scholarly journals Diet Diversity and Dietary Overlap of Two Sympatric Vulture Species in Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Bearded Vulture ◽  
Frequency Occurrence ◽  
Himalayan Species

Bird species that use similar resources are expected to use variant foraging approaches and segregate in order to minimize a possible competition among them. However, if they fail to attain this exclusion, competition results. We studied the diet composition and dietary overlap between two sympatric vulture species: Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis) and Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), the two important avian scavengers of Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary of Kashmir Himalaya. Analysis of pellets collected from feeding and roosting sites of these vulture species revealed a significant variation in their food consumption with Himalayan species consuming mostly larger dead mammalian species with higher frequency occurrence of 66.66% of Bubalus bubalus and bearded species the smaller dead mammalian ones with highest frequency occurrence of Ovis aries (83.82%). Diet spectrum of Himalayan vulture was more diverse (H’=1.97) than that of Bearded vulture (H’=1.64). The values of Berger-Parker index (Pimax) follows the reverse order of diversity with Pimax=36.2% for Himalayan vulture and Pimax =48.7% for Bearded vulture. There was very low dietary overlap between the two species (Ojk=0.466; C=0.457) which may favor their co-existence. The management of carrions of livestock and setting up of vulture restaurants is the need of the hour for the conservation of these scavenging birds which are facing high risk of extinction in Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary.

Diet of the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) in Slovakia

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Dravecký ◽  
Štefan Danko ◽  
Ján Obuch ◽  
Ján Kicko ◽  
Boris Maderič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Mustela Nivalis ◽  
Aquila Pomarina

Diet of the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) in Slovakia In the period 1964-2007, data on 1472 ex. of prey was acquired from whole Slovakia. It was confirmed that the location of the breeding population on the foothills and mountains of the Carpathian Arc has a cardinal contribution to diet diversity. The breeding sites and hunting-grounds were found from 100 to 1 000 meters above sea level. The dominant part of the diet created mammalian species (88.11 %, 19 species and Sorex sp., Apodemus sp., undetermined Artiodactyla). Birds were less represented but with higher diversity of species (6.25 %, 24 species and Columba sp., undetermined Passeriformes). In comparison with birds, the share of Amphibia, Reptilia and Pisces together (4.89 %, 5 species and Rana sp., Lacerta sp., undetermined Serpentes and Reptilia) was lower. Pisces constituted only 0.007 % with 1 ex. of prey species Cyprinus carpio. Evertebrata constituted 0.75 % and species from orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera were found. The dominant prey of A. pomarina in Slovakia was Microtus arvalis (69.57 %), followed by Arvicola terrestris (5.16 %) and Microtus agrestis (3.94 %) constituting significantly lower proportion. These three species from the category small rodents composed 75.67 % of diet. Less abundant species in range 2.24-1.00 % were Talpa europaea (2.31 %), Rana temporaria (2.24 %), Cricetus cricetus (1.70 %), Phasianus colchicus (1.15 %), and Lepus europaeus (1.09 %). In lesser extent (1.0-0.5 %) also other mammalian species such as Apodemus flavicollis (0.88 %) and Mustela nivalis (0.88 %) were represented. The most frequently encountered birds were Galliformes such as P. colchicus (1.15 %), Gallus gallus domesticus (0.48 %), and Coturnix coturnix (0.54 %). Other more abundant prey bird species were Alauda arvensis (0.48 %), Columba sp. (0.48 %), and Crex crex (0.34 %). From the class Reptilia relatively high share of Anguis fragilis (0.95 %) and Lacerta sp. (0.68 %; most probably Lacerta agilis) were recorded. Other species with representation lower than 0.3 % were a random prey of A. pomarina.

Ethnobiological knowledge and socio-biodiversity value among Kutia-Kandha tribe of Odisha, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajan S K
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Medicinal Purpose ◽  
Therapeutic Purpose ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Alternate Source

A study on the socio-biodiversity was conducted in Kotagarh Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS) and nearby areas of Odisha, where the population of Kutia-Kandha tribe is dominant. It was found that, forest has provided tribes with enough materials traditional used for therapeutic purpose. Information from secondary sources by interviews were conducted in eight villages surrounding Kotagarh Wildlife Sanctuary, in which 34 males, 22 females in the age group of 35 -75 and 8 therapeutic practitioners of Kutia-Kandha tribe of Odisha were consulted. The tribes reported 54 different diseases, cured from 52 plant species belonging to 51 genera and 32 families, which are used for ethnomedicinal practices. The Fabaceae found to be the dominant family among plants used for medicinal purpose, whereas for ethnozoological use, a total of 8 mammalian species were used for curing 17 different diseases, most of them are either threatened or endangered species. This paper narrates the enthnobiology and socio-biodiversity aspects of Kutia-Kandha community of Odisha, along with suggestions for alternate source of medicines for the Kutia-Kandha, to reduce dependency on forest produce and reduce hunting of wildlife.

scholarly journals Avifaunal diversity in the scrub forest of Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 10679
Author(s):  
Sumant Mali ◽  
Chelmala Srinivasulu ◽  
Asad R. Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Scrub Forests ◽  
Scrub Forest

A total of 115 bird species belonging to 47 families were recorded in the scrub forests of the Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India in a survey carried out from May 2014 to April 2015.  Of these, 107 species were resident and nine species were resident migrants. The scrub forests of peninsular India are equally important as other habitats for avifaunal assemblages.

scholarly journals Diet composition of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and badger (Meles meles) in Czech Republic

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Hana Šuláková
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Frequency Occurrence

Diets of the raccoon dog and badger were studied in the Landscape Protected Area (LPA) Litovelské Pomoraví from 2000 to 2001 by collecting faeces from latrines during March – December every year. The relative volume and frequency occurrence of each food item in the feaces were calculated. Vertebrates and invertebrates constituted the bulk of the raccoon dog diet, while plants and invertebrates were most frequently eaten by the badger. Insecta and Rodentia were important to the raccoon dog, but it also consumed other food items. The raccoon dog was more omnivorous that the badger. Badger fed very frequently on plant material, raccoon dog, instead, frequently ate insects, especially beetles. In conclusion, the diet of the raccoon dog overlaps largely with that of badger, and some competition for food may occur between these species in the LPA Litovelské Pomoraví; however, their preferred food sources differ to some extent, which helps them to avoid competition.

Food habits and dietary overlap of perlid stoneflies (Plecoptera) in a tributary of Lake Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2030-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Similar Formula

Food habit studies were conducted on the nymphs of three species of sympatric perlid stoneflies from May to September 1979 in Orwell Brook, New York. A total of 1106 specimens were examined, which included 744 Phasganophora capitata, 251 Paragnetina immarginata, and 111 Acroneuria abnormis. Chironomids, trichopterans, and ephemeropterans were generally the principal, prey of all three species. Using Horn's measure of overlap, the monthly diets of P. immarginata and P. capitata were most similar [Formula: see text] and the diets of A. abnormis and P. immarginata[Formula: see text] least similar. Diel trends in food consumption during July indicated that the feeding intensity of both P. immarginata and P. capitata was the greatest from 2100 to 0500 hours. Examination of the guts of P. immarginata and P. capitata at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period showed that there was considerable variation in the diel diet composition of these species.

Potential competition between two top-order predators following a dramatic contraction in the diversity of their prey base

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raylene Cooke ◽  
Rohan Bilney ◽  
John White
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Potential Competition ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Potential Resource

AbstractTwo sympatric native top-order predators, the sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa) and powerful owl (Ninox strenua) coexist throughout much of their range in south-eastern Australia. Following European settlement, however, major changes in resource availability for these predators potentially resulted in increased competition, especially for food. This study examined ecological attributes of both species, including intersexual differences in the sooty owl, potential resource partitioning and whether competition may be occurring. Dietary overlap was high between female sooty owls and powerful owls (0.90), compared to overlap between male sooty owls and powerful owls (0.67), with three mammalian species contributing over 74% of their diets. Sooty and powerful owls coexisted throughout the study region, regularly roosting within the same vegetation types, and in similar locations, although microhabitat differences were apparent. Sooty owls displayed aseasonal breeding, although a peak in fledging in spring coincided with powerful owl breeding. Both species exclusively nested in similar size mountain grey gums (Eucalyptus cypellocarpa), however, hollow characteristics differed slightly. Significant divergence along a single niche dimension was not detected between powerful and sooty owls, as they had similar diets, habitat usage and activity times, potentially resulting in competition. Reproductive output was low for both species, however, the degree to which competitive interactions influenced this remains unknown. To minimise potential competition, longterm feral predator control and improved habitat management is recommended to increase the density and diversity of small terrestrial mammals, as this should result in diversification of the sooty owl diet, reducing dietary overlap with powerful owls.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a prepared tissue culture-adapted vaccine against Chlamydia psittaci experimentally in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2546-2554
Author(s):  
J. El-Jakee ◽  
Mahmoud D. El-Hariri ◽  
Mona A. El-Shabrawy ◽  
Afaf A. Khedr ◽  
Riham H. Hedia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Background and Aim: Chlamydia psittaci is an intracellular pathogen with a broad range of hosts and endemic in nearly all bird species as well as many mammalian species. Outbreaks contribute to economic losses, especially due to infection of pet birds, poultry, and livestock. Worse, the organism has a zoonotic effect, and transmission to humans results in severe illness. Therefore, proper control measures need to be applied. We conducted a trial for the preparation and evaluation of inactivated vaccine against C. psittaci. Materials and Methods: Three C. psittaci strains (accession nos.: KP942827, KP942828, and KP942829) were grown in embryonated chicken eggs and then propagated for purification in Vero cells. The immunization experiment was experimentally performed in mice, which then were challenged with a virulent C. psittaci strain. Results: The immunization trial revealed nearly 100% protection after the challenge. The histopathological and immunofluorescence examinations of internal organs revealed that the prepared killed vaccines can effectively reduce chlamydial infection and shedding in animals with the proper level of protection. Conclusion: Our vaccine can be used to control economic and financial losses resulting from avian chlamydiosis, especially those in poultry industries. The zoonotic transmission risk highlights the need for proper control measures.

scholarly journals Change in diet of the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) suggests decline in biodiversity in Wadi Al Makhrour, Bethlehem Governorate, Palestinian Territories

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhair S. Amr ◽  
Elias N. Handal ◽  
Faysal Bibi ◽  
Mohammad H. Najajrah ◽  
Mazin B. Qumsiyeh
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bubo Bubo ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Eagle Owl ◽  
Meriones Tristrami

Abstract The diet of the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) was studied in Wadi Al Makhrour, Bethlehem, Palestinian Territories in 2015 with fresh and several year old pellets. Three species of arthropods, one reptile species, at least four bird species, and six species of mammals were recovered from the studied pellets. Black rat (Rattus rattus) was the most common prey (37.0%), followed by the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) (29.4%) and birds (21.8%). Comparison of recent and older pellets showed change in diet composition. Recent pellets contained more Rattus rattus compared to older ones. Older pellets included more naturally-occurring species such as Meriones tristrami, Microtus guentheri, and Rousettus aegyptiacus, which were absent in newer pellets.

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