also to identify the genes responsible for such resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 65 cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy chickens of 0-14 days (n=23) and 15-35 days (n=42) old. The samples were cultured onto Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, and the isolation and identification of the E. coli were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting E. coli 16S rRNA genes. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against five commonly used antibiotics under fluoroquinolone (quinolone) group, namely gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin by disk diffusion method. Detection of qnrA and qnrS genes was performed by PCR. Results: Among the 65 cloacal samples, 54 (83.08%) were found to be positive for E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that, of these 54 isolates, 18 (33.33%) were found to be resistant to at least one fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The highest resistance was observed against pefloxacin (61.11%). By PCR, of 18 E. coli resistant to fluoroquinolone, 13 (72.22%) were found to be positive for the presence of qnrS. None of the isolates were found positive for qnrA. Conclusion: Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli harboring qnrS genes is highly prevalent in apparently healthy broiler chickens and possesses a potential threat to human health.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from sheep and pigs in Spain – Short communication

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2019.048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 489-498

Author(s):

Dolores Cid ◽

José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal ◽

Chris Pinto ◽

Lucas Domínguez ◽

Ana Isabel Vela

Keyword(s):

High Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Empirical Therapy ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Low Levels ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Farming Industry ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Pasteurella multocida is responsible for economically important diseases in sheep and pigs. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies are essential for initiating rational and effective empirical therapy of P. multocida infections. In this study we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents of 156 clinical isolates of P. multocida from sheep (n = 87) and pigs (n = 69) using the microdilution method. Both sheep and pig isolates exhibited low levels of resistance (≤ 15%) to ceftiofur, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, chlortetracycline, tulathromycin, florfenicol, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, high resistance rates (> 15% up to 50%) to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and tiamulin, and very high resistance rates (> 50%) to tylosin tartrate, clindamycin, and sulphadimethoxine. However, sheep isolates exhibited significantly lower percentages of resistance and lower MIC90 values (P < 0.05) than pig isolates for most of the antimicrobials tested. In addition, sheep isolates exhibited also significantly lower phenotypic antimicrobial resistance diversity (8 resistotypes vs. 30 resistotypes). LAC-LIN-SUL-MAC was the resistotype most frequently detected in sheep (39.1%) and LIN-SUL-MAC in pig isolates (26.1%). The differences in susceptibility patterns could be influenced by the lower use of antimicrobials in the small ruminant industry compared with the pig farming industry.

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Urinary tract infection

10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Magnus Grabe ◽

Björn Wullt

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Recommended Treatment ◽

Tract Infections

Infections of the urinary tract are among the most frequent infections encountered in the community and hospital environments. They range from harmless self-curing cystitis to severe pyelonephritis with life-threatening sepsis. Urinary tract infections are often recurrent. Host defence is crucial to control the infection but can also be deleterious in terms of scar formation. Early diagnosis, determination of severity, evaluation of possible risk factors, and assumption of possible pathogen are essential aspects to initiate efficient treatment. Urine culture with antibiotic sensitivity testing is the most important tool to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis and direct treatment. Patients with urological disease are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infections, and healthcare-associated urinary infections are observed in approximately 10% of hospitalized urological patients. In view of the worsening resistance pattern of common urinary pathogens against available antimicrobial agents, it is important to comply with recommended treatment regimens.

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MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPP. ISOLATED FROM FRESH FISHES SOLD IN SELECTED UPAZILA MARKETS OF BANGLADESH

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v14i2.31410 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 283-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. K. Seel ◽

S. M. L. Kabir ◽

M. A. Islam

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Health Significance

Aquatic environments are the major reservoirs of Salmonella. Therefore, fishery products have been recognized as a major carrier of food-borne organism. Fish is known to harbor bacteria of public health significance. Aquatic environments are known to influence the bacterial loads in the harvested fish. The present work was undertaken for molecular detection and characterization of Salmonella species isolated from fresh fishes sold in different markets of Jamalpur,Tangail, Kishorganj and Netrokona districts of Bangladesh. The isolates were identified by their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics with standard reference organisms, and molecular methods. Out of 20 pangas fish (Pangasius spp.) samples the number of samples found to be positive for Salmonella spp was 14 (70%); of 20 koi fish (Anabas spp.) samples this number was 17 (85%); and of 20 tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.) samples it was 15 (75%). All the isolates of Salmonella were confirmed by targeting genus specific histidine transport operon gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to know the susceptibility and resistance patterns of the isolates to different antimicrobial agents. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test shows that 40 (86.95%) isolates were found to be resistant to azithromycin, 42 (91.30%) were resistant to erythromycin. On the other hand all isolates were 100% susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, 38 (82.62%) were susceptible to norfloxacin, 40 (86.95%) were susceptible to streptomycin.

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Vancomycin and High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance inEnterococcusspp. in a Tertiary Health Care Centre: A Therapeutic Concern

Journal of Pathogens ◽

10.1155/2016/8262561 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Seema Mittal ◽

Pooja Singla ◽

Antariksha Deep ◽

Kiran Bala ◽

Rama Sikka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Vaginal Swab ◽

Control Measures ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Health Care Centre ◽

High Level

Aims. This study was aimed at knowing the prevalence of vancomycin and high level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococcal strains among clinical samples.Study Design. It was an investigational study.Place and Duration of Study. It was conducted on 100Enterococcusisolates, in the Department of Microbiology, Pt. BDS PGIMS, Rohtak, over a period of six months from July to December 2014.Methodology. Clinical specimens including urine, pus, blood, semen, vaginal swab, and throat swab were processed andEnterococcusisolates were identified by standard protocols. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of enterococci was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results. High level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) was more common in urine samples (41.5%) followed by blood (36%) samples. High level streptomycin resistance (HLSR) was more common in pus samples (52.6%) followed by blood samples (36%). Resistance to vancomycin was maximum in blood isolates.Conclusion. Enterococci resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents have been recognized. Thus, it is crucial for laboratories to provide accurate antimicrobial resistance patterns for enterococci so that effective therapy and infection control measures can be initiated.

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Low genetic diversity among Francisella-like endosymbionts within different genotypes of Hyalomma dromedarii ticks infesting camels in Saudi Arabia

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.1462-1472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1462-1472

Author(s):

Haitham Elbir ◽

Faisal Almathen ◽

Ayman Elnahas

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Population Structure ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽

Low Genetic Diversity

Background and Aim: Hyalomma dromedarii ticks are vectors of disease agents and hosts of Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLEs). Knowledge about intraspecific genetic variation among H. dromedarii and its Francisella species is limited. The aims of this study were to investigate whether certain H. dromedarii genotypes are specialized in carrying specific Francisella species genotypes and scrutinize the population structure of H. dromedarii ticks in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: We collected 151 H. dromedarii ticks from 33 camels from 13 locations in Saudi Arabia. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit-1(COI), and 16S rRNA genes were used for single-and multi-locus sequence typing and phylogenetic analyses. H. dromedarii-borne Francisella was screened using the tul4 gene and 16S rRNA Francisella-specific primers followed by amplicon Sanger sequencing. Results: Single-locus typing of ticks using ITS2, 16S rRNA, and COI genes yielded 1, 10, and 31 sequence types (ST), respectively, with pairwise sequence similarity of 100% for ITS2, 99.18-99.86% for COI, and 99.50-99.75% for 16S rRNA. COI sequence analysis indicated a lack of strict geographical structuration, as ST15 was found in both Saudi Arabia and Kenya. In contrast, multilocus sequence typing resolved 148 H. dromedarii ticks into 39 genotypes of ticks and three genotypes of FLEs. The ST2-FLE genotype was carried by the tick genotype ST35, while the ST1-FLE genotype and 41.89% of the ST3-FLE genotype were carried by the tick genotype ST32. Accordingly, there appeared to be no specialization of certain tick genotypes to harbor-specific FLE genotypes. Conclusion: For the 1st time, we have provided an overview of the population structure of H. dromedarii ticks and FLE strains. We found a low level of genetic diversity among FLEs and non-specialized circulation of FLEs among H. dromedarii ticks.

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MOLECULAR DETECTION AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI (STEC) ISOLATED FROM DIARRHEIC CHILDREN

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v14i2.31411 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 289-295

Author(s):

M. M. Islam ◽

S. Ahamed ◽

M. Y. Arafat ◽

I. Hasan ◽

M. Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

College Hospital ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

This study was designed to determine the shiga toxin producing genes and to investigate antibiotic sensitivity or resistant patterns of the Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic children at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. A total of 83 stool samples were collected and screened for the detection of E. coli on the basis of cultural, staining and biochemical properties followed by molecular detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using genus specific 16SrRNA primers. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of E. coli was determined by disc diffusion method against 9 antimicrobial agents. In this study, 27 (32.53%) out of 83 samples, were confirmed as E. coli. Overall prevalence of shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) among the examined children was 1.20% (n=1/83). Further, 27 E. coli isolates were analyzed for the presence of Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes by duplex-PCR. The STEC isolate was confirmed to be positive for the presence of the Stx-2 gene only. Highest susceptibility of the E. coli isolates was found against Gentamicin (92.59%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (48.14%) and Moxifloxacin (33.33%). More than 77.78% of the isolates were resistant to more than three antibiotics thus defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). In conclusion, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin can be recommended as the effective drugs successful treatment of STEC infections in children.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Porcine Pasteurella multocida Are Not Associated with Its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9090614 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 614

Author(s):

Máximo Petrocchi-Rilo ◽

César-B. Gutiérrez-Martín ◽

Esther Pérez-Fernández ◽

Anna Vilaró ◽

Lorenzo Fraile ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Western Spain

Forty-eight Pasteurella multocida isolates were recovered from porcine pneumonic lungs collected from farms in “Castilla y León” (north-western Spain) in 2017–2019. These isolates were characterized for their minimal inhibition concentrations to twelve antimicrobial agents and for the appearance of eight resistance genes: tetA, tetB, blaROB1, blaTEM, ermA, ermC, mphE and msrE. Relevant resistance percentages were shown against tetracyclines (52.1% for doxycycline, 68.7% for oxytetracycline), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (43.7%) and tiamulin (25.0%), thus suggesting that P. multocida isolates were mostly susceptible to amoxicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, marbofloxacin and macrolides. Overall, 29.2% of isolates were resistant to more than two antimicrobials. The tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) were detected in 22.9% of the isolates, but none were positive to both simultaneously; blaROB1 and blaTEM genes were found in one third of isolates but both genes were detected simultaneously in only one isolate. The ermC gene was observed in 41.7% of isolates, a percentage that decreased to 22.9% for msrE; finally, ermA was harbored by 16.7% and mphE was not found in any of them. Six clusters were established based on hierarchical clustering analysis on antimicrobial susceptibility for the twelve antimicrobials. Generally, it was unable to foresee the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for each family and the association of each particular isolate inside the clusters established from the presence or absence of the resistance genes analyzed.

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Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in cattle from Saudi Arabia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27577/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah D Alanazi ◽

Abdulaziz S Alouffi ◽

Mohammad Yahya Alshahrani ◽

Mohamed S Alyousif ◽

Hend H.A.M. Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Anaplasma Ovis ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Tick Borne Disease ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

23S Rrna Genes

Abstract Background and aim: Babesiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne diseases that affect the health of cattle and may be also responsible for remarkable economic losses. This study aimed to detect the presence of the causative agents of babesiosis and anaplasmosis among cattle in different provinces in Saudi Arabia and to characterise their species genetically. Methodology: A total of 362 blood samples were taken from cattle in four regions (Riyadh, Al-Kharj, Al-Hasa and Al-Qassim) of Saudi Arabia and were molecularly screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of partial 18S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes to detect Babesia and Anaplasma species. Results The overall prevalence of both Babesia and Anaplasma in cattle was 2.49% and 5.80%, respectively. Theileria annulata (T. annulata) and Theileria ovis (T. ovis) were found in seven (1.93%) and two (0.55%) of the 362 samples, respectively. Anaplasma ovis (A. ovis) was detected in 21 (5.80%) of 362 samples. Likewise, four of the cattle were found to be co-infected with more than one pathogen (1.10%). All cattle samples tested negative for other species of Babesia, Theileria and Anaplasma. Conclusion The presence of T. ovis and A. ovis has been herein reported in Saudi Arabia. The presence of two novel genotypes of T. annulata is also reported in Saudi Arabian cattle. Further molecular surveys on larger numbers of samples from the entire country are needed in order to address correctly the prevalence and geographical distribution of the tick-borne disease.

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