scholarly journals “Childhood Obesity its Factors, Complications and Impact on Overall Health in Children”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asma Saghir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Family Influences ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Obesity And Overweight

Childhood, overweight and obesity are increasingly significant problems, and ones that are likely to endure and to have long term adverse influences on the health of individuals and populations unless action is taken to reverse the trend. A number of factors have been suggested as contributing to the development of childhood obesity. These include genetic factors, decreasing levels of physical activity, increased time spent in sedentary behavior and changes in diet. In addition, lifestyle factors, including family influences, changes in society and media advertising, have been associated with the increasing incidence of obesity and overweight in childhood. To address the problem, health care professionals should incorporate appropriate screening in their child practice. Comprehensive assessment of children who are, or who are at risk of becoming, obese is also necessary

scholarly journals Estado nutricional de una población escolar en España y su relación con hábitos de alimentación y actividad física

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Cano Martín ◽  
Jaime González González ◽  
Alicia Mohedano Moriano ◽  
Antonio Viñuela ◽  
Juan José Criado-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Zone

La obesidad infantil ha incrementado su prevalencia en España, y aunque se considera un problema multifactorial, es atribuible principalmente al aumento de la ingesta y la disminución de la actividad física por un ocio sedentario mayor. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en la Zona Básica de Salud (ZBS) de Menasalbas (Toledo, España), y la influencia de los hábitos alimentarios, de actividad física y deporte, y de ocio sedentario. Se realizó un estudio transversal en la población escolarizada de 3 a 12 años de la ZBS de Menasalbas, tomando medidas de peso y talla a 725 menores, calculando su IMC y clasificando su estado ponderal según las tablas de Cole. También se recogieron datos referentes a sus hábitos alimentarios y cuestionario Kidmed de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, y hábitos de actividad física y ocio sedentario, para estudiar su relación con el estado ponderal de los menores. La prevalencia de sobrecarga ponderal (suma de prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad) fue del 24,9%, con un 18,8% de sobrepeso y un 6,1% de obesidad, sin diferencias por edad y sexo. No se observaron diferencias respecto a los hábitos alimentarios, pero si una menor actividad física y un mayor ocio sedentario en aquellos con sobrecarga ponderal. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en nuestra población es elevada, aunque menor a las de otros trabajos. La alimentación, la actividad física y el ocio sedentario influenciaron el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en este estudio. Childhood obesity has increased its prevalence in Spain, and although it´s considered a multifactorial problem, it is mainly attributable to increased intake and decreased physical activity due to increased sedentary leisure. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of overweight and childhood obesity in the Basic Health Zone (ZBS) of Menasalbas (Toledo, Spain), and the influence of eating habits, physical activity and sport, and sedentary entertainment. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the school children of 3 to 12 years of age in the ZBS of Menasalbas, taking weight and height measurements for 725 minors, calculating their BMI and classifying their weight status according to Cole´s tables. Data regarding their eating habits and Kidmed questionnaire of adherence to the mediterranean diet, physical activity habits and sedentary leisure habits were also collected, to study its relationship with the weigh status of minors. The prevalence of weight overload (understood as the sum of the prevalence of overweight and obesity) was 24.9% , with 18.8% overweight and 6.1% of obesity, with no differences by age and sex. No differences were observed regarding eating habits, but less physical activity and a more sedentary leisure in those with weight overload was observed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in our population is high, although lower than reported in other works. Diet, physical activity and sedentary leisure are confirmed as fundamental aspects in childhood overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Multicomponent Interventions to Treat Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Extremely Cold Climates: A Systematic Review of a Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3098
Author(s):  
Javier Albornoz-Guerrero ◽  
Sonia García ◽  
Guillermo García Pérez de Sevilla ◽  
Igor Cigarroa ◽  
Rafael Zapata-Lamana
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

Aim: To analyze the characteristics of multicomponent interventions to reduce childhood overweight and obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. MEDLINE, PsycNet, SciELO, and grey literature databases were reviewed in the period between 2010 and 2020. Results: 29 articles were included (n = 4434 participants; 9.3 years; 56% women) with an average adherence of 86%, 100% being the highest adherence, for the physical activity and nutrition interventions. The primary variables studied were BMI, BMI Z-score BMI-SDS and, additionally, the secondary variables studied were nutritional status and physical and mental health. In 72% of the interventions presented, positive effects were seen on the reduction of BMI, including in parents and their children. The interventions were carried out mainly by nutritionists in health centers. The duration of the 29 interventions was ≤6 months and ≥12 months, in 59% and 41% of the studies, respectively. 57% of the studies reported post-intervention results. 86% of the interventions included a physical activity component, 80% included a nutrition component, 66% included a behavioral therapy component and 55% included an education component. Concerning the effects of the intervention on the primary outcome, in interventions with a duration equal to or less than six months, the most effective interventions included recreational activities, education, and nutritional programs. In interventions lasting 12 months or more, the most effective interventions included physical activity recommendations, nutritional and physical exercise programs, and cooking classes. Conclusions: This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of, and characterized, multicomponent interventions lasting for 6 and 12 months, aiming to treat childhood obesity in extremely cold climates. The most frequently used units of measurement were also analyzed and summarized. Evidence derived from RCT. These results can be useful for designing future interventions to treat childhood obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate.

scholarly journals Children and adolescents’ obesity is the 21st century health problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
O V Bocharova ◽  
E D Teplyakova
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Obesity In Children

The article presents a literature review which devotes to one of the major issues of healthcare today obesity in children and adolescents. The consequences of childhood obesity, methods of determination and pathophysiology of obesity are described in detail. It was considered the influence of genetic factors in the formation of obesity, the effect of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity. The literature search was carried out in the databases of NCBI, PubMed, PubMed Central, eLIBRARY.ru, etc. Obesity in children and adolescents is one of the most important issues for people from most countries in today's world. Worldwide, the prevalence of this pathology has increased over the past three decades. Obesity in children and adolescents is a complex, multifactorial disease in which genetic and non-genetic factors can be identified. Although the vast majority of childhood obesity incidents are exogenous, a small proportion may have endogenous causes. Currently, particular importance is attached to the study of hereditary predictors of obesity and its main complications. Being a complex and inherited trait (disease), obesity is a consequence of the interaction of genetic predisposition, epigenetics, metagenomics, and the environment. Also, recent experimental and clinical data show the importance of intestinal microbiota, which can cause overweight and obesity in some patients. Molecular genetic studies have confirmed changes in intestinal biocenosis with developing obesity in children and adolescents. Obesity, which began in childhood, causes short-term and long-term adverse effects on physical and psychosocial health and largely becomes a risk factor for the development of various metabolic disorders and cardiovascular pathology. Understanding the multifactorial mechanisms involved in the formation of obesity in children and adolescents provides opportunities for the early prevention of obesity and its complications.

scholarly journals Is visceral obesity the cause of obesity paradox?

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria A. Borodkina ◽  
Olga V. Gruzdeva ◽  
Ludmila V. Kvitkova ◽  
Olga L. Barbarash
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Obesity is one of the 10 risk factors of death. Many epidemiological studies have shown that overweight and obesity are associated with 44% cases of diabetes type 2, and 23% of cases of coronary heart disease. The body mass index (BMI) is traditionally a diagnostic marker of obesity and overweight are considered. However, in the last 15 years, there has been work on the «paradox» of obesity. So the obese long-term prognosis and stroke are more favorable than individuals without excess weight and obesity. A deeper analysis of the data showed that the highest risk of developing cardiovascular disease and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism associated with visceral obesity. This is largely due to metabolic disorders occurring on the background of visceral obesity, such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, an imbalance of adipokines and markers of inflammation. These changes in individuals with visceral obesity can occur regardless of the value of BMI.

scholarly journals Evolution of the School Breakfast Program in Northwest Mexico Evaluated in the Period 1996 to 2018 (P16-034-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grijalva-Haro ◽  
Daniela Gonzalez-Valencia ◽  
María Ortéga-Vélez ◽  
Martha Ballesteros-Vásquez ◽  
Gloria Portillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
School Breakfast Program ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
School Breakfast

Abstract Objectives To analyze the evolution of the school breakfast program (SBP) in Sonora, according to the challenges presented during the period 1996–2018. Methods This is an anthology of what has been the SBP in Sonora for twenty-two years. The results of the program (1996–2018) were analyzed and discussed, according to the different stages through which it has been developed, as well as the evaluations that constituted the starting point for the subsequent stages; published in four articles, seven master's theses and technical reports delivered to the National System for Integral Family Development (DIF) -Sonora by researchers from the Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, A.C.) Results Follow-up studies of the SBP in Sonora included dietary evaluations and design of school breakfast menus (SB), impact on micronutrient deficiencies and the presence of overweight and obesity. The evidence showed that SB constitutes a complementary contribution of nutrients in the diet of the participants; it also did not introduce risk factors for children's health such as excessive amounts of saturated fat and cholesterol. The results of the studies on the nutritional status of children include the measurement of cognitive development, the adequacy of the diet, as well as the evaluation of anthropometric indicators, biochemical micronutrient status and cardiovascular risk for overweight and obesity, finally the inclusion of nutritional education through the implementation of programs to promote water consumption, practice of physical activity and healthy eating. The monitoring and evaluation of the SBP has allowed changes consistent with the needs of children and does not constitute a risk for the development of childhood obesity. In addition, for the benefits presented in the program such as the implementation process, sustainability, institutionalization, participation of parents and the school community and good adherence to the program has been managed to evaluate nutritional education in school and home contexts to achieve sustainable changes in dietary practices and physical activity. Conclusions The process of monitoring the program allows an adequate organizational environment for the implementation of a nutritional education program leading to the prevention of childhood obesity. The next challenge is to ensure the institutionalization of nutritional education within the SBP in Sonora. Funding Sources Sistema Integral para el Desarrollo de la Familia, DIF Sonora.

scholarly journals Significant Decrease in Childhood Obesity and Waist Circumference over 15 Years in Switzerland: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Isabelle Herter-Aeberli ◽  
Ester Osuna ◽  
Zuzana Sarnovská ◽  
Michael B. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Parental Factors ◽  
The Past

Despite a global increase in childhood obesity over the past decades, several countries, including Switzerland, have recently reported stabilizing trends. Using national data from school-aged children in Switzerland over the past 16 years, our study aim was to assess changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, central adiposity and predictors of obesity related to lifestyle and parental factors. Nationally representative samples of children aged 6–12 years were studied in 2002 (n = 2493), 2007 (n = 2218), 2012 (n = 2963), and 2017/18 (n = 2279). Height and weight, waist circumference, and multiple skinfold thicknesses were measured. Potential risk factors for overweight and obesity were determined using a self-administered questionnaire in 2017/18, collecting data on diet, physical activity, and parental factors. Prevalence (95% CI) of overweight (incl. obesity) and obesity in 2017/18 was 15.9% (14.4–17.4) and 5.3% (4.5–6.3), respectively. Binary logistic regression revealed a small but significant decrease in the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) since 2002 (OR (95% CI) = 0.988 (0.978–0.997)), while the change in obesity alone was not significant. The most important risk factors for childhood overweight/obesity in 2017/18 were low parental education, non-Swiss origin of the parents, low physical activity of the child, and male sex. In conclusion, we have shown a small but significant declining trend in the childhood overweight/obesity prevalence over the past 15 years in Switzerland. Based on the risk factor analysis, preventive action in schoolchildren might be most effective in boys, migrant populations, and families with lower education, and should emphasize physical activity.

scholarly journals Actividad física realizada por escolares españoles según edad y género (Physical activity carried out by Spanish schoolchildren according to age and gender)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
José Eugenio Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Javier Rico-Díaz ◽  
Pedro Josué Neira-Martín ◽  
Rubén Navarro-Patón
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Health Promotion And Education ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Out Of School

  Estilos de vida poco saludables, asociados a casos de sedentarismo, obesidad y sobrepeso, constituyen un grave problema de salud de la población infantil en España. A pesar de los esfuerzos de organismos como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) por promover programas de promoción y educación para la salud en los colegios, los índices de sobrepeso y obesidad siguen siendo muy elevados en nuestro país. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel de actividad física en escolares españoles de 5º y 6º de educación primaria. Participaron 1009 estudiantes de 10 y 12 años (Medad = 10.85, DE = 0.79), empleando como instrumento para la recogida de datos el Inventario de Actividad Física Habitual para Escolares (IAFHE). Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto del género y la práctica deportiva fuera del colegio (NPFC) (p < .001), la práctica de actividad física durante el recreo (AFDR) (p < .001) y la práctica de actividades sedentarias (PAS) (p < .001); también, respecto de la edad y la AFDR (p = .001). Los niños practican mayor cantidad de actividad física que las niñas dentro y fuera del colegio, pero, en ambos casos, están por debajo de las recomendaciones de la OMS, debiendo reflexionar sobre los hábitos saludables fomentados desde la educación física escolar.  Abstract. Unhealthy lifestyles, associated with cases of sedentary lifestyle, obesity and overweight, constitute a serious health problem for children in Spain. Despite the efforts of organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), to promote health promotion and education programs in schools, rates of overweight and obesity remain very high in our country. The objective of this study was to determine the level of physical activity in Spanish students of 5th and 6th grade of primary education. A total of 1009 students of 10 and 12 years old (Mage = 10.85, DE = 0.79), responded the Inventory of Habitual Physical Activity for Schoolchildren (IAFHE), used as the instrument for data collection. The results show statistically significant differences by gender and out-of-school sports practice (NPOS) (p < .001), physical activity during recess (PADR) (p < .001) and sedentary activities (PSA) (p < .001); by age and PADR as well (p = .001). Boys practice more physical activity than girls in and out of school, but, in both cases, they are below WHO recommendations, which should arouse a reflection on healthy habits promoted through school physical education.

scholarly journals Parental Adherence to Ideal Cardiovascular Health Status Was Associated With a Substantially Lower Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Their Offspring Aged 6–18 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Li ◽  
Di Gao ◽  
Zhaogeng Yang ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Manman Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Overweight

Background: Parental health status had a potential influence on offspring health. This study aimed to investigate the separate associations between paternal and maternal cardiovascular health statuses and the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the offspring.Methods: Data were from a cross-sectional study conducted in seven provinces or cities of China in 2013. A total of 29,317 children aged 6–18 years old and their parents, making up 9,585 father-offspring pairs and 19,732 mother-offspring pairs, were included in the final analysis. Information on parental cardiovascular health status factors (dietary behaviors, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) was obtained from the structured self-administrated questionnaires. Based on the health status factors, we then generated an ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) score. The overweight and obesity of children were defined using age- and sex-specific cutoffs based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria. A multilevel log-binomial regression model was used to assess the association between parental cardiovascular health status and prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the offspring.Results: The prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity was 22.0% in the father-offspring subset and 23.8% in the mother-offspring subset, respectively. Fathers with ideal BMI, non-smoking, and absence of hypertension and diabetes, and mothers with ideal BMI, ideal physical activity, and absence of hypertension and diabetes were found to be associated with lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in the offspring. The prevalence of offspring overweight and obesity was significantly decreased with the parental iCVH scores increased. Each additional increase in paternal and maternal iCVH factor was associated with a 30% and 27% lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in the offspring. Compared with children whose parental iCVH scores ≤ 3, offspring whose fathers or mothers met all six iCVH factors had 67% [prevalence ratio (PR): 0.33, 95%CI: 0.25–0.42] and 58% (PR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.29–0.62) lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively.Conclusions: Parental adherence to iCVH status was associated with a lower prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity in offspring. Our findings support the intervention strategy that parents should involve in the obesity intervention program for children.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors and attitude of parents towards childhood obesity among school children in Bangalore city

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemavathi Dasappa ◽  
Farah Naaz Fathima ◽  
Krithika Ganesh ◽  
Shankar Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
School Children ◽  
Private School ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Parental Attitude ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, risk factor attitude of parents towards obesity and overweight among the school children between the age group of 6-13 years.Methods: A structured questionnaire was filled by the parents and weight and height was measured by school nurse in a private school in Bangalore city.Results: Prevalence of overweight was 13.20% and obesity was 17.13%. Birth weight and sport was strongly associated with the prevalence. Sports protect the child from the overweight and obesity. Parent’s perception about their child’s BMI status was good. Parent’s attitude of having meal with their child and their estimation of child’s physical activity was protective and the attitude of controlling diet of the child was a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Though the parents were able to estimate their child as overweight and obese they were not willing for further advice.Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing. Higher birth weights, parental attitude of controlling child’s diet are the potential risk factors. Involvement in sports, parental attitude of having food with child and awareness about their physical activity are protective. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children of Bhaktapur and Kathmandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Pawana Kayastha ◽  
Binit Vaidya ◽  
Dipesh Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: World Health Organization defines childhood obesity as “one of the most serious public health challenges”. Low income countries like Nepal experience a burden of infectious diseases as well as rising incidence of noncommunicable diseases frequently associated with obesity. There is paucity of information on childhood obesity in Nepal. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in school going children and find its association with blood pressure.Methodology: A school based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 509 children aged between 10-16 years, studying in grade 5-10 of private schools in Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. Simple random sampling technique was used for data collection. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken using standard protocol. Obesity was assessed using Body Mass Index criteria.Results: The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight in children were found to be 1.6% and 6.1% respectively. This study also showed that prevalence of obesity in children from Kathmandu is comparatively more, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). A highly significant relationship was observed for diastolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index (p<0.001) between the two groups.Conclusion: This study concludes that obesity though small in percentage, was found in rising trend when compared with previous data. Also, there was strong association with blood pressure, so timely identification and control of obesity is required for prevention of development of other cardiovascular comorbidities.

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