scholarly journals Influence of agricultural machinery on the potential realization of winter hard wheat yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
A. G. Galayan ◽  
S. N. Medvedko ◽  
A. V. Bondarev ◽  
V. Y. Chundyshko
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Yields

The article is devoted to the problem of choosing agricultural machinery, as productive potential of plants depends on its effective operation. The correct choice of parameters and modes of agricultural machinery is the fundamental paradigm for solving this problem. Grain yield is made up of the integration of agricultural machinery and its genetic potential. It is the optimization of the parameters that contributes to the formation of a full-fledged desired, stable yield. In the field, productivity is influenced by many difficult-to-control factors (weather conditions, agrotechnical characteristics of the equipment, seed resistance, etc.). To optimize the process of increasing the productivity of grain, the selection of seed material, its disinfection, as well as sowing using innovative technologies are required. The multi-criterion task of choosing the optimal modes of machinery and the preliminary selection and analysis of high-yielding grain is facilitated by the Harrington function. The object of the research is seven varieties of hard winter wheat, differentiated by the method of Kazakova and Lysogorenko. In 2020 high yields were obtained from the varieties of Amazonka (8,32 t/ha), Kristella (8,27 t/ha), Yantarina (8,07 t/ha), Yakhont (7,81 t/ha). Further analysis of seed material by embryo morphotypes (EMT), maximum and minimum mass of an individual grain was carried out using the Harrington function. A comprehensive assessment of the grains of major and minor EMT has shown that the high-yielding varieties of Amazonka and Christella have an optimal weight of 1000 grains, contain the minimum number of grains with minor EMT and the maximum number of seeds with the main EMT. A comprehensive assessment of sowing equipment showed that the use of this technique affects the yield. So when sowing wheat with the SPM-360 seeder, the declared yield is reduced by 10–15%.

FEATURES OF THE WINTER WHITE CABBAGE VARIETIES GENERATIVE DEVELOPMENT

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
R. E. Kazakhmedov ◽  
М. А Magomedova
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Selection Tasks ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Yields

One of the modern selection tasks in vegetable growing is quality products improving, obtaining high yields of environmentally safe wide assortment vegetables. To the new varieties of vegetable crops including winter white cabbage are specified new requirements such as market competitiveness, resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, heat resistance of the varieties and F1 hybrids. The article is shown investigation results about studies of exogenous treatment by solutions on the base of physiologically active compounds of hormonal nature on the started process of stem extension stage activation and flowering of winter white cabbage plants. For the first time in the Dagestan conditions has been studied the possibility of hormonal regulation of the premature stem extension stage and flowering prevention of winter white cabbage after the initiation of natural induction. In our studies with an early planting there are not more than 20% of blooming plants, most varieties showed a high propensity to premature stem extension stage and flowering. The possibility of the hormonal exogenous regulation of the unfavorable winter white cabbage flowering has been revealed. The most pronounced effect on the transition to stem extension stage and flowering were provided by auxin nature preparations. In particular, treatment with NAS at a dose of 5 mg / l significantly reduced the number of blossom plants, krezatsin (50 mg / l) had a similar effect, but it was less pronounced. The use of cabbage in winter crops makes it possible to obtain two or three yields per year from the same area. Creation and introduction into production of promising and high-yielding varieties and hybrids will allow increasing production and reducing its cost.

scholarly journals Performance of Strawberry Varieties Developed for Perennial Matted-Row Production in Annual Plasticulture in a Cold Climate Region

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
High Yields

Annual plasticulture production of strawberries promises superior weed control, fruit quality and yields. However, strawberry varieties adapted for perennial, matted-row production and local markets in cold climate regions have not been widely tested for adaptation to an annual production cycle. Productivity of seven short-day varieties developed for matted-row and/or annual production was examined in an annual plasticulture system in two consecutive trials in central NY (lat. 42.87° N, long. 76.99° W) harvested in 2013 and 2014. ‘Flavorfest’ demonstrated good performance in Trial 1 with high yield (390 g/plant) and large fruit size (13.9 g mean berry weight). ‘Jewel’ was shown to be well adapted to the annual plasticulture system with consistently high yields (330 and 390 g/plant) that equaled or surpassed other varieties and had moderate fruit size. ‘Chandler’ performed similarly to previous trials conducted in warmer regions with yield (340 g/plant) and fruit size (9.8 g mean berry weight) similar to ‘Jewel’. ‘Clancy’ yielded less but was consistent from year to year. The late season varieties Seneca and Ovation showed marked variability between years, possibly due to drastically different temperatures during flowering and fruit development in Trial 1 compared to Trial 2. High temperatures in Trial 1 likely caused higher early fruit yield, a compressed season and a precipitous decline in fruit size in the later season, thus reducing yield in the late season. Survival after a second dormant period was poor resulting in a small second harvest and reduced fruit size. Overall, the system demonstrated many of the expected benefits but may be more sensitive to weather conditions in the region. While many varieties developed for matted-row production may work well in an annual plasticulture system, not all varieties are equally adapted. Performance of each variety should be determined independently before large scale adoption by growers.

scholarly journals Influence of soil tillage and weed suppression on winter wheat yield

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Branimir Mikic ◽  
Bojan Stipesevic ◽  
Emilija Raspudic ◽  
Georg Drezner ◽  
Bojana Brozovic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Half Dose ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
High Yields

Modern soil tillage systems based on different tools than mouldboard plough have very often stronger weed occurrence, which can be a serious problem for achieving high yields. An obvious solution for weed suppression is a herbicide, whose improper use can deteriorate environment and lead toward serious ecological problems. In order to investigate the interaction between soil tillage and herbicide, trial was set up in Valpovo in seasons 2008/09 - 2010/11. Two soil tillage systems (CT-conventional tillage, based on mouldboard ploughing, and CH-chiselling and disk harrowing, without ploughing) and five herbicide treatments (NH-control, no herbicides; H10- recommended dose of Herbaflex (2 l ha-1); H05-half dose of Herbaflex; F10- recommended dose of Fox (1.5 l ha-1); and F05-half dose of Fox) were applied to winter wheat crops. Results showed similar effects of soil tillage on the winter wheat yield, whereas different herbicide dosages showed similar weed suppression and influence on winter wheat yield.

Effects of summer and winter annual scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) interference on spring wheat yield

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Douglas ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
G. G. Bowes ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Loss Parameter ◽  
Winter Annuals ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Experimental Plots

The influence of summer and winter annual scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) on the yield of spring wheat in Saskatchewan was determined. In experimental plots, spring wheat was seeded into barley stubble where summer and winter annual scentless chamomile had been established. A rectangular hyperbolic model was used to describe the relationship between wheat yield and the density of flowering scentless chamomile plants. Winter annuals caused more yield reduction than did summer annuals. Weather conditions appeared to have an influence on the effect of scentless chamomile on spring wheat yield. The same model was fitted to sample data from farmers' fields and showed yield losses similar to those on the experimental plots. The rectangular hyperbolic model fitted the data best when high weed densities occurred. At densities more typical of those found in farm fields, the asymptotic yield loss parameter of the model was poorly estimated. Key words: Scentless chamomile, Matricaria perforata, yield loss, weed competition, rectangular hyperbola, spring wheat

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress at anthesis on yield formation in winter wheat  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hlaváčová Marcela ◽  
Klem Karel ◽  
Smutná Pavlína ◽  
Škarpa Petr ◽  
Hlavinka Petr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Yield Formation

Heat stress around anthesis is considered to have an increasing impact on wheat yield under the ongoing climate change. However, the effect of high temperatures and their duration on formation of individual yield parameters is still little understood. Within this study, the effect of high temperatures applied during anthesis for 3 and 7 days on yield formation parameters was analysed. The study was conducted in growth chambers under four temperature regimes (daily temperature maxima 26, 32, 35 and 38°C). In the periods preceding and following heat stress regimes the plants were cultivated under ambient weather conditions. The number of grains per spike was reduced under temperatures ≥ 35°C in cv. Bohemia and ≥ 38°C in cv. Tobak. This resulted in a similar response of spike productivity. Thousand grain weight showed no response to temperature regime in cv. Tobak, whereas in cv. Bohemia, a peak response to temperature with maximum at 35°C was observed. The duration of heat stress had only little effect on most yield formation parameters.  

scholarly journals Features of the formation of spring wheat grain yield in the Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate

The results of the study of five seeding rates (variants) in the cultivation of spring durum wheat Bezenchukskaya Niva with seed treatment with Scenic Combi preparation (1.4 l/t) in order to identify the optimal rate are presented. On ordinary chernozem for 2017-2020 in the arid conditions of the Volga region, it was found out that when growing a crop for winter wheat, a decrease in seeding rates contributed to an increase in the coefficient of total and productive bushiness, the weight of grain from the ear and plant, the number of grains from the ear. On average, over the years of research, the yield of spring wheat grain at seeding rates of 2.0-5.0 million/ha was 2.00-2.22 t / ha. Under favorable weather conditions, the yield advantage was the norm of 4.0-5.0 million/ha by 6.2-37 %, in the acutely arid 2.0-3.0 million / ha by 3.4-16.4 % more, compared to other options. Wheat yield was most affected by the air temperature during the growing season (r=-0.97* to -0.99*). Of the elements of the structure, the maximum conjugacy with the yield at the norms of 1.0-4.0 is noted with the number and weight of grain from the ear and plant, the height of the plants (r=0,97*-1,0**). On average, over the years of research, the highest net income was established on the variants with the norm of 3.0-4.0 million / ha-17100.4-17442.8 rubles / ha, which is 761.9-1704.7 rubles/ha (4.7-10.8 %) more than the variants with the norm of 2.0 and 5.0 million/ha. The maximum level of profitability was revealed at the rate of 1.0 million / ha-194.6 %, which is 9.6-41.3% more than the options with the rate of 2.0-4.0 million / ha. Based on the conducted research, the seeding rate of 2.0-4.0 million/ha is recommended for the cultivation of spring durum wheat for commercial purposes. In the original seed production – 1.0 and 2.0 million/ha, providing a multiplication factor of up to 57.8 kg/kg of grain.

scholarly journals Урожайність та якість зерна пшениці м'якої озимої залежно від мінерального живлення

2013 ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
С. М. Шакалій
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Full Protection

Наведено дані досліджень впливу різних норм мінера-льних добрив на урожайність і вміст білка в зерні пше-ниці м'якої озимої. Встановлено, що внесення добрив має вплив на збільшення врожайності зерна та сприяє збіль-шенню вмісту білка в зерні. За допомогою кореляційного аналізу встановлено тісний зв'язок між урожайністю та вмістом білка в зерні пшениці озимої r=0,80). Уро-жайність пшениці озимої істотно змінюється від по-годних умов веґетаційного періоду й норм мінерального живлення. Найкращі результати спостерігаються за повного захисту рослин + «Басфоліар 36 Екстра». The investigation data of influence of different norms of mineral fertilizers on productivity and protein content in wheat grain mild winter are presented. It is established that the application of fertilizers has an impact on the increase of productivity of grain and contributes to an increase in protein content in grain. Using correlation analysis a close relationship between yield and protein content of winter wheat (r=0,80) is established. Winter wheat yield considerably changes from weather conditions during vegetation period and norms of mineral nutrition. The best results are for the full protection of plants + Basfoliar 36 Extra.

scholarly journals Закономірності формування урожайності насіння проса прутоподібного в умовах Лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
М. І. Кулик ◽  
І. І. Рожко
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Number Of Stems

Акцентовано увагу на необхідності дослідження особливостей формування урожайності насіння проса прутоподібного (світчграсу) для забезпечення виробничих площ достатньою кількістю насіннєвого матеріалу. Здійснено спроуа визначення залежності урожаю насіння від елементів технології вирощування у зв’язку з погодними умовами веґетаційного періоду. Експеримент із вивчення насіннєвої продуктивності світчграсу проведено в умовах Лісостепу з використанням методичних рекомендацій вітчизняних та зарубіжних авторів. За результати дослідження визначено комплексний вплив елементів технології вирощування на фоні контрастних умов веґетації культури на урожайність насіння світчграсу. Встановлено, що на урожайність насіння світчграсу мають вплив погодні умови вирощування (середньодобова температура повітря та кількість опадів) протягом веґетаційного періоду. Найбільша урожайність насіння формується за вирощуванні рослин за ширини міжряддя 60 см, Як ширші, так і вужчі міжряддя зменшують даний показник. Визначено рівнозначний вплив біометричних показників рослин (висоти та кількості стебел) на урожайність насіння світчграсу. При цьому застосування весняного підживлення посівів певною мірою нівелює негативний вплив погодних умов. The article focuses attention on the necessity of studying the peculiarities of the formation of switchgrass yield for providing productive areas with sufficient amount of seed material. An attempt to determine the dependence of yield on the elements of cultivation technology in connection with the weather conditions of the growing season has been made. The experiment on studying seed efficiency of switchgrass was carried out under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe using methodolo-gical recommendations of domestic and foreign authors. The yield of seed was determined by weighing method by weighing the seed material from each variant of the field experiment. In our study we used both general scientific methods (dialectics, experiment, analysis and synthesis) and special ones, among them: laboratory – the determination of quantitative indices of plants (height and density of stems); field – determination of the interaction of the subject with the object of research; calculation-weight – establishment of seed productivity and yield of seeds; mathematical analysis of interconnections and graphical representation of data in the experiment.  Complex influence of the cultivation technology elements during the contrast conditions of crop vegetation upon the switchgrass yield has been established. It has been determined that the weather conditions (average daily air temperature and rainfall) during the growing season influenced on switchgrass yield. The highest seed yield is formed by growing plants at a width of rotation of 60 cm, both wider and narrowed row spacings reduce this figure. The equivalent effect of biometric indices of plants (height and number of stems) on the yield of the seed of the switchgrass is determined. At the same time the application of spring crop yields to some extent offsets the negative effects of weather conditions.  Application of fertilizers in plant cultivation with row spacing of 60 cm – from 0.57 t/ha to 0.72 t/ha has the greatest influence on swithgrass yield. Both increase and decrease of the width of row spacing leads to decrease of  crop yield. Swithgrass yield depends on the height of the plants by 25% under the coefficient of correlation r = 0.51 and by 23% – on the number of stems according to the correlation coefficient r = 0.48.

scholarly journals Elements of Integration in Winter Wheat Protection Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Cecylia Jańczak ◽  
Grażyna Filoda ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

In Poland winter wheat is grown on the area of 1.600.000 ha. Most of the plant protection treatments are being done without thorough analysis of real threats from pests and diseases. The aim of the research is to develop the optimal program of wheat protection against pests and diseases based on integration of various methods of plant protection. Two programs: conventional and integrated were compared. In integrated program the eventual needs and terms of treatments were estimated on the basis of detailed observations of plant infection, pest appearance, their natural enemies and thorough analysis of weather conditions and forecasts. The role of disease resistant wheat varietes and nitrogen fertilizers was also analysed. The research took into account beneficial entomofauna and its influence on pest numbers as well as influence of chemicals used in agriculture on their species. As the result the selective pesticides, safe to beneficial organisms, were selected. The quantity and quality of winter wheat yield was analysed, including protein and gluten contents. The economic effectiveness of various programs of wheat protection against pests and diseases was assessed. The results of research are important both in practical and scientific sense.

scholarly journals Selection of high-yielding varieties and hybrids of pan patty squash, determining their most favorable planting dates

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04024
Author(s):  
Shavkat Durkhodjaev ◽  
Sohibjon Islamov ◽  
Tulganoy Kenjaeva ◽  
Abdulaziz Tojiboyev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the results of research on the cultivation of patty pan squash in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, Planting for different periods and its growth, development, yield, as well as the impact of weather conditions were presented. Squash is a one-year plant of the family of zucchini, mainly shrub, rarely found in the form of a whip. The results showed that average yield of “White-13” control was 16 tons/ha, and it was 17 tons/ha in “Solnyshko”. Furthermore, “NLO White” and “Umberall” had a high yield compared to the other varieties and hybrids, accounted for 15 tons/ha and 15.1 tons/ha, respectively. The highest average temperature during seed germination was found in 16 august, which was 30.3°C, whereas the lowest average temperature was 18.6°C in 1st April. The results showed that 4 days were required to reach 10% of seed germination in the period April 16 and May 1, however, 10% of seed germination in July 1 and 16th took 6 days. Furthermore, the least days for 75% of seed, germination was observed in the period of May 1, accounted for 8 days, and the rest of the period was the same.

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