scholarly journals Phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages in experimental animals exposed to chrosotil– asbestos dust

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Sholpan S. Koygeldinova ◽  
Serik A. Ibrayev ◽  
Lyudmila T. Bazeluk ◽  
Aygul K. Kasymova ◽  
Aisulu Ye. Talaspayeva

Introduction. The exposure to dust, including chrysotile asbestos, is known to lead to the mobilization of alveolar macrophages, accompanied by the activation of free radical oxidation and the release of mediators stimulating fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Material and methods. Thirty outbred male rats were divided into two groups: 1 - control with a period of 4 months (n = 15), the 2-experienced group subjected to 4-month seed with chrysotile asbestos dust (n = 15). Under ether anesthesia, animals of the experimental group once were installed intratracheally in the respiratory tract using a syringe 1.0 ml of the sterile saline solution containing a suspension (50 mg) of chrysotile dust - asbestos. Then, the animals were killed, their bronchial washes, centrifuged, smears from the sediment, were subsequently visualized with a microscope. Fat metabolism was assessed by the content of phospholipids in the cell, according to G.A. Merkulov. Determination of hydroxyproline in the pulmonary homogenate. The statistical differences between the two groups were assessed with the Student’s t-test. Data were expressed as mean ± SE. Probability values of p <0.05 were considered significant. Results. The chronic exposure to chrysotile asbestos dust with a period of 4 months was found to causes a decrease in the activity of phagocytic cells and an increase in the destructive forms of alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar washes, excessive accumulation of phospholipids and an increase in oxyproline. Pneumofibrosis develops due to the cytotoxic and membrane-damaging effect of chrysotile asbestos dust. Conclusion. Thus, chrysotile asbestos dust from the Zhitikarinsky site, attributed to nanoparticles and multicomponent in chemical composition, has a cytotoxic effect, accompanied by activation of phagocytic pulmonary membrane and membrane-destructive changes in cells with accumulation of phospholipids.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Marina Samotrueva ◽  
Anna Yasenyavskaya ◽  
Aleksandra Tsibizova ◽  
Jumazia Erizhepova ◽  
Nikolai Myasoedov ◽  
...  

The experiment is devoted to the study of the antioxidant properties of neuropeptides from melanocortins ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro (Semax) and ACTH(6-9)-ProGly-Pro under conditions of experimental depression. The study was carried out on white outbred male rats. In the process of modeling experimental depression (social stress) inter-male confrontations were observed as a result of which groups of animals with aggressive and submissive behaviors were formed. The free radical oxidation processes were assessed by determining the activity of catalase, the initial content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the rate of spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the hypothalamic and prefrontal regions of the brain by spectrophotometric method. It was found that under the influence of melanocortins, there is a pronounced suppression of the processes of free radical oxidation in the hypothalamic and prefrontal regions of the brain, which arose against the background of a stressful load which is manifested by a decrease in the indicators of the oxidative process.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Anastasiya S. Brichagina ◽  
Mariya I. Dolgikh ◽  
Larisa R. Kolesnikova ◽  
Larisa V. Natyaganova

Various pathologies, in particular hypertension, accompany violation of the processes of free radical oxidation. The state of the system lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection can be assessed only by a complex of biochemical methods. The chemiluminescent method is used to obtain a faster result. The method has a number of advantages: measurement of chemiluminescence parameters is carried out in natural conditions and does not require sample preparation, is highly selective, it can be used to identify the presence of free radical pathology, analysis of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, the effectiveness of treatment with antioxidant medicament. The aim of the research was to study the lipid peroxidation under hypertension and stress by chemiluminescence. The experiment was conducted on male rats of the ISIAH line. The experiment consisted of 2 stages: stage of alarm and stage of chronic stress. We found that, depending on the type of stress, the state of the system lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection differed. The role of stress in violation of the processes of lipoperoxidation in hypertension was established. The efficacy of the chemiluminescence method as an alternative to a complex of biochemical methods is shown. Express assessment of pro- and antioxidant status is possible for patients with hypertension.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Gildikov

The aim of the work was to establish the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Mexidol-Vet® in rats with toxic hepatitis. We have reproduced the toxic hepatitis in sexually mature male rats (n = 90) by a single intragastric injection of carbon tetrachloride. For 30 days, we studied reactivity, variations in blood biochemical parameters, the intensity of iron-induced chemiluminescence of homogenates and histological changes in the liver. The experiment confirmed the antioxidant effect and for the first time established the hepatoprotective effect of Mexidol-Vet®. The use of Mexidol-Vet® in rats with tetrachloromethane hepatitis increases reactivity and adaptive capabilities, correction of carbohydrate (lactate dehydrogenase) and protein metabolism (total protein, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), inhibition of free radical oxidation and the development of oxidative stress.


2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. Y. Perfiliev ◽  
Y. F. Zverev ◽  
A. Y. Zharikov ◽  
D. Y. Lukiyanenko ◽  
I. V. Lysenko ◽  
...  

THE AIM. To assess the effectiveness of selective agonist of PPAR gamma receptors (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor) pioglitazone, as a drug of prevention and treatment of experimental urate nephropathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was conducted on 37 male rats Wistar stock. For the formation of urate nephropathy in rats inhibited uricase by co-administration of uric acid and oxonium. For the prevention and treatment of experimental pathology animals received pioglitazone. On day 21 using biochemical and morphological techniques were evaluated received changes. RESULTS. In the experimental condition were observed significant decrease of urate stones in kidneys, significant decrease of uric acid in blood plasma and urine of rats, increase of the urine pH, increase of glomerular filtration rate and inhibition processes of free radical oxidation in the blood of animals. CONCLUSION. Long-term use of pioglitazone in the preventive and therapeutic modes, significantly improves the experimental urate nephrolithiasis. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
Semen S Mudruk ◽  
Alesya A Bakhta ◽  
Larisa Y Karpenko ◽  
Anna I Kozitcyna ◽  
Anna B Balykina ◽  
...  

Abstract Goat husbandry is a relevant and significant research topic. The goat age is possible to reach 15–18 years and it is important to study not only performance processes, but also to evaluate age-related changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant system characteristics in Saanen goats depending on age. The experiment was conducted in the north-western region of Russian Federation, the Leningrad Region. The five experimental groups included 30 Saanen goats each, selected using matched pairs method. 1st group included 1 year old goats, 2nd group included 2-year-old goats, 3rd group included 3-year-old goats, 4th group included 4-year-old goats and 5th group included 5-year-old animals. The blood samples were taken once –during the summer season. The blood levels of lipid peroxygenation markers (malondialdehyde, dienketone and conjugated dienes) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were assessed by standard methods. Results presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Student’s t-test was used after proving normal distribution. Level of significance is labeled as P &lt; 0.05. The results are displayed in table 1 and 2. After analyzing the received data of antioxidant system characteristics there were revealed high intensity of free-radical oxidation in aged 4–5-year-old goats. This is explained by oxidative stress development. Noticeably that anti-oxidizing enzymes activity was reduced by the age of 5 years – the possible reason for lacking compensation of developed oxidative stress. By the age of 4 activity of anti-oxidizing enzymes was elevated marking the compensation stage of oxidative stress, this elevation is statistically significant. Consequently, these data allow taking into consideration exogenous anti-oxidizing agents administration in 5 years and older goats in order to reduce oxidative stress.


Author(s):  
Ye. O. Loza ◽  
M. I. Marushchak

Introduction. Wound healing according to modern concepts is a coordinated process that passes through certain stages with the participation of different cells and products of its vital functions that regulate the healing process. It is well known that in patients with diabetes there is a violation of the process of wound healing, although until now, all the features of diabetes underlying such an inclination have not been fully understood.The aim of the study – to identify the features of oxidative stress on the background of diabetes mellitus in the rat's homogenate when different methods of closing wounds had been used. Research Methods. The experiment was conducted on 60 male rats weighing 280–320 g, which pre-simulated diabetes mellitus and surgical wounds. To detect the activation of free radical oxidation processes, the content of active forms of oxygen (AFC), lipid hydroperoxides (HPL), diene conjugates (DK) and trienic conjugates (TC) and oxidation modifications of proteins (OMP370 and OMP430). To study the antioxidant defense system, activity of superoxide dismutase was determined. Also, the activity of catalase and sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups) was determined.Results and Discussion. The research conducted by us showed that during the wounded process, on the background of diabetes, the activity of free radical oxidation processes increased. However, in the animal skin homogenates, which are labeled "Dermabond", all indices are significantly lower than in the group of animals that have been sewed over the course of all research periods. In the early stages of scar formation (3 days), an increase in the activity of the antioxidant defense system in both groups was observed. At the same time, in the experimental group of animals, which imposed the nodal seams, the activity of SOD and catalase significantly exceeded the skin index of animals, which applied glue and made (199.81±7.59) UM and (175.02±8.31) cat/kg, respectively.Conclusion. The use of skin glue reduces the intensity of the course of free radical oxidation in the cells of the scar tissue of the postoperative wound in conditions of diabetes mellitus in comparison with the imposition of nodal sutures on it: in the skin of animals, which is applied to the "Dermabond" glue, all indicators are significantly lower than in the group of animals, which imposed seam joints, throughout all research periods. 


Author(s):  
Г.А. Байбурина ◽  
Е.А. Нургалеева ◽  
А.Ф. Самигуллина ◽  
Э.Ф. Аглетдинов

Цель исследования - изучение особенностей динамики показателей свободнорадикального окисления и уровня кортикостероидных рецепторов в легких у животных с разной чувствительностью к гипоксии в постреанимационном периоде. Методика. Эксперимент выполнен на самцах беспородных белых крыс, разделенных по устойчивости к гипоксии на 2 группы: неустойчивые и высокоустойчивые. Остановку системного кровообращения продолжительностью 5 мин моделировали под общим эфирным наркозом (через 1 нед после тестирования на устойчивость к гипоксии) интраторакальным пережатием сосудистого пучка сердца с последующей реанимацией. Через 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 и 35 сут животных под эфирным наркозом декапитировали. В плазме крови определяли содержание кортикостерона и альдостерона, в гомогенатах легких - концентрацию глюкокортикоидных и минералокортикоидных рецепторов, уровни продуктов, реагирующих с тиобарбитуровой кислотой, карбонилированных белков, железозависимое образование битирозина, активность супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы, содержание восстановленного глутатиона. Результаты. Установлено, что для неустойчивых к гипоксии животных характерна высокая интенсивность свободнорадикального окисления, проявляющаяся развитием карбонильного стресса на фоне снижения активности ключевых антиоксидантов и сопряженная с выраженными изменениями динамики кортикостероидных рецепторов: в первые 3 сут постреанимационного периода наблюдалось снижение уровня кортикостероидных рецепторов, а к концу 35-суточного мониторинга значительное нарастание концентрации минералокортикоидных рецепторов. Высокую степень устойчивости к гипоксии отличает относительно низкая интенсивность свободнорадикального окисления, характеризующаяся только усилением липопероксидации за счет адекватной емкости и сохранности водорастворимых антиоксидантных систем, экранирующих белки. В раннем восстановительном периоде это сопровождается сохранением уровня кортикостероидных рецепторов, в позднем - существенным ростом концентрации глюкокортикоидных рецепторов. Заключение. Увеличение содержания глюкокортикоидных рецепторов у высокоустойчивых к гипоксии животных в позднем восстановительном периоде (14-е - 35-е сут) играет важную роль, предположительно путем модулирования течения воспалительного процесса, ограничения неконтролируемых иммунных реакции и повреждение тканей. Следствием значительного нарастания концентрации минералокортикоидных рецепторов у животных с низкой устойчивостью к гипоксии может быть усиление сосудистого ремоделирования и развитие фиброза в легких. Aim. The aim of the study was to characterize changes in free radical oxidation and corticosteroid receptor density in the lungs of animals with different sensitivity to hypoxia in the postresuscitation period. Methods. Experiments were performed on mongrel male white rats divided into two groups based on their hypoxia resistance, non-resistant and highly resistant. One week after testing the rats for resistance to hypoxia, a 5-min arrest of systemic circulation was modeled under ether anesthesia by intrathoracic compression of the vascular bundle of the heart with subsequent resuscitation. The follow-up period was 35 days. At 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 35 days, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation under ether anesthesia, and blood and tissue samples were collected. Concentrations of corticosterone and aldosterone were measured in plasma; concentrations of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and carbonylated proteins, iron-dependent formation of dityrosine, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and concentration of reduced glutathione were measured in lung homogenates. Results. Hypoxia non-resistant rats had a high intensity of free radical oxidation as evident from the development of carbonyl stress associated with decreased activities of key antioxidants and pronounced changes in the dynamics of corticosteroid receptors. A reduced level of corticosteroid receptors was observed in the first three days of resuscitation period and followed by a significant increase in mineralocorticoid receptors at the end of 35-day monitoring. High resistance to hypoxia was characterized by a relatively low intensity of free radical oxidation, evident only from increased lipid peroxidation, due to an adequate capacity and preservation of water-soluble antioxidants. During the early recovery period, high resistance to hypoxia was associated with preserved level of corticosteroid receptors whereas during late recovery, the high hypoxia resistance was associated with a significant increase in the concentration of glucocorticoid receptors. Conclusion. The increased density of glucocorticoid receptors in hypoxia high-resistant animals during the late recovery period (days 14-35) plays an important role, presumably by modulating the inflammatory process and restricting uncontrolled immune responses and tissue damage. The significant increase in mineralocorticoid receptors in hypoxia low-resistance animals may result in stimulation of vascular remodeling and development of pulmonary fibrosis.


Author(s):  
А.В. Ефремов ◽  
Т.П. Храмых ◽  
Н.В. Говорова ◽  
П.А. Ермолаев

Введение. Ведущим патогенетическим фактором массивной кровопотери является гипоксия, инициирующая активацию процессов свободнорадикального окисления (СРО) в органах и тканях и системный воспалительный ответ. Показано, что одним из универсальных звеньев формирования множественной органной дисфункции при кровопотере является изменение проницаемости кишечной стенки с транслокацией микрофлоры и токсинов в системный кровоток на фоне реперфузии. В последнее время внимание исследователей привлекает эффект анестетического прекондиционирования, в том числе при операциях, сопровождающихся геморрагической гипотензией (ГГ). Цель исследования - оценка в эксперименте динамики процессов СРО в тонкой кишке при геморрагической гипотензии на фоне применения анестетика севофлурана, обладающего эффектом анестетического прекондиционирования. Методика. Эксперименты проведены на 105 белых крысах-самцах. ГГ моделировали, используя в 1-й группе в качестве анестетика эфир во 2-й - анестетик севофлуран. Контролем служили 2 группы интактных животных: одна - с эфиром, другая - с севофлураном. Для оценки процессов СРО через 15 мин, 30 мин, 1 ч, 2 ч ГГ забирали фрагменты тонкой кишки. Исследование хемилюминесценции (ХЛ) гомогенатов тонкой кишки проводили по методу Р.Р. Фархутдинова, используя хемилюминомер “Флюорат АБЛФ-2Т”. Регистрировались показатели СРО: спонтанная светимость (СС), вспышка (В), светосумма (С∑). Результаты. Через 15 мин ГГ (2-я группа,. севофлуран) обнаружено повышение показателя СС в тощей кишке на 33%; снижение показателя В в 12-пк в 2 раза, в тощей и подвздошной кишке - на 24 и 36% соответственно. Показатель С∑ снижался в 12-пк на 36%, в тощей и подвздошной кишке - на 45% и 52% соответственно по сравнению с 1-й группой (эфир). На 30-й мин показатель СС в тощей кишке повышался на 80%. На фоне ГГ при применении севофлурана отмечено снижение показателя В в 12-пк на 38%, в тощей кишке на 22%, а в подвздошной в 3 раза. Через 1 ч ГГ при использовании севофлурана наблюдалось повышение СС в в тощей кишке в 2 раза, в 12-пк и подвздошной - на на 38% и 15% соответственно. Показатель В снижался в 12-пк на 67, в тощей - на 43%; Показатель С∑ в 12-пк и тощей кишке снижался в 2,6 и 2,5 раза, в подвздошной - на 70% по сравнению с группой «эфир». Через 2 ч ГГ в группе «севофлуран» обнаружено увеличение СС в тощей и подвздошной кишках на 80% и в 3 раза, соответственно, по сравнению с эфирным наркозом. При этом наблюдалось уменьшение С∑ в 12-п и тощей кишке - на на 24% и 15% соответственно. Заключение. На фоне ГГ наблюдается активация процессов СРО в тонкой кишке при использовании эфира; прекондиционирование анестетиком севофлураном способствовало значительному ограничению окислительного стресса в тонкой кишке крыс возможно за счет активации антиоксидантной системы. Introduction. The major pathogenetic factor of massive blood loss is hypoxia, which triggers activation of free-radical oxidation (FRO) processes in organs and tissues and the systemic inflammatory response. A universal factor of multiple organ dysfunction in blood loss is altered intestinal wall permeability with translocation of microflora and toxins into the systemic circulation during reperfusion. Recently, much of the attention has been focused on effects of anesthetic preconditioning, including during operations associated with hemorrhagic hypotension (HH). The aim of this study was to evaluate in experiment the dynamics of small intestinal FRO in HH during the use of the anesthetic sevoflurane, which has an effect of anesthetic preconditioning. Methods. Experiments were performed on 105 white male rats divided into two groups; groups 1 and 2 were exposed to HH with ether or sevoflurane as the anesthetic, respectively. Two groups of intact animals treated with ether or sevoflurane were used as the controls. Five animals died during the experiment. To evaluate FRO processes, samples of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were taken at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h of HH. The chemiluminescence (CL) study of small intestine homogenates was performed according to the Farukhutdinov method on a Fluorate ABLF-2T chemiluninometer. The following FRO indexes were recorded: spontaneous luminosity (SL), flash (F), and light sum (L∑). Significance of differences was determined with the Mann-Whitney test. Results. In the sevoflurane group 2 compared to the ether group after 15 min of HH, SL was increased in the jejunum by 33%; F was decreased in the duodenum by 50%, in the jejunum by 24%, and in the ileum by 36%; L∑ was decreased in the duodenum by 36%, in the jejunum by 45%, and in the ileum by 52%. At 30 min, SL in the jejunum was increased by 80%. In the HH+sevoflurane group, F was decreased in the duodenum by 38%, in the jejunum by 22%, and in the ileum by 27%; L∑ in the duodenum was decreased by 44%, in the jejunum by 45%, and in the ileum by 67%. After 1 h of HH+sevofluran, SL was increased in the jejunum twofold, in the duodenum by 38% and in the ileum by 15%; F was decreased in the duodenum by 67% and in the jejunum by 43%; L∑ in the duodenum was decreased by 62%, in the jejunum by 60%, and in the ileum by 70% compared to the ether group. After 2 h of HH+sevofluran, SL was increased in the jejunum and ileum by 80% and 67%, respectively, compared to the ether group. In this process, L∑ in the duodenum was decreased by 24% and in the jejunum by 15%. Conclusion. The HH+diethyl ether exposure was associated with activation of FRO processes in the small intestine. The sevoflurane preconditioning provided a significant restriction of oxidative stress in the rat small intestine due to activation of the antioxidant system in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at 1 h, 15 min, and 30 min of HH, respectively.


2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
S E Lorents ◽  
E N Mazko ◽  
O G Makarova ◽  
A Yu Zharikov ◽  
Yu V Korenovskiy ◽  
...  

Aim. To determine the effect of Leu-Ile-Lys tripeptide on indicators of oxidative stress and expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in the gastric mucosa on the background of experimental indomethacin-induced ulcer. Methods. Experiments were performed on 35 male Wistar rats with a body mass of 200-250 g aged 2-3 months that were divided into 3 groups: the control group (intact rats, 8 animals), control group (simulation of indomethacin-induced gastropathy, 12 animals) experimental group (simulation of indomethacin-induced gastropathy + administration of Leu-Ile-Lys tripeptide, 15 animals). The tripeptide Leu-Ile-Lys obtained by chemical synthesis (sample purity at least 98%) was administered intragastrically daily for 7 days before the simulation of indomethacin-induced damage of the gastric mucosa in a dose of 11.5 mg/kg. The model of indomethacin-induced damage to the rodent gastric mucosa was reproduced by a single intragastric administration of indomethacin in a dose of 60 mg/kg in 1 ml of saline. In the stomach homogenate the activity of free radical oxidation was determined by conventional methods. For quantitative determination of cyclooxygenase-1, -2 in gastric homogenate the method of enzyme immunoassay was used. The concentration was determined spectrometrically by the color intensity of the samples. Results. With a prophylactic administration of tripeptide Leu-Ile-Lys, concentration of tiobarbiturate-reactive products was normalized, total antioxidant activity increased and the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased compared to the control group. The concentration of cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric homogenate from the experimental animals was 2.3 times lower than that of the control rats. Conclusion. Use of Leu-Ile-Lys tripeptide in experimental indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer showed a significant decrease of oxidative damage and inflammation in the gastric mucosa.


Author(s):  
O. V. Denefil ◽  
S. S. Riabokon ◽  
I. R. Mits

Any change of external or internal environment causes body’s responses that facilitate its adaptation. Pathogenesis of stress reaction study is always topical as it is aimed at the investigation of optimal adaptation mechanisms to impaired agents. The aim – to study the dynamics of free-radical oxidation indices and antioxidant protection in male rats’ heart undergone chronic prenatal, postnatal stress and their combination. Material and Methods. The study was performed on 44 white non-pedigreed pubertal three-month-rats. Prenatal stress was induced by keeping pregnant female rats in narrow pencil case for an hour. Postnatal stress was induced in 1.5 to three-month- rats by keeping them in cages with living space restriction twice as much. Combined stress comprised using two methods. Contents of peroxide lipids oxidation products and antioxidant protection were determined in the heart. Results. Psycho-emotional stress in three-month-rats causes activation processes of peroxide lipids oxidation and antioxidant protection regardless of stressor’s period action. On the basis of correlations study it was proved that development mechanisms of chronic stress depend on life-period when stress was sustained. Conclusions. Processes of peroxide lipids oxidation in all modelling types of stress are intensified in young male-rats’ heart during the effect of chronic psycho-emotional stress. Activity of enzyme part of antioxidant protection increases simultaneously with the increase of LPO products in the heart. It is more manifested in prenatal and postnatal stress. Intensification of glutathione system action and disturbances of its activity, especially in animals that undergone prenatal stress were also marked.


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